中考英语分类阅读理解.docx
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中考英语分类阅读理解
中考英语阅读理解分类解读
——兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题
山东张贵福
文章来源:
2008年下半年度《试题与研究》
一、人物故事类
【命题趋势】
人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。
体裁一般是记叙文,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主,推理为辅。
近年来,人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。
【应试对策】
人物故事类文章多为记叙文,为了支撑所要描述的人物,短语往往会出现大量细节,这些细节有时很直接,理解字面意思即可,有时则很间接,需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。
准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。
那么,怎样准确理解细节呢?
首先,从问题中找到关键词;然后以此为线索,运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节;找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读,认真比较选项和文中细节的区别;最后,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。
【典型考题】
(1)
Whenweaskedstudentswhattheywanttobe,theyoftentalkaboutunusualjobs,thingsliketeachersanddoctors.Butifyouthinkaboutit,manypeopledon’tplantodotheirjobs.Theyjuststartdoingthembyaccident.Wehavetalkedtotwopeoplewithunusualjobs.
Emilyisadentistbutshedoesn’tworkwithpeople.Sheworkswithhorses.Afteruniversityshetookcareofanimal’shealthforseveralyears,butshenoticesthattherewerefewpeoplewhocouldhelphorses’teeth.Shedeicidetogotocollegeandstudyagain.Thenshehadtobuyspecialtools,butsheisneveroutofwork.She’dalwaysverybusytakingcareofhorses’teeth.“Icouldn’tbeadentistforpeoplenow,”Emilysaid,“becauseIreallyenjoyworkingwithhorses.”
AssoonasDavidcouldread,hereadbooksaboutrobots,buttherobotshebuildtodaydon’tlooklikethestrangerobotpeopleinhisbooks.Hebuildrobotsforindustry.Earlyonehemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputerssothathecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering.“Someofthemathisverydifficult.”sayDavid,“butyoumuststudymathtobeanengineer.”Fortunatelyhegottopmarksinallhismathexams.
1.Emilydoesn’twanttobeadentistbecause_________.
A.thepayislowB.shehastobuyspecialtools
C.shewillbeoutofworkD.shelikesworkingwithhorses
2.Tobecomearobotengineer,David_________.
A.needtoworryB.boughtalotofrobots
C.hadtostudyhardD.didn’thavetogotocollege
3.Davidgottopmarksinallhismathexams,although_________.
A.mathwasnoteasytostudy
B.hehastostudymathtobeanengineer
C.hecouldbreakintotheworldofrobotengineering
D.hemadeuphismindtostudymath,scienceandcomputers
(2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷)
(2)
OnedaywhenJackwaswalkinginthepark,hesawawoman,wholivedafewmilesaway,sittingonabenchwithadogbesideher.Thedogwaslookingupatthewoman.
Jackwalkeduptothewomanandsaid,"Hello,Sue,howareyou?
MayIsitandtalkwithyouforawhile?
""Ofcourse,pleasesitdown,"Suesaid.JacksatdownnexttoSueonthebench,andtheytalkedquietlytogether.ThedogcontinuedtolookupatSue,asifwaitingtobefed.
"That'sanicedog,isn'the?
"Jacksaid,pointingattheanimal.
"Yes,heis.He'shandsome.He'sabitofamixture,butthat'snotabadthing.He'sstrongandhealthy."
"Andhungry,"Jacksaid."Hehasn'ttakenhiseyesoffyou.Hethinksyou'vegotsomefoodforhim."
"That'strue,"Suesaid."ButIhaven't."
TheybothlaughedandthenJacksaid,"Doesyourdogbite?
"
"No,"Suesaid,"He'sneverbittenanyone.He'salwaysgentleandfriendly."
Hearingthis,Jackdecidedtoholdouthishandandtouchedtheanimal'shead.Suddenlyitjumpedupandbithim.
"Hey!
"Jackshouted."Yousaidyourdogdidn'tbite."
Suerepliedinsurprise,"Yeah,Idid.Butthisisnotmydog.Mydog'sathome."
4.Thedoglookedatthewomanbecause_________.
A.thewomanwantedtofeedhim
B.thewomanwasfriendly
C.hewasstrongandhealthy
D.hewashungry
5.JackandSuewere_________.
A.friendsB.next-doorneighbors
C.strangersD.inthesamefamily
6.Jacktouchedthedogbecausehebelieved_________.
A.thedogwashandsome
B.Sue'sdogwasunfriendly
C.thedogbelongedtoSue
D.Sue'sdogwasathome
7.Wecaninferformthepassagethat_________.
A.Suegaveawronganswer
B.Jackmadeamistake
C.thedogwasn'tdangerous
D.bothJackandSuelikedthedog
8.WhichoftheFollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.AWrongQuestionB.Sue'sDog
C.ApleasantMeetingD.Sue'sFriend
(2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试)
参考答案:
1~5DCADA6~8CBA
二、社会文化类
【命题趋势】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。
学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力,增强对外国文化,特别是英语国家文化的了解”。
因此,社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。
社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势:
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。
如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。
题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。
2.一般一篇文章一个主题。
以议论文、记叙文居多。
3.命题方面,既重主旨把握,又重特定细节,时有推断。
【应试对策】
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程,在复习时要注意:
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。
在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。
对于普通中学毕业生来说,应具备2000-3500的词汇量,并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。
掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。
熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。
2.扩展文化背景知识,认真研读历届高考题。
从近五年的高考题看,阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强,更重视语言和文化的关系,阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。
因此,要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识,要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。
同时,要认真研读近五年的高考篇目,增加语言经验,适应选材特点,熟悉题材和体裁。
了解设问形式,感悟设问特点。
3.广泛涉猎,丰富消遣阅读。
【典型考题】
(1)
第一节:
阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。
(10分)
BeijingOperaisalsocalledPekingOpera.Itcameintobeingafter1790whenthefamousfourAnhuioperatroupes(戏班)cametoBeijing.Itsmusicandsinging(唱腔)comefromXipiandErhuanginAnhuiandHubei.Itscostumesareallfascinatingandartistic.ItisthehighestexpressionoftheChineseculture.It’sfulloffamousstories,beautifulfacialpaintings,andwonderfulgesturesandfighting.ThiskindofoperaisverypopularwithChinesepeople.
TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:
Sheng,Dan,JingandChou.Shengistheleadingmale(男性)actor.Forexample,aWushengisasoldierorfighter.AXiaoshengisayoungman.ALaoshengisanoldman.Danisthefemale(女性)role.Jing,mostlymale,istheface-paintedroleandChouisthecomedyactororclown.
StoriesinBeijingOperaareveryinteresting.Someofthemarefromthehistorybook,butmostofthemarefromtheliterature,especiallyfamousnovels.Thepeopleinthestoryusuallyhavesomedisagreements.Theybecomeangryandunhappy.Theyaresadandlonely.Sometimestheyarenervousandworried.Thentheyfindawaytomakepeace.Thestoriesusuallyendwithhappinessandlaughterandpeopleareallhappyintheend.
()56.BeijingOpera’ssingingisfrom_________.
A.AnhuiandHubeiB.BeijingandAnhui
C.thehistorybookD.theliteratureandnovels
()57.Thesecondparagraph(段落)ofthereadingisaboutthe_________ofBeijingOpera.
A.storiesB.rolesC.gesturesD.paintings
()58.Fromthereading,weknowtheroleChoumostprobablyhasa(n)_________feature.
A.honestB.funnyC.dullD.serious
()59.WhichofthefollowingistheroleSheng?
A.
B.
C.
D.
()60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.PekingOperaisfullofdifferentgestures.
B.ThereareonlyfourrolesinBeijingOpera.
C.BeijingOperaisthemostpopularintheworld.
D.Thepeopleinthestoryusuallyareinagreement.
第二节:
阅读短文,根据其内容,选择最佳选项完成下列各题。
(10分)
October 16isWorldFoodDay.Thisdayisalsotheanniversary(纪念日)oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)(联合国粮农组织).Morethan 100countriesareholdingspecialevents.AlloftheseaimtocelebratetheestablishmentoftheFAOin1945.Thethemechosenforthisyear’sWorldFoodDayis“Water:
Source(资源)ofFoodSecurity”.
AUNreportsaysthatover6millionpeoplehavediedfromhungerandrelateddiseasessofarthisyearalone.Morethan850millionpeople,oraboutoneinseven,aroundtheworlddonotgetenoughfood,andtheneedforfoodwillincreaseastheworld’spopulationgrows.TheUNalsoreportsthatbyyear2030,theworldmayneed60%morefood.Mostofthatincreasewillhavetocomefromagriculturesupportedbywaterirrigation(灌溉).However,freshwaterisalreadyinshortsupplyinmanycountries.
JacquesDiouf,thedirectoroftheFAO,saysthatthereare20countriesthatdonothaveenoughwatertoproduceenoughfoodfortheirpopulations.Tennationsusemorethan40%oftheirtotalfreshwaterforagriculture.Hefearsthattheproblemwillonlybecomeworseastheneedforwaterbypeopleandbyindustrygrows.Sowaterisoneofthemostimportantthingsintheworldtoday.
()61.Theunderlined(画线的)word“establishment”hasthesamemeaningas_________.
A.pickingupB.makingupC.cuttingupD.settingup
()62.Intheworld,morethan_________peoplehavediedbecauseofhungerthisyear.
A.6millionB.2millionC.850millionD.100million
()63.WhatMr.Dioufsaysshowsthathemostworriesabout_________.
A.thefutureoftheFAOB.theshortofwater
C.theovergrowthofpopulationD.thedevelopmentoftheenvironment
()64.Thereadingaboveimplies(暗示)that_________.
A.freshwaterforusisquiteenoughB.theworld’spopulationisgettingsmaller
C.wewillneedmorewatertoirrigateD.industryisthemostimportantthingtoday
()65.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.
A.howtocelebrateWorldFoodDayB.theincreaseoffoodinmanycountries
C.theimportanceofwaterforfoodD.theUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization
(湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试)
(2)
BargainingistherulehereinBeijing.Atleast,itissoinmostmarketsandback-streetclothesshops.Bargainingisanartandifyouareunfamiliar(不熟悉)withit,we'dliketoofferyousomeadvice.Thetips(窍门)hereareoftenusedinBeijingbutmayhelpyouatanyplaceintheworldwherebargainingispracticed.
DONOTsayhowmuchyouwanttopayforanitem(物品)unlessit’sneartheendofthebargaining.Alwaystryanddroptheseller'sofferingpriceasmuchaspossiblebeforeopeningyourmouthwithaprice.
DOthrowoutreallylowpriceslike10RMBwithabigsmile.
DOkeepsmilingfromthebeginningtotheend.Thesellerusuallycontinuesbargainingwithahappysmilingface.Gettingangryhardlygetsyouthepriceyouwant.
KEEPinmindthepriceofferedbytheselleratthebeginningisus