智能小车毕业论文设计外文翻译.docx

智能小车毕业论文设计外文翻译.docx

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智能小车毕业论文设计外文翻译

智能小车-毕业论文（设计）外文翻译

华侨大学厦门工院

本科生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

智能小车软件系统设计

姓名：

魏雄飞

学号：

1102104031

系别：

电气工程信息系

光线的反射系数不同，因此可根据接收到的反射光的强弱来判断道路-黑线。

本设计采用的是简单实用的设计方法，即红外探测法。

红外探测法即利用红外线在不同的物理表面具有不同的反射性质的特点。

在小车行驶的过程中不断向地面发射红外光，当红外光遇到白色地面时发生漫反射，反射光被装在小车上的接受管吸收，如果遇到黑线则红外光被吸收，那么小车上的接受管接受不到信号。

1.2信号比较模块设计

输送给单片机，用于检测传感器的敏感性，当两个传感器同时检测到光时，直线前进，当传感器检测不到光时，处于截止状态。

双运算放大器LM324输出低电平给单片机，由程序处理。

若左路未检测到光，则向左纠正方向；若右路未检测到光，则向右纠正方向。

1.3电机控制与驱动模块设计

由于采用的是双驱动小车，这部分电路必须能够输出两个不同的电压值，分别去控制小车的左、右两个驱动器，使小车的两个车轮的转速和方向相同或不同，从而来控制它的前进和转弯。

在系统的设计过程中，用两个L9110芯片来分别连接单片机和直流机。

L9110是为控制和驱动电机设计的两通道推免式功率放大专用集成电路器件，将分立电路集成在单片IC之中，使外围器件构成成本降低，整机可靠性提高。

该芯片有两个TTL/CMOS兼容电平的输入，具有良好的抗干扰性，两个输出端能直接驱动电机的正反向运动，它具有较大的电流驱动能力，每通道能通过800MA的持续电流，峰值电流可达1.5-2.0A；同时它具有较低的输出饱和压降与静态电流，内置的二极管能释放感性负载的反向冲击电流，使它在驱动继电器、直流电机、步进电机或开关功率管的使用上安全可靠。

循迹小车系统以常见的AT89C51单片机为核心，辅以较简单的元器件和电路设计，在顺利完成循迹功能的前提下，又充分考虑到外观、成本等问题。

因此，小车的大部分电路由于手工焊接完成，在设计中，我们没有在电路中增加冗余的功能，但是保留了各种硬件接口和软件子程序接口，方便以后的扩展和开发。

二：

软件设计

本系统软件采用模块化结构，由主程序、初始化程序、中断子程序、按键发音子程序、按键扫描子程序构成。

2.1寻迹子程序设计

寻迹模块设计是通过把左、右光电传感器的输出端分别接到单片机的P22和P23引脚上，然后通过单片机编程，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转、及停止行驶的目的。

2.2避障子程序设计

避障模块设计是通过把左右红外反射式传感器模块的输出端分别接到单片机的P20和P21引脚上，然后通过单片机编程，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298K控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转、及停止行驶的目的。

2.3遥控子程序设计

遥控模块设计是通过把红外接收头1838的输出端接到单片机的P32引脚上,然后用万能遥控器对其进行遥控，接着让单片机进行解码，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转及停止行驶的目的。

三设计总结

采用单片机为核心，利用光电传感器和红外反射式传感器作为探测系统，设计了可以实现自动寻线行走、自动避障、报警以及遥控等功能的智能小车。

该设计的显著优点是电路简单、可靠性强、成本低，且其功能有易于进一步完善和拓展。

ElectricintelligentcarbasedonSCM

Thesingleslicemachineisalsocalledtinycontroller,isbecauseitwasusedintheindustrytocontrolrealmattheearlieststage.SingleslicemachinefrominsidechiphaveCPUappropriationprocessortodeveloponlysincethen.AttheearlieststageofdesigntheprincipleistopasstointegrateagreatdealofperipheralsandCPUinachip,makingcalculatorsystemsmaller,integratingmoreeasilyintocomplicatedofbuttomentiontorequestastrictcontrolequipmentsinthemiddle.TheINTELZ80istheprocessorwhichdesignedaccordingtothiskindofthoughtattheearlieststage,fromnowon,singleslicethedevelopmentofthemachineandappropriationprocessorwentbydifferentroadsthen.

