Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神.docx

Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神.docx

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Lesson3Anunknowngoddess无名女神

Lesson3Anunknowngoddess无名女神

【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语

◆goddessn.女神

◆archaeologistn.考古学家

◆Aegeanadj.爱琴海的

◆explorev.考察，勘探

◆promontoryn.海角

◆prosperousadj.（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

◆civilizationn.文明

◆storeyn.楼层

◆drainagen.排水

◆worshipn.崇拜

◆sacredadj.宗教的，神圣的

◆fragmentn.碎片

◆remainsn.遗物，遗迹，废墟

◆classicaladj.（希腊罗马）古文化的

◆reconstructv.修复

◆restv.倚放，放置

◆hipn.屁股，臀部

◆full-lengthadj.（裙衣）拖地长的

◆gracefuladj.优雅的

◆identityn.身份

★goddessn.女神

★archaeologistn.考古学家

★Aegeanadj.爱琴海的

★explorev.考察，勘探

Thearchaeologistsareexploringthecave.

explorationn.

explorern.探险家

★promontoryn.海角

★prosperousadj.（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的

Ourfinanceisprosperous.

thriving昌盛的，兴旺的

booming蓬勃的，景气的

flourishing繁茂的，健康的

★civilizationn.文明

highlevelofcivilization高度文明

civilizev.

★storeyn.楼层

★drainagen.排水

★worshipn.崇拜

respect;admire

Whodoyouworshipinthworld?

warshipn.军舰战船

★sacredadj.宗教的，神圣的

holyadj.神圣的，圣洁的

solemnadj.庄严的，庄重的

sacredmusic圣乐

sacredpromise神圣的诺言

★fragmentn.碎片

★remainsn.遗物，遗迹，废墟

★classicaladj.（希腊罗马）古文化的

classicalmusic古典音乐

classicaleducation人文科学教育

classicadj.第一流的

Thisisaclassicexampleofloveatthefirstsight.

classicn.杰作，经典之作

★reconstructv.修复

re-重新，再次

construct构造，建造，组织

buildhouse造建筑物

putupatent

constructasentence

constructabrokenstatuary

erect:

buildhighbuildings

erectmonument建造纪念碑

erectclocktower建造钟楼

setup;establish;found建立

Eg:

setupstudents’union

establishaschool/rule

foundacountry

constructionn.

constructiveadj.有教育意义的

constructorn.建设者

★restv.倚放，放置

★hipn.屁股，臀部

[口]在服用兴奋剂，宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；adj.通晓的，见闻广的

Eg:

Haryisarealhip.玛丽真是赶时髦

Theguyisn’tahip.这家伙什么都不懂

joinedatthehip表示交情极厚的

Eg:

Thesetwoarejoinedatthehip.

shootfromthehip信口开河

Eg:

Sorry,IsaidthatIshouldn’thaveshotfromthehip.

★full-lengthadj.（裙衣）拖地长的

afull-lengthdress

★gracefuladj.优雅的

agracefullady

elegant（behavier）

★identityn.身份

【Text】

§Lesson3Anunknowngoddess无名女神

Listentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.

Howdidthearchaeologistsknowthatthestatuewasagoddess?

Sometimeago，aninterestingdiscoverywasmadebyarchaeologistsontheAegeanislandofKea．AnAmericanteamexploredatemplewhichstandsinanancientcityonthepromontoryofAyiaIrini．Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous，foritenjoyedahighlevelofcivilization．Houses--oftenthree

storeyshigh----werebuiltofstone．Theyhadlargeroomswithbeautifullydecoratedwalls．Thecitywasevenequippedwithadrainagesystem，foragreatmanyclaypipeswerefoundbeneaththenarrowstreets．

