M5U2reading语言点学生版.docx
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M5U2reading语言点学生版
1.Withme_____(is/are)Mr.LinShuiqing,fromtheSocietyforEnvironmentalPreservation,andMr.QianLiwei,aneconomist.
跟我一起的有绿色环保协会的林水清先生,以及经济发展顾问钱利伟.
此处为完全倒装,句子的主干结构应为:
Mr.LinShuiqingandMr.QianLiweiarewithme.
语言知识分析:
1)由于句子主语很长,而谓语部分相对较短,为了避免句子头重脚轻采用了倒装结构。
Herearesomebooksdonatedbythestudentsofourschooltothosewhoarelivinginthemountains.
2)在倒装结构中,介词短语放在句首,用完全倒装,构成以下结构:
介词短语+be+主语,其中be动词还可以用stand,lie等动词替换。
如:
Inthedarkforestsliesabeautifullake.
1)Ontopofthebooks__thephotoalbumyou’relookingfor.(05,上海)
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
2)---Iseveryonehere?
---Notyet……Look,there_______therestofourguests!
(10江苏)
A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming
2.openthefloorfordiscussionthefloor:
意为“发言权”。
又如:
Aftertheyeachhadsaidafewwords,ProfessorWhitetookthefloor.他们各自说了几句话后,怀特教授开始发言。
openthefloor自由发言have/getthefloor取得发言权
takethefloor开始发言begiventhefloor被准予发言
3.Iamtalkingtoyoutodayaboutthewaylargeareasoftheworldaredamagedbyindustrialwaste.我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而破坏的。
theway是先行词,后接一个定语从句,way后面的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。
1)Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.
AthatBwhichCinthatDwhere
2)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
Way还可以用todo/ofdoing作定语来修饰
eg.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistokeeppracticing.
=Thebestway________________Englishwellistokeeppracticing.
4.Theseboatscatchlargenumberoffishwithoutgivingthemtimetolayeggs.
这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼类,根本不让它们有产卵的时间。
lie-lied-lied-lyingvi.撒谎
lie-lay-lain-lyingvi.躺,卧;位于
lay-laid-laid-layingvt.放置;产卵
Thelittleboyliedthathehadlaidtheegglaidbythehenlyingunderthetreeinthebox.
lie/lay
1).IalwaysfeelrelaxedwhenI_________inbed,listeningtomusic.
2).Wouldyouplease_______thebooksonthetable?
3).Youshouldalwaysbehonestandnevertell_____________toyourfriends.
4).Cuckoos(布谷鸟)_________eggsinotherbirds’nests.(lie,lay,lies,lay)
5).______downyourweaponsandwalkslowlytowardsthedoorA.lieB.layC.lyingD.laying
5.Largenumbersoffish(L15)asmallernumberoffish(16)
总结:
Largenumbersof/anumberof+pl.许多。
谓语动词用复数
thenumberof+pl.…的数量。
谓语动词用单数
Thenumberoftheinvitedguests____50,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.
A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are.
largeamountsofharmfulchemicals(P15)theamountofthingswemakeandbuy(P21)
theamountofrubbish(P22)theamountofthingswerecycle(P23)
归纳:
alargeamountof或largeamountsof一般接不可数名词大量的……
theamountof+不可数名词/可数名词(做主语时谓语用单数)……的总量,数量
●Alarge/greatnumberof=large/greatnumbersof=agreat/goodmany/+pl.
●Agreatdealof/alargeamountof=largeamountsof+[u]
●Alotof/lotsof/alargequantityof/largequantitiesof/plentyof/amassof,
massesof+[u]/pl.
●Manya/morethanone+单数名词,谓语动词用单数。
注意:
alarge quantity of/large quantities of+可数名词/不可数名词,作主语谓语动词单复数随quantity或quantities本身而变。
A large quantity of dictionaries has been sold out.许多字典已经卖出。
Large quantities of money have been spent on the library. 大量的钱用在了图书馆。
1).Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook_____picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof
2).Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge______ofdesert_______hascoveredtheland.
A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have
6.Thiswillresultinasmallernumberoffishleft
resultin导致,结果是 Stressandtirednessoftenresultinalackofconcentration.
fishleft=remainingfish
resultfrom_________asaresult________asaresultof_________
7.population人口
Population做主语指整体,谓语用单数,但是指里面的个体成员用复数。
ThepopulationofChina____(is/are)muchlargerthanthatofJapan.
About30percentofthepopulationinthevillage____(have/has)beenstruckbytheillness.
这个村子大约有30%的人口受到这种疾病的侵袭.
注意:
对population进行提问时,常用what或howlarge,不能用howmany/much,如:
________isthepopulationofJapan?
8.Theworld’spopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.
growby“净增了”,类似的表达increaseby,riseby等。
如:
Salesofnewcarsinthatcountrygrewby20percentthisyear.
growto“增加到”。
类似的还有increaseto,riseto,climbto如:
Thenumberofstudentsatthecollegehasgrowntoover5,000.
Thepricehasincreasedtoanunbelievablenumber._______________________
英语中倍数的表达法有:
①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as
②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as
③倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than+其他
④倍数+thesize/height/length/width.etc.+of+其他
⑤倍数+what从句
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。
①Thenewbuildingis_______________ __________theoldone.
②Thenewbuildingis__________________ _____theoldone.
③Thenewbuildingis_______________ __________theoldone.
④Thenewbuildingis___________________theoldoneis.
1.Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais___GreatBritain.
A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesof
C.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof
2.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_____energyasthewholeofEurope.
A.astwiceB.twicemuch C.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch
3.(03北京)Hedidit______ittookme.
A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtimeD.one-thirdthetime
4.(03上海)Thehouserentisexpensive.I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mplaying________here.
A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimesC.muchasthreetimesD.threetimesasmuch
9.cutbackon:
reduce
Tosavemoney,weshouldcutbackonourspending._____________________________
Manycompaniesarecuttingbackonstaffatthemoment.__________________________
cutin插进来说,插嘴,干预cutoff切断,停掉cutdown削减,砍倒cutup切碎
1. Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas______fromtheoutsideworld.
A.cutoutB.cutoff C.cutupD.cutthrough
2. IwasjusttalkingtoMargaretwhenJackson____________.
A.cutinB.cutdown C.cutoutD.cutup
10.Itisclearthatyouareveryconcernedaboutthepresentsituationofourenvironment.
(1)Itisclear/obviousthat…很显然…,it作形式主语,that引导主语从句。
Itisquiteclearthatheislying.________________________
(2)beconcernedabout________________
Readandstudyseriouslyandbeconcernedaboutworldaffairs.
(3)beconcernedwith…_________________________
Herlatestdocumentaryisconcernedwithyouthunemployment.
(4)Concerningprep._________如:
ThebookdealswithquestionsconcerningChinesehistory.
11.beseenas被视为……主动形式:
See…as/tobe…“将……视为”。
Youcan’tseehimasafriendbutabusinessassociate.
Afterhisfirstnovelwaspublished,hewasseenasoneofthemostoutstandingnewauthorsofhisgeneration.在他的第一部小说出版后不久,他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。
类似意思的短语还有:
_________________________________________________
12.Theythinkofgreedybusinessmenhidingfromtheirresponsibilitiestotheenvironmentandonlythinkingaboutmoney.
hidefrom/escape/avoid/one’sresponsibilityto回避对…的责任
take/shoulderresponsibilityfor对…承担责任beresponsiblefor…对…负责任
你必须对你所做的事承担责任.Youmusttake___________________whatyouhavedone.
Mike对整个工程负责任。
Mike___________________thewholeproject
13.WhatI’mheretosayisthathavingworkedsidebysidewithmanyenvironmentalconsultants,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentanddevelopmentshouldbepossibleatthesametime.
(1)whatI’mheretosay是主语从句。
(2)……isthat……,that引导表语从句。
我知道的是他从院子偷了一辆自行车。
_______Iknowis______hehasstolenabikefromtheyard.
havingdone在句中做状语,表示状语部分的动作发生在主句动作之前。
否定是nothavingdone
1._________________(complete)theprogram,theyhavetostayherefortwomoreweeks.
2.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Thomassuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
14.Thepeopleoperatingthesefactoriesareveryconcernedabouttheenvironment.Weneedtostopthinkingofcompaniesastheenemy.
1).Italkedwiththegirlstandingunderthetreejustnow.现在分词做定语表主动
=Italkedwiththegirl______________________underthetree.
2).Thesoldierssavedthepeopletrappedintheflood.过去分词表被动表完成
=Thesoldierssavedthepeople________________________intheflood.
(08福建卷)33.Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
A.seatB.sitCseatedD.sat
(08湖南卷)26.Thetrees____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.
A.beingblowndown.B.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowndown
15.MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinorderto
savetheenvironment.
在主、宾、表、同位语从句中含有suggestion,advice,requirement,order,request,demand等表“建议,要求,命令”等意义的名词或相应的动词时,其后从句中用虚拟语气,谓语常由“should+动词原形”构成,should可省略。
Theadvicethattheteachergavewasthatthestudents(should)gotobedearlyduringexamtime.
老师提出的忠告是同学们在考试期间应该早点上床睡觉。
我们必须呆在这里,这是命令。
Theordersarethatwe(should)stayhere.suggest还可作“暗示”、“表明”“使人想起”等解,这时主语往往是物,后面接宾语从句时,其谓语动词要用陈述语气。
1.Isuggestthatadoctor_______ immediately.
A.besentforB.wassentfor C.mustsendforD.shouldsendfor
2.Hisredfacesuggestedthathe_______alie.
A.toldB.tellC.tellsD.telling
3.Mysuggestionisthathe__afewpeople tohelpthem.A.sendsB.sendingC.sendD.besent
16.ButIdoagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfrommaterialsthathavebeenrecycled…
但有一点我非常赞同;循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。
1)do:
对动词进行强调,第三人称用does,过去时为did.
1).Doshutup,Georgia,andgetonwithyourhomework.
2).Dowriteandletmeknowhowyou'regettingon.
3)."CanIbuystampshere?
""Well,wedosellthem,butwehaven'tgotanyatthemoment."
4).Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems---infactfarmoreseriousonesthanmobilephonesdo.
5).Hedidmakeabigmistake.