如何使用SNMP来监控Linux服务器.docx

如何使用SNMP来监控Linux服务器.docx

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如何使用SNMP来监控Linux服务器

如何使用SNPM来监控Linux服务器

作者:

icefired（icefired@）

2005-9-16

[Keywords]SNMP,Linux,OrionNPM,MRTG,Net-SNMP

[Objects]UsingSNMPtomonitoraLinuxserver

[准备]

1．Net-SNMP5.1.2或UCD-SNMP4.2.3

下载：

-snmp.org/download.html

2．ALinuxServer:

RedhatLinux7/8/9,RHEL3/4或其他Linux发行版。

3．SNMPTool:

SolarwindstoolsetV8.2或OrionNetworkPerformanceMonitorV7.8,其他支持SNMP监控的工具如HPOpenView,IBMNetView,SNMPCV7均可以。

[步骤]

1.安装Net-SNMP或UCD-SNMP.（三种方法）

安装Linux系统时自动安装

安装Linux系统的时候选择UCD-SNMP和SNMP-Utility两个安装包就可以了。

使用RPM包来安装,这里以Redhat9为例来说明。

先检查有无安装旧的版本:

rpm–qucd-snmp

全新安装：

#rpm–ivhnet-snmp-5.1.2-1.rh9.i386.rpm

#rpm–ivhnet-snmp-devel-5.1.2-1.rh9.i386.rpm

使用原代码来安装

#wget

#tar–xzvfnet-snmp-5.1.3.1.tar.gz

#cdnet-snmp-5.1.3.1

#./configure

#make&makeinstall

如果没什么问题则顺利完成安装，Linux的安装和命令使用不在本文讨论范围，请大家查询相关手册。

2.配置SNMP

设置SNMPD服务自动启动

#setup然后勾选上services->snmpd

启动snmpd进程

#servicesnmpdstart

2.2检查一下snmpd进程是否运行正常

#ps–ef|grepsnmpd

2.3配置/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

好了，按照前面的步骤我们已经顺利的安装好SNMP服务了，如果使用默认的snmpd.conf文件，我们将只能够看到系统信息，而不能对系统资源进行监测。

下面是一份net-snmp自带的snmpd.conf文件：

##################---Begin---################################

####################

#snmpd.conf:

#Anexampleconfigurationfileforconfiguringtheucd-snmpsnmpdagent.

#

#########################################################

#

#Thisfileisintendedtoonlybeasastartingpoint.Manymore

#configurationdirectivesexistthanarementionedinthisfile.For

#fulldetails,seethesnmpd.conf（5）manualpage.

#

#Alllinesbeginningwitha'#'arecommentsandareintendedforyou

#toread.Allotherlinesareconfigurationcommandsfortheagent.

##########################################################AccessControl

#########################################################

#Asshipped,thesnmpddemonwillonlyrespondtoqueriesonthe

#systemmibgroupuntilthisfileisreplacedormodifiedfor

#securitypurposes.Examplesareshownbelowabouthowtoincreasethe

#levelofaccess.

#Byfar,themostcommonquestionIgetabouttheagentis"whywon't

#itwork?

",whenreallyitshouldbe"howdoIconfiguretheagentto

#allowmetoaccessit?

"

#

#Bydefault,theagentrespondstothe"public"communityforread

#onlyaccess,ifrunoutoftheboxwithoutanyconfigurationfilein

#place.Thefollowingexamplesshowyouotherwaysofconfiguring

#theagentsothatyoucanchangethecommunitynames,andgive

#yourselfwriteaccesstothemibtreeaswell.

#

#Formoreinformation,readtheFAQaswellasthesnmpd.conf（5）

#manualpage.

####

#First,mapthecommunityname"public"intoa"securityname"

#sec.namesourcecommunity

com2secnotConfigUserdefaultpublic

####

#Second,mapthesecuritynameintoagroupname:

#groupNamesecurityModelsecurityName

groupnotConfigGroupv1notConfigUser

groupnotConfigGroupv2cnotConfigUser

####

#Third,createaviewforustoletthegrouphaverightsto:

#Makeatleastsnmpwalk-v1localhost-cpublicsystemfastagain.

#nameincl/exclsubtreemask（optional）

viewsystemviewincluded.1.3.6.1.2.1.1

viewsystemviewincluded.1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1

####

#Finally,grantthegroupread-onlyaccesstothesystemviewview.

#groupcontextsec.modelsec.levelprefixreadwritenotif

accessnotConfigGroup""anynoauthexactsystemviewnonenone

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Hereisacommentedoutexampleconfigurationthatallowsless

#restrictiveaccess.

#YOUSHOULDCHANGETHE"COMMUNITY"TOKENBELOWTOANEWKEYWORDONLY

#KNOWNATYOURSITE.YOU*MUST*CHANGETHENETWORKTOKENBELOWTO

#SOMETHINGREFLECTINGYOURLOCALNETWORKADDRESSSPACE.

