人教版新目标英语八年级上册知识要点.docx
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人教版新目标英语八年级上册知识要点
[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
重点语法:
频率副词
询问别人做某事的频繁程度
提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。
例句:
A:
How often do you watch TV?
(你多长时间看一次电视?
)
B:
I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。
)
A:
What's your favorite program?
(你最喜欢的节目是什么?
)
B:
It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。
)
A:
How often do you watch it?
(你多长时间看一次这个节目?
)
主要频率副词的等级排序:
always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)
隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。
如:
once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once)
twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice)
three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成)
four times a year 一年四次
重点短语:
how often 多久一次
as for 至于;关于
how many 多少(针对可数名词)
how much 多少(针对不可数名词)
of course = sure 当然;确信
look after = take care of = care for 照顾;照看
a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多;大量
every day 每一天
every night 每晚
hardly ever 几乎不
be good for 对……有益
be good for one's health 有益健康
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
get good grades 取得好成绩
help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事
kind of 有点
want [sb.] to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事
keep in good health 保持健康
No two men think alike. 人心各异。
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重点语法:
询问别人如何感觉
了解人体器官和部位的英文名称
了解一些常见病的英文名称
告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做
例句:
A:
What's the matter?
(怎么了?
)
B:
I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。
)I have a cold.(我感冒了。
)
A:
When did it start?
(什么时候开始的?
)
B:
About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。
)
A:
Oh, that's too bad.(哦,这很糟糕。
)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。
)
B:
Yes, I think so.(是的,我是这么认为的。
)
A:
I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。
)
重点短语:
have a cold 患感冒
shouldn't = should not
be stressed out 紧张的;有压力的
a few 有些;几个(针对可数名词)
a little [bit] 有些;几个(针对不可数名词)
at the moment 此刻;现在
What's the matter?
= What's wrong?
= What's the problem?
怎么了?
lie down and rest 躺下休息
see a doctor 看病
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
listen to 听
for example 举个例子
be good for 对……有益
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)……(加形容词)
get tired 感到疲倦
stay healthy 保持健康
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
need to do sth. 需要做某事
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
重点语法:
用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态
强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行
例句:
A:
What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?
(林辉,放假准备干什么呢?
)
B:
I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。
)
A:
That sounds interesting!
(这听起来很有趣。
)What are you doing there?
(你去那里准备干些什么事?
)
B:
I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。
)How about you, Tony?
(你呢,托尼?
)What are you doing for vacation?
(你放假准备干些什么呢?
)
A:
I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。
)
B:
Oh yeah?
(是吗?
)How long are you staying?
(你要去多久啊?
)
A:
Just for four days.(只去四天。
)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。
)
B:
Well, have a good time!
(祝你旅途愉快!
)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!
(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来!
)
A:
Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。
当我们再回学校的时候,再看看你的照片。
)
重点短语:
how long 多久
get back = come back 回来
take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假
a lot = very much 很;非常
be going to do sth. 将要去做某事
sound + adj. 听起来……(加形容词)
sound like + n. 听起来像……(加名词)
have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花时间做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情
go shopping 去购物
leave for 离开去某地
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
重点语法:
询问别人做某事的方式
用 How 引导特殊疑问句
其回答有多种方式,其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。
询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句
回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构。
例句:
A:
How do you get to school?
(你如何去上学?
)
B:
I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。
)
A:
How far is it from your home to school?
(从家到学校多远?
)
B:
It's three miles.(有三英里远。
)
A:
How long does it take you to get from home to school?
(从家到学校需要花多长时间?
)
B:
It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。
)
重点短语:
by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车
how far 多远
depend on 依赖于
by boat = take the boat 乘船
look at 看
by train = take the train 乘火车
by bike = ride one's bike 骑车
by subway =take the subway 乘地铁
by plane = take the plane 乘飞机
on foot 走路
get up 起床
have breakfast 吃早饭
leave for somewhere 离开去某地
take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地
half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时(三十分钟)
around the world = all over the world 全世界
get to school 到学校
think of 认为
on weekend 在周末
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
重点语法:
询问并请求某人做某事
例句:
A:
Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。
)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?
(周六你能去看电影吗?
)
B:
I'm sorry, I can't.(对不起,我不能去。
)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。
)
A:
That's too bad.(这太糟了。
)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。
)
B:
Sure, Joe.(当然,乔。
)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。
)
重点短语:
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
come over 来访
study for a test 复习迎考
go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病
have to 不得不;必须(强调客观上)
must 不得不;必须(强调主观上)
help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事
too much + n. 太多(针对不可数名词)
too many + n. 太多(针对可数名词)
much too + adj. 太……(加形容词)
go to the movies 看电影
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
thanks for [doing] sth. 为(做)某事而感谢
go to the dentist 看牙医
be going to do sth. 将要做某事(该事已计划好)
will do sth. 将要做某事(该事尚未计划)
keep quiet 保持安静
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
重点语法:
在两件或多件事物中进行比较
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾的单词直接加r,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成,最高级是在形容词前加 the ,形容词后加 -est(以e结尾的单词直接加st,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。
(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级;small → smaller → the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级)
当一个单词有3个或以上音节时,其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构,其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成。
(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级;outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)
例句:
A:
Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。
)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。
)
B:
My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。
)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。
)
A:
Do you look the same?
(你们长相相像吗?
)
B:
No, I'm a little taller than her.(不,我比她高一点。
)
重点短语:
more than 超出……
in common 共同的
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
most of 大多数
in some ways 在某些方面
the same as 与……一样
make sb. + adj. 让某人(感觉)……(加形容词)
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事
begin with 以……开始
each other 互相
enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴
spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
on a farm 在农场
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
重点语法:
描述一个过程
服从别人的指令
询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。
例句:
A:
How do you make fruit salad?
(如何做水果沙拉?
)
B:
First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。
)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。
)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。
) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。
)
重点短语:
turn on 打开(电器)[闭合开关]
turn off 关闭(电器)[断开开关]
cut up 切碎
mix up 混合
add ... to ... 把……加到……上
pour ... into ... 把……浇到……里面
put ... in ... 把……放到……里面
put ... on ... 把……放到……上面
a cup of 一杯
a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
重点语法:
一般过去时态
结构:
主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语
谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态
do/does 的一般过去时态形式:
did
例句:
Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。
)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。
)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。
)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。
)
重点短语:
hang out 闲逛
sleep late 睡过头
take photos = take pictures 照相
have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
at the end of 在……的尽头
the class monitor 班长
a day off 一整天
go for a drive 开车兜风
have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
a bowl of 一碗
help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事
一些不规则动词的原形和过去式:
hang → hung
buy → bought
sleep → slept
read/ri:
d/ → read/red/
Unit 9 When was he born?
重点语法:
一般过去时态
谈论著名人物
例句:
A:
How long did Charles Smith hiccup?
(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间?
)
B:
He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。
)
A:
When did he start hiccupping?
(他什么时候开始打嗝的?
)
B:
He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。
)
A:
When did he stop hiccupping?
(他什么时候停止打嗝的?
)
B:
He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。
)
重点短语:
too ... to ... 太……以致不能……
take part in = join 参加
because of 因为……
major in 主修;专研
start doing sth. 开始做某事(该事已计划好)
start to do sth. 开始做某事(该事尚未计划)
spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起
spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调全局)
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.
重点语法:
一般将来时态
do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式:
will do;be going to do
两种形式的区别:
will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做
b