ThetemplewhichthearchaeologistsexploredwasusedasaplaceofworshipfromthefifteenthcenturyB.C.untilRomantimes.Inthemostsacredroomofthetemple,clayfragmentsoffifteenstatueswerefound.Eachoftheserepresentedagoddessandhad,atonetime,beenpainted.Thebodyofonestatue

wasfoundamongremainsdatingfromthefifteenthcenturyB.C.ItsmissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsofthefifthcenturyB.C.ThisheadmusthavebeenfoundinClassicaltimesandcarefullypreserved.Itwasveryoldandpreciouseventhen.Whenthearchaeologistsreconstructedthefragments,theywereamazedtofindthatthegoddessturnedouttobeaverymodern-lookingwoman.Shestoodthreefeethighandherhandsrestedonherhip.Shewaswearingafull-lengthskirtwhichswepttheground.Despitehergreatage,shewasverygracefulindeed,but,sofar,thearchaeologistshavebeenunabletodiscoverheridentity.

【课文讲解】

aninterestingdiscovery：

强调discovery，体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出

主动语态难以突出重点archaeologistsmadeaninterestingdiscovery

英文表达：

结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述

AnAmericanteamexploredatemplewhich…

which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple

whichstandsinanancientcityon…

which=that;stand=lie,situate（vt.）locate（vt.）

AnAmericanteamexploredatemplewhichislocated/situatedin…

AnAmericanteamexploredatemplewhichliein…

stand表示高高坐落于，矗立于

Eg:

Shestands1.75m./Agreattreestandsonthemount.

Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous，forit…

for引导原因状语从句，对主句的附加说明

because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因

Eg:

Thedaybrokeforthebirdsweresinging.

atonetime:

表达曾经，一度；过去时态的标志，once

musthavebeen对过去事实肯定的推测

enjoyedahighlevelofcivilization.享有高度文明

with…

Eg:

ayoungmanwithbroadshoulders/anoldladywithblackhair

beautifullydecorated过去分词做定语

abeautifullydressedlady衣着漂亮的女士/adesertedcarpark废弃的停车场

awhitepainteddoor被粉刷成白色的门

现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系

aboyclimbingthetree/thestudentsreadingintheroom

Thecitywasevenequippedwith…for…werefound…

beequippedwith配备，装备

Eg:

thecarwasequippedwithairconditioning.

for引导原因状语从句

beneaththenarrowstreets/underthenarrowstreets

prep.beneath=under正下方

Heisstandingunder/beneaththeumbrella.

under:

在进行中，undercontrol控制之中；underdiscussion讨论之中；underrepairs修理之中

below:

在下方，强调斜下方

Eg:

Sheissittingbelowthewindow.

Thetemplewhich…

beusedas/beusedtobe把…用作为

Eg:

Theboxwasusedasadeskinthesmallvillageschool.

Thewoodenboxwasusedasabookcase.

Thewoodenboxisusedtocontainbooks.

Inthemostsacredroomof…

Eachoftheserepresented…beenpainted.

representvt.代表

Irepresentalltheclassmates.

Thebodyofonestatuewasfound…

dating现在分词，修饰remains

thecustomsdatingfrom1990

datefrom追溯到，从…开始

Thetraditiondatesfromthetimewhenhisgrandfatherwasyoung.

Thecastledatesfromthe14thcentury.

Thecastledatesbacktothecentury.

Itsmissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsof…

happento强调事情的偶然发生

Eg:

Ihappentohavedriventhatkindofcar.我恰巧开过那种汽车。

Hehappenedtofindtheticketinhispocket.他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。

句式：

Ithappensthat……

Eg:

IthappnesthatImetheronmywaytowork

Ihappenedtomeetheronmywaytowork

happenon巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇

Eg:

Ihappendonthisoldpictureinthebackofthedrawer.

Guess,whoIhappendonwhileIwasinLondonlastmonth?

reconstruct:

puttogether,piecetogether,restore

四个形容词:

amazed:

verymuchsurprised

surprised;astonished;amazed;astounded感到惊讶的，语气递增

astonished:

muchsurprised

amazed:

verymuchsurprised惊奇

astounded非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇

tofind…/todiscover…/torealize…

I’mnotsurprisedtoseeyouhere.

turnout表明结果

turnout（tobe）+n./adj.

Eg:

Ourpartyturnedout（tobe）asuccess

theconcertturnedouttobefailure.

