定语从句111.docx

定语从句111.docx

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定语从句111

关系代词的用法

关系副词的用法

定语从句知识网络关系代词与关系副词的选用

介词+关系代词

As引导的限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

其他注意事项

关系代词的选用先行词是人：

who（主语，宾语）,whom（宾语）that

先行词是物：

whichthat

Whose+名词

先行词与定语从句的the+n+ofwhich

主语有所属关系：

whose

Ofwhich+the+n

1.先行词是人时who,whom，that的选择

Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.

Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatImetthatday.

Thedoctortowhomshesentherfriendisveryfamous.（前有介词只能用whom）

★以下情况时，用who不用that

a.先行词为one（s）/anyone/those/all/nobody/anybody/none时,用who.

Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.

b.当先行词有较长定语时用who

ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinese.

c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that另一个用who.

Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.

d.在therebe开头的句中用who

There’resomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.

e.非限制性定语从句中指人时，用who

ProfessorWang,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.

2.先行词是物时that,which的选择

★以下情况时，用that而不用which

a.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?

Thereislittlethatcanbebelievedaboutit.

Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthatamuseschildren.

b先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。

.HamburgisthemostbeautifulcitythatI’veeverseen.

ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.

ThefirstmuseumthathevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.

.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.

c.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,thevery,theonly,last修饰时，用that。

I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.

Nosamplethatwenavereceivedissatisfactory.

Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.

Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthetime.

d.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.

Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.

Avictimisaperson,animalorthingthatsufferspain,death,harm,etc

e.当主句的主语是who,which时用that

Whichisthebikethatyoulost?

Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal.

f.有两个定语从句时，一个用which,另外一个用that

Theysecretlybuildupafactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.

h.主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语

Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisavailable.

★下列情况下用which而不用that

a.动词短语中，介词提前

ThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.

注：

在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，不能把介词提前。

常见的短语有：

carefor,dealwith,hearfrom/of/about,lookfor/after,sendfor,seeto

ThisisthetapewhichIamlookingfor.

b.先行词本身就是that

What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?

c.先行词后有插入语是

HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.

d.在非限制性定语从句中

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhim.

3.先行词与定语从句的主语有所属关系：

whosewhose+名词

the+n+ofwhich

Ofwhich+the+n

我想买套窗户朝南的房子。

I'dliketobuyaflat__________windowsfacesouth.

＝I'dliketobuyaflat_________________windowsfacesouth.

＝I'dliketobuyaflat_____windows___________facesouth.

单身汉就是未成家的男人。

Abachelorisaman________capcovershisfamily.

＝Abachelorisaman___________________capcovershisfamily.

＝Abachelorisaman_____cap__________covershisfamily

先行词是时间when=in/at/on/……which

五．关系副词的选用先行词的地点：

where=in/onatwhich

先行词是原因（reason）:

why=forwhich

先行词是way:

that=inwhich/×

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.

=I’llneverforgetthetimeweworkedonthefarm

HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

=HearrivedinBeijingonthedayIleft.

Wewillneverforgetthedaywhenwejointheparty.

=Wewillneverforgetthedaywejointheparty.

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

=ThisisthehouseIwasbornin.

=ThisisthehouseIwasborn.

Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

=Thefactoryhisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

ThereasonwhyIcalledistoinviteyoutoaparty.

=ThereasonIcalledistoinviteyoutoaparty.

Thewaythatheexplainedthesentencestouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

=Thewayheexplainedthesentencestouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

=Thewayheexplainedthesentencestouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

★当先行词是situation,condition,case,stage,point,job,business,atmosphere等，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，用where.

（福建）It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.

（浙江）IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.

Therearesomecases,therulesdoesn’tholdgood.（适用）

Thisisajobyoucanlearnsomething.

温馨提示：

如果这些名词在定语从句中作宾语，用that/which/×

Thisisthepointthat/which/Idon’tagreewith.

Nowthereisjustonepoint_______Iwishyoumakequiteclear.

★当先行词是occasion,或其他表示模糊概念的时间名词，用when.

（山东）Occasionsarequiterare_________Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

作“次数”用that（可省）

★当先行词是time时

作“一段时间，时代”用when/duringwhich

Thisisthesecondtimethepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.

IcouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimesI’vefailed.

ThiswasatatimetherewasnoradioornoTVsets.

六．关系代词和关系副词的选用

当先行词是表示时间，地点的名词，或reason,way时，选用关系代词还是关系副词，看先行词在定语从句中所做的成分作主语，宾语，表语时：

that/which

作状语时：

when/where/why先行词时way用inwhich/that/×

ThisisthemountainvillageIvisitedlastyear.

