亨格瑞管理会计英文第练习答案05.docx
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亨格瑞管理会计英文第练习答案05
CHAPTER5
COVERAGEOFLEARNINGOBJECTIVES
LEARNINGOBJECTIVE
FUNDA-
MENTALASSIGNMENT
MATERIAL
CRITICALTHINKINGEXERCISESANDEXERCISES
PROBLEMS
CASES,EXCEL,COLLAB.&INTERNETEXERCISES
LO1:
Discriminatebetweenrelevantandirrelevantinformationformakingdecisions.
23,30,37,38
49,50,51,54,57
66
LO2:
Applythedecisionprocesstomakebusinessdecisions.
28,29,39
LO3:
Constructabsorptionandcontribution-marginincomestatementsandidentifytheirrelevance
fordecisionmaking.
A1,B1
24,31,32,33,34,35
48
LO4:
Decidetoacceptorrejectaspecialorderusingthecontributionmargintechnique.
A2,B2
36,40
55,56,62
63,64
LO5:
Explainwhypricingdecisionsdependonthecharacteristicsofthemarket.
A2,B2
25,42
58
LO6:
Identifythefactorsthatinfluencepricingdecisionsinpractice.
26,41
47,52,53
65
LO7:
Computeatargetsalespricebyvariousapproaches,andcomparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheseapproaches.
A3
43,44
LO8:
Usetargetcostingtodecidewhethertoaddanewproduct.
A4,B3
27,45,46
59,60,61
CHAPTER5
RelevantInformationforDecisionMakingwithaFocusonPricingDecisions
5-A1（40-50min.）
1.INDEPENDENCECOMPANY
ContributionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（inthousandsofdollars）
Sales$2,200
Lessvariableexpenses
Directmaterial$400
Directlabor330
Variablemanufacturingoverhead（Schedule1）150
Totalvariablemanufacturingcostof
goodssold$880
Variablesellingexpenses80
Variableadministrativeexpenses25
Totalvariableexpenses985
Contributionmargin$1,215
Lessfixedexpenses:
Fixedmanufacturingoverhead（Schedule2）$345
Sellingexpenses220
Administrativeexpenses119
Totalfixedexpenses684
Operatingincome$531
INDEPENDENCECOMPANY
AbsorptionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（inthousandsofdollars）
Sales$2,200
Lessmanufacturingcostofgoodssold:
Directmaterial$400
Directlabor330
Manufacturingoverhead（Schedules1and2）495
Totalmanufacturingcostofgoodssold1,225
Grossmargin$975
Less:
Sellingexpenses$300
Administrativeexpenses144444
Operatingincome$531
INDEPENDENCECOMPANY
SchedulesofManufacturingOverhead
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（inthousandsofdollars）
Schedule1:
VariableCosts
Supplies$20
Utilities,variableportion40
Indirectlabor,variableportion90$150
Schedule2:
FixedCosts
Utilities,fixedportion$15
Indirectlabor,fixedportion50
Depreciation200
Propertytaxes20
Supervisorysalaries60345
Totalmanufacturingoverhead$495
2.Changeinrevenue$200,000
Changeintotalcontributionmargin:
Contributionmarginratioinpart1
is$1,215÷$2,200=.552
Ratiotimesdecreaseinrevenueis.552×$200,000$110,400
Operatingincomebeforechange531,000
Newoperatingincome$420,600
Thisanalysisisreadilydonebyusingdatafromthecontributionincomestatement.Incontrast,thedataintheabsorptionincomestatementmustbeanalyzedandsplitintovariableandfixedcategoriesbeforetheeffectonoperatingincomecanbeestimated.
5-A2（25-30min.）
1.Acontributionformat,whichissimilartoExhibit5-6,clarifiestheanalysis.
WithoutWith
SpecialEffectofSpecial
OrderSpecialOrderOrder
Units2,000,000150,0002,150,000
TotalPerUnit
Sales$11,000,000$660,000$4.401$11,660,000
Lessvariableexpenses:
Manufacturing$3,500,000$322,500$2.152$3,822,500
Selling&administrative800,00035,250.2353835,250
Totalvariableexpenses$4,300,000$357,750$2.385$4,647,250
Contributionmargin$6,700,000$302,250$2.015$7,002,250
Lessfixedexpenses:
Manufacturing$3,000,00000.00$3,000,000
Selling&administrative2,200,00000.002,200,000
Totalfixedexpenses$5,200,00000.00$5,200,000
Operatingincome$1,500,000$302,250$2.015$1,802,250
1$660,000÷150,000=$4.40
2Regularunitcost=$3,500,000÷2,000,000=$1.75
Logo.40
Variablemanufacturingcosts$2.15
3Regularunitcost=$800,000÷2,000,000=$.40
Lesssalescommissionsnotpaid（3%of$5.50）（.165）
Regularunitcost,excludingsalescommission$.235
2.Operatingincomefromselling7.5%moreunitswouldincreaseby$302,250÷$1,500,000=20.15%.Notealsothattheaveragesellingpriceonregularbusinesswas$5.50.Thefullcost,includingsellingandadministrativeexpenses,was$4.75.The$4.75,plusthe40¢perlogo,lesssavingsincommissionsof.165¢cameto$4.985.Thepresidentapparentlywanted$4.985+.08（$4.985）=$4.985+.3988=$5.3838perpen.
Moststudentswillprobablycriticizethepresidentforbeingtoostubborn.Thecosttothecompanywastheforgoingof$302,250ofincomeinordertoprotectthecompany'simageandgeneralmarketposition.Whether$302,250wasawiseinvestmentinthefutureisajudgmentthatmanagersarepaidforrendering.
5-A3（15-20min.）
Thepurposeofthisproblemistounderscoretheideathatanyofanumberofgeneralformulasmightbeusedthat,properlyemployed,wouldachievethesametargetsellingprices.Desiredsales=$7,500,000+$1,500,000=$9,000,000.
Thetargetmarkuppercentagewouldbe:
1.100%ofdirectmaterialsanddirectlaborcostsof$4,500,000.
Computationis:
（$9,000,000-$4,500,000）÷$4,500,000=100%
2.50%ofthefullcostofjobsof$6,000,000.
Computationis:
（$9,000,000-$6,000,000）÷$6,000,000=50%
3.[$9,000,000–（$3,500,000+$1,000,000+$700,000）]÷$5,200,000=73.08%
4.（$9,000,000-$7,500,000）÷$7,500,000=20%
5.[$9,000,000–（$3,500,000+$1,000,000+$700,000+$500,000）]÷$5,700,000=$3,300,000÷$5,700,000=57.9%
Ifthecontractorisunabletomaintaintheseprofitpercentagesconsistently,thedesiredoperatingincomeof$1,500,000cannotbeobtained.
5-A4（15-20minutes）
1.Revenue（$360×70,000）$25,200,000
Totalcostoverproductlife16,000,000
Estimatedcontributiontoprofit$9,200,000
Desired（target）contributiontoprofit
40%×$25,200,00010,080,000
Deficiencyinprofit$880,000
Theproductshouldnotbereleasedtoproduction.
2.Previoustotalestimatedcost$16,000,000
Costsavingsfromsuppliers
.20×.70×$8,000,0001,120,000
Revisedtotalestimatedcost$14,880,000
Revisedtotalcontributiontoprofit:
$25,200,000-$14,880,000$10,320,000
Desired（target）contributiontoprofit10,080,000
Excesscontributiontoprofit$240,000
Theproductshouldbereleasedtoproduction.
3.Previousrevisedtotalestimatedcostfrom
requirement2.$14,880,000
Processimprovementsavings:
.25×.30×$8,000,000$600,000
Lesscostofnewtechnology220,000380,000
Revisedtotalestimatedcost14,500,000
Revisedtotalcontributiontoprofit:
$25,200,000-$14,500,000$10,700,000
Desired（target）contributiontoprofit10,080,000
Excesscontributiontoprofit$620,000
Theproductshouldbereleasedtoproduction.
5-B1（40-50min.）
1.KINGLANDMANUFACTURING
ContributionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（Inthousandsofdollars）
Sales$13,000
Lessvariableexpenses:
Directmaterial$4,000
Directlabor2,000
Variableindirectmanufacturing
costs（Schedule1）960
Totalvariablemanufacturingcostofgoodssold$6,960
Variablesellingexpenses:
Salescommissions$500
Shippingexpenses300800
Variableclericalsalaries400
Totalvariableexpenses8,160
Contributionmargin$4,840
Lessfixedexpenses:
Manufacturing（Schedule2）$702
Selling（advertising）400
Administrative-executivesalaries100
Totalfixedexpenses1,202
Operatingincome$3,638
KINGLANDMANUFACTURING
AbsorptionIncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（Inthousandsofdollars）
Sales$13,000
Lessmanufacturingcostofgoodssold:
Directmaterial$4,000
Directlabor2,000
Indirectmanufacturingcosts
（Schedules1and2）1,6627,662
Grossprofit5,338
Sellingexpenses:
Salescommissions$500
Advertising400
Shippingexpenses300$1,200
Administrativeexpenses:
Executivesalaries$100
Clericalsalaries4005001,700
Operatingincome$3,638
KINGLANDMANUFACTURING
Schedules1and2
IndirectManufacturingCosts
FortheYearEndedDecember31,2009
（Inthousandsofdollars）
Schedule1:
VariableCosts
Cuttingbits$60
Abrasivesformachining100
Indirectlabor800$960
Schedule2:
FixedCosts
Factorysupervisors'salaries$100
Factorymethodsresearch40
Long-termrent,factory100
Fireinsuranceonequipment2
Propertytaxesonequipment30
Depreciationonequipment400
Factorysuperintendent'ssalary30702
Totalindirectmanufacturingcosts$1,662
2.Operatingincomewoulddecreasefrom$3,638,000to$3,268,000:
Decreaseinrevenue$1,000,000
Decreaseintotalcontributionmargin*:
Ratiotimesrevenueis.37×$1,000,000$370,000
Decreaseinfixedexpenses0
Operatingincomebeforeincrease3,638,000
Newoperatingincome$3,268,000
*Contributionmarginratioincontributionincomestatementis$4,840÷$13,000=.37（rounded）.
Theaboveanalysisisreadilycalculatedbyusingdatafromthecontributionincomestatement.Incontrast,thedataintheabsorptionincomestatementmustbeanalyzedanddividedintovariableandfixedcategoriesbeforetheeffectonoperatingincomecanbeestimated.
5-B2（30-40min.）
1.DANUBECOMPANY
IncomeStatement
FortheYearEndedDecember31,20X0
TotalPerUnit
Sales$40,000,000$20.00
Lessvariableexpenses:
Manufacturing$18,000,000
Selling&administrative9,000,00027,000,00013.50
Contributionmargin$13,000,000$6.50
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