Itturnedoutthat…………原来是（表示结果）

that从句，或其他名词从句，it作形式主语

Eg:

Itturnedoutthatthediamondhadbeeninthebankallthetime.

Itturnedoutthathisstatementwasfalse.

asitturnsout人们后来发现

Eg:

Asitturnsout,therewasnotneedtoworry.

Asitturnsout,thereportwasmistaken.人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。

Shestoodthreefeethighandherhandsrestedonthhips.

reston=dependon,leanon

Hishandrestedlightlyonmyshoulder.

whichswepttheground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的

despite/inspiteof+n./动名词

Itisstillaproblemforthearchaeologistsuptonow.

sofar,uptonow都是完成时的标志

discoverheridentity:

findoutheidentity

【Specialdifficulties】

happen（to）,ithappenedthat…

【Multiplechoicequestions】

Comprehension

1Theinterestingdiscoverymadebythearchaeologistswas.

a.thatthecityhadoncebeenprosperous

b.thatthetemplehadbeenusedasaplaceofworship

c.theyfoundthefifteenstatueshadbeenpainted

d.thattheywerenotthefirsttohavefoundtheheadofthegoddess

It’smissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsofthefifthcenturyB.C.’

1.D

2Thecity‘enjoyedahighlevelofcivilization’.Thisisconfirmedbythefactthat.

a.someofthehouseswerebuiltonlyonestoreyhigh

b.agreatnumberoffragmentswerefoundinthetemple

c.thecityhadbeenbuiltonclay

d.advancedtechniqueshadbeenemployedinbuildinganddecorating

Thisisconfirmedbythefactthat引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容。

beemployedin:

被应用在…方面

‘…Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous，foritenjoyedahighlevelofcivilization．Houses--oftenthreestoreyshigh-werebuiltofstone．Theyhadlargeroomswithbeautifullydecoratedwalls．Thecitywasevenequippedwithadrainagesystem…’

3Inseekingtoestablishtheidentityofthereconstructedstatue,thearchaeologists.

a.triedtodeterminewhichgoddessitrepresented

b.piecedtogetherthefragmentstheyfound

c.discoveredthatitwasmoremodernthananyoftheotherstatues

d.wonderedwhetheritbelongedtothefifthorthefifteenthcentury

indoingsth:

在…方面

structure

4Thecityhadonceknown.（ll.4-5）

a,aprosperityb,theprosperousc.theprosperityd.prosperity

重点词汇know:

知道，认识；经历过，曾经有过（=experience）,这是一个文学用语，比experience更加正式

5ThetempleusedasaplaceofworshipsinceRomantimes.（ll.9-10）

a.wasb.hasnotbeenc.hadbeend.wasnot

since:

自从主句的主干时态为现在完成时

6Theyfoundthatthegoddessturnedouttobe…（ll.14-15）

a.surprisinglyb.withsurprisec.totheirsurprised.asurprise

totheirsurprise:

使某人感到惊讶的是（在句中可做独立的状语，句子的主语不必是某个人）

withsurprise:

惊讶地（首先，必须与行为动词连用，其次，句子的主语必须是某个人）

Eg:

Tomygreatdisappointmentthetrainhadalreadyleft.

Withsatisfaction/delight/dismay

Hesmokedhiscigarettewithsatisfaction.

Hewenthomewithdismay.

Toourdismaythepartyprovedtobeafailure.

7beingveryold,shewasverygraceful.（ll.16-17）

a.Althoughb.Inspiteofc.Evend.Eventhough

despite=inspiteof（可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配）

8Sofar,thearchaeologiststodiscoverheridentity.（l.17）

a.havebeenimpossibleb.havenotbeenablec.cannothavebeend.couldnot

sofar现在完成时的标志

如果用posible/imposible,要采用形式主语it

…ithasbeenimpossibleforthearchaeologiststodiscoverheridentity.

Vocabulary

9Inthemostroomofthetemple…（l.10）

a.holyb.religiousc.frighteningd.colourful

原文中用到了sacred（宗教的，神圣的）

religious宗教的