Thesinglesliceoftheearlierperiodallofmachinesare8or4.Amongthem,theINTELismostsuccessfulof8031,becauseofinbriefdependablebutthefunctionwasquitegoodtoacquireverybiggoodopinion.Henceforthat8031updevelopedMCS51seriesesasingleslicemachinesystem.Accordingtothesinglesliceofthissystemmachinesystemisstillintheextensiveusagetillnow.Becausetheindustrycontrolstheexaltationof[with]realmrequest,startingappearing16singleslicemachine,butbecausesexpricewantedtodon'tgetaveryextensiveapplicationthanthedisregard.Developgreatlyalongwiththeconsumptionelectronicsproductafter90's,thesingleslicemachinetechniquegotahugeexaltation.AlongwiththeextensiveapplicationofINTELi960seriesesespeciallylaterARMseries,the32singleslicemachinereplaces16singleslicethehighlevelpositionofthemachinequickly,andgetsintoanessentialmarket.Andtraditionalof8singleslicethefunctionofthemachinealsogottoflytoraisesoon,handlinganabilitytocomparewithtoraisefewahundredfoldsin80's.Currently,32singlesliceofthehighlevelwithmainmachinealreadyover300MHzs,thefunctionkeepsappropriationprocessorofmakingtrackforthemid90's,andthecommonmodelnumberfactorypricedropintotoUSD1,tallestcarryofmodelnumberalsoonlyUSD10.Thecontemporaryandsingleslicemachinesystemhasalreadynolongerdevelopedandusedjustunderthenakedmachineenvironment,theingreatquantitiesappropriativebuilt-inoperatesystemisappliedextensivelyinthewholeseriesesesofthesinglesliceisonboard.ButBeisingthehighlevelofhandheldPCandcellularphonecoreprocessingsingleslicethemachineevencanuseappropriativeWindowsandtheLinuxoperatesystemdirectly.

Singleslicethemachineratioappropriationprocessoristhemostsuitabletomatchtoapplyinthebuilt-insystem,soitgotthemostapplications.Infactthesingleslicemachineisanamountthemostcalculatorsareintheworld.Themodernmankindarelivingmediumuseofassembleinalmosteachelectronicsandmachineproducthaveasingleslicemachine.Allhave1-2singleslicemachineinthecomputeraccessoriesessuchascellularphone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronicstoy,handheldPCandmouseetc..Andpersonalcomputerinwouldalsocapablenumbernotafewsingleslicethemachinebeworking.Providewithmorethan40departmentsasingleslicemachinegenerallyonthecar,complicatedindustry'scontrolingthetopofthesystemevenmayhassingleseveralhundredpedestalsesslicesmachinetoworkinthemeantime!

SingleslicetheamountofthemachinenotonlyfarabovethePCmachineandothercalculationsofcomprehensive,eventhanthemankind'samountstillwanthaveanother.

OnthebaseofSCM,throughreseachandtorealizeaphotoelectricsensorforsenstivecomponents,withAT89C51ascontrolcoreelectrictracingofintelligentcontrolcarbonylation-thecar,Thesystemisalsoincludingdcmotor,L9110chipsandLM324comparatoretc.ThedesignUSESAT89C51asintelligentcarcorecontrollre.

ThesystemtakesmicrocontrollerascontrolcoreandrealizationofelectricbeforeEnter,back,turnleftandrightturnfunction.ThroughtheanglesensordetectionTheseesawAnglechange,useincrementalPIalgorithmtocontroltheelectriccarforbalance,andusingphotoelectricsensordetectionblackline,maketheelectricityActuationvehicleinthecourseofdrivingkeeplinearmotionanddon’tskipfromatrium.