Thisisthemuseum______________wetalkedaboutlastyear.

Thisisthemuseum________myfatherusedtowork.

I'llneverforgetthedaysIspentinthecountryside.

I’llneverforgetthedays_____________wespenttogether.

Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespentinQingdao？

Doyoustillrememberthedays_______wespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?

I’llneverforgetthedays_______Istudiedinthisuniversity.

DoyoustillrememberthereasonIexplainedtoyouyesterday?

Doyoustillrememberthereasonhewasabsentyesterday?

Thewayheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.

Thewayhetalkedtohisparentsisveryrude.

七．介词+关系代词

1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配

Thegirlforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

HeisthemanonwhomIthinkyoucandepend.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.

2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配

HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.

ThetwothingsofwhichtheyareveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.

3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的搭配

Therateatwhichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.

Thisisourclassroom,_infrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.

Thetrainonwhichsheistravelingisarriving.

4.表示部分的词语+of+whom/which

常见的有most,allboth,neither,either,some,many,few,分数，百分数，数次，最高级等

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.

Thereareseventystudents,thirtyofwhomaregirls.

Hewroteseveralbooks,thefirstofwhichhasbeenpublished.

5.介词+which/whose+名词介词取决于该名词或整个句子的含义

Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilsix,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.

Shemayhavemissedthetrain,inwhichcaseshewon’tarriveforanotherhour.

Doyouknowtheboss,inwhosedepartmentmybrotherworks?

as……as

so…….as

八．As引导的限制性定语从句such….as

thesame…as

Hesmokesasexpensiveacigaretteashecanafford.

Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.

Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.

★so…as…,such…as..与so…that…,such…that..的区别

so…as…,such…as..引导定语从句

so…that…,such…that..引导状语从句

判断的关键看从句中有没有宾语，没有宾语用as,是定语从句；有宾语用that是状语从句

* MountainWuYiissuchagoodplaceaseveryonewantstovisit.

MountainWuYiissuchagoodplacethateveryonewantstovisitit.

*Thisissuchaneasyquestion____Icananswer.

Thisissuchaneasyquestion____Icananswerit.

*Thepromblemwassohard____noonecouldworkout.

 Thepromblemwassohard_____noonecouldworkitout.

*Heissuchagoodteacherweallloveandrespect.

Heissuchagoodteacherweallloveandrespecthim.

*Itissuchagoodplace_____everybodywantstovisit_____itiswell-knownallovertheworld.

A.which;thatB.as;asC.as;thatD.that;as

★thesame…as与thesame…that的区别

都引导定语从句，意义有区别thesame…as同类不同物

Thesame…that同一件东西

Thisisthesamewatch____Ilost.（这块表与我丢的那块一样。

）

Thisisthesamewatch______Ilost.（这就是我丢的那块表。

）

九．非限制性定语从句：

非限制性定语从句中是对主句的先行词进行补充说明作用，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

Shehastwobrothers,whoarebothdoctors.

Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanweexpected.

温馨提示：

that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。

十．As和which在非限制性定语从句中的区别

关系代词代替整个句子或句子的一部分内容时，which和as在用法上有很大区别。

1．从先行词在从句中充当的句子成分角度：

在主谓宾（补）结构的定语从句中作主语，只能用which

Motherusuallybringsfruitstomyclassroom,whichembarrassesmealot.

Marydidn’tpassthedrivingtest,whichmadeherverysad.

2．从定语从句的位置角度：

as句首，句中，

Which句中

SomeAmericantroops,aswehavelearntfromthenewspaper,arebeingwithdrawnfromtheMiddleEast.

Aswehavelearntfromthenewspaper,someAmericantroopsarebeingwithdrawnfromtheMiddleEast.

SomeAmericantroopsarebeingwithdrawnfromtheMiddleEast,as/whichwehavelearntfromthenewspaper.

3．从固定搭配角度：

常见固定用法asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase,

asoftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenpointedout,ascanbeseen,asisreported（as翻译‘正如’）

Thematerialresistsheat，asshownintheexperiment.

TheairshowbeingheldinZhuhaiisfantastic,____as__canbeseen.

Itneverrainsbutpoursinthisarea,___as___isoftenthecase

4．从定语从句的肯、否定意义角度：

从句内容为否定意义时，常用which

Theyoungladymarriedanoldmanwithalotofmoney，whichisdisgraceful.

Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected.

5,which可指代一个名词，as只能指代句子

Ilikethebookalot,whichwasboughtbymyfather.

十一.特殊的定语从句

1.分列式定语