##sec.namesourcecommunity

#com2seclocallocalhostCOMMUNITY

#com2secmynetworkNETWORK/24COMMUNITY

##group.namesec.modelsec.name

#groupMyRWGroupanylocal

#groupMyROGroupanymynetwork

#

#groupMyRWGroupanyotherv3user

#...

##incl/exclsubtreemask

#viewallincluded.180

##-orjustthemib2tree-

#viewmib2included.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2fc

##contextsec.modelsec.levelprefixreadwritenotif

#accessMyROGroup""anynoauth0allnonenone

#accessMyRWGroup""anynoauth0allallall

##########################################################Systemcontactinformation

#

#ItisalsopossibletosetthesysContactandsysLocationsystem

#variablesthroughthesnmpd.conffile:

syslocationUnknown（edit/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf）

syscontactRoot（configure/etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf）

#Exampleoutputofsnmpwalk:

#%snmpwalk-v1localhost-cpublicsystem

#system.sysDescr.0="SunOSnamesun4c"

#system.sysObjectID.0=OID:

enterprises.ucdavis.ucdSnmpAgent.sunos4

#system.sysUpTime.0=Timeticks:

（595637548）68days,22:

32:

55

#system.sysContact.0="Me"

#system.sysName.0="name"

#system.sysLocation.0="Righthere,rightnow."

#system.sysServices.0=72

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#########################################################

#Processchecks.

#

#Thefollowingareexamplesofhowtousetheagenttocheckfor

#processesrunningonthehost.Thesyntaxlookssomethinglike:

#

#procNAME[MAX=0][MIN=0]

#

#NAME:

thenameoftheprocesstocheckfor.Itmustmatch

#exactly（ie,httpwillnotfindhttpdprocesses）.

#MAX:

themaximumnumberallowedtoberunning.Defaultsto0.

#MIN:

theminimumnumbertoberunning.Defaultsto0.

#

#Examples（commentedoutbydefault）:

#

#Makesuremountdisrunning

#procmountd

#Makesuretherearenomorethan4ntalkdsrunning,but0isoktoo.

#procntalkd4

#Makesureatleastonesendmail,butlessthanorequalto10arerunning.

#procsendmail101

#Asnmpwalkoftheprocessmibtreewouldlooksomethinglikethis:

#

#%snmpwalk-v1localhost-cpublic.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.1=1

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.2=2

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.3=3

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.1="mountd"

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.2="ntalkd"

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.3="sendmail"

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.2=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.3=1

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.2=4

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.3=10

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.2=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.3=1

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.1=1

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.2=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.3=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.1="Nomountdprocessrunning."

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.2=""

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.3=""

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.2=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.3=0

#

#NotethattheerrorFlagformountdissetto1becauseoneisnot

#running（inthiscaseanrpc.mountdis,butthatsnotgoodenough）,

#andtheErrMessagetellsyouwhat'swrong.Theconfiguration

#imposedinthesnmpd.conffileisalsoshown.

#

#SpecialCase:

Whentheminandmaxnumbersareboth0,itassumes

#youwantamaxofinfinityandaminof1.

#

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

##########################################################Executables/scripts

#

#

#Youcanalsohaveprogramsrunbytheagentthatreturnasingle

#lineofoutputandanexitcode.Herearetwoexamples.

#

#execNAMEPROGRAM[ARGS...]

#

#NAME:

Agenericname.

#PROGRAM:

Theprogramtorun.Includethepath!

#ARGS:

optionalargumentstobepassedtotheprogram

#asimplehelloworld

#execechotest/bin/echohelloworld

#Runashellscriptcontaining:

#

##!

/bin/sh

#echohelloworld

#echohithere

#exit35

#

#Note:

thishasbeenspecificallycommentedouttoprevent

#accidentalsecurityholesduetosomeoneelseonyoursystemwriting

#a/tmp/shtestbeforeyoudo.Uncommenttouseit.

#

#execshelltest/bin/sh/tmp/shtest

#Then,

#%snmpwalk-v1localhost-cpublic.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.8

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extIndex.1=1

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extIndex.2=2

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extNames.1="echotest"

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extNames.2="shelltest"

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extCommand.1="/bin/echohelloworld"

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extCommand.2="/bin/sh/tmp/shtest"

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extResult.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extResult.2=35

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extOutput.1="helloworld."

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extOutput.2="helloworld."

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extErrFix.1=0

#enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extErrFix.2=0

#Notethatthesecondlineofthe/tmp/shtestshellscriptiscut

#off.Alsonotethattheexitstatusof35wasreturned.

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

##########################################################diskchecks

#

#Theagentcanchecktheamountofavailablediskspace,andmake

#s