一.ProjectDesign

Lightbyasensor,therealityofthecarismovingquicklydegrees,bit,buy,transportationlineshapewhenmeasuredquantityofrealcondation,andwillbemeasuredquantitynumberaccordingtopreachsenttomonnolithicmachineintolineprocessing,butbysinglechipmachineaccordingtorealnowtoelectricactuationvehiclewisdorcancontrolsystem.thiskindofsquarecasecanrealnowtoelectricactuationvehicledynamicshapestateintotheshipmentdorealpossessioninsystem,controlsystemspiritalive,candepend,puredegreeishigh,canfullfootofeachitemofthestockingtobeg.straightepidemiologicalspeedistasseledstraightepidemiologicalspeeddepartmentwithplusewidthmodulationexperience.meanwhilegatherspeedisexperience.Meanwhile,itsmainelectricpulsewidthmodulationbyrodasystemtypevariablechangedevice,janesaysPWMvariablechangedevice.AdjustablespeedbyinthedepartmentofPWMexperience.meanwhileopenshutfrequencyrateishigh,onlyonelectrictybarnadoelectrictysenseoffilterwavecanbeusetogentomoveverysmallstraightpulseelectricflow,electrictyflowbarnnadoelectriccapacityeasileventantras,departmentoflowspeedoperationflatexperience.meanwhile,adjustableelectricflowwaveshapethanV-Msystem,beinphasewithflattoallelectricalflowdynamicmachine,electricheatconsumptionandhairlossthanasmall.Withthesamplebyinopenshutfrenquencyrateishigh,andifafastspeedofelectricmachineringshouldmatchclose,fastentasseledphasecanbetogetverywidefrenquencyband,becauseofthefastspeedringshouldgood,dynamicconfigurationsexualcanperturbationresistancecanforceispowerful.Accordingtotheroot,withmorethanensemblecloseandthissetofelectricmachinespeedstraightflowofhair,theexhibitortoadopttheprojectwithasingleextremelyHtypecanbechangedintochangedeviceinversePWMlinespeed.

1.1photoelectricdetectionmoduledesign

Theintelligentcarwasstuckontheblacklinerunningonwhitepaperroad,sothismoduledesignneedtodetectshopontheblackrubberbeltdrivearea,includingrunstraightalongthearcdistrictanddrivingdistricttwoarea,becasureoftheblackandwhitepapertolightreflectioncoefficientisdifferent,canaccordingtoreceivereflectedlight.

Thestrengthofthejudgeroadtheblackline.ThispaperUSESissimpleandpracticaldetectionmethods.namelytheinfrareddetectionmethod.

Infrareddetectionmethod,I,e,useinfraredrayindifferentcolorsofphysicalsurfacewithdifferentreflectionproperties.Inthecardrivingprocesscontinuallytothegroundtolaunchtheinfrared,whentheinfraredmetwhitegroundoccurswhenthereflectedlight,aimlessandlaunchpackedonthecarofreceivingtubereceivinglessthansignal.

1.2signalcomparativemoduledesign

ThispartdesignUSESaLM324comparator,ofsensorsignalvoltagereceivedcompareandamplified,andwillcomparetheresultafterfeedtothemicrocontroller,usedtodetectsensorsensitivity,whentwosensorssimultaneouslydetectlight,straightforward.Whenthesensorcan’tdetectlight,incut-offstate,doubleLM324operationalamplifieroutputlowleveltomicrocontroller,byprogramprocessing,ifleftnotdetectlight,thenleftcorrectdirection;ifthfrighthasnotbeendetectedlight,thenturncorrectdirection.

1.3motorcontrolanddrivingmoduledesign

Becauseuseisdoubledrivecars,thispartofthecircuitmustbeabletooutputoftwodifferentvoltagevalues,respectivelytocontrollingtrolleyrightandlefttwomotordrive,thetwoofthewheelspeedanddirectionofthesameordifferent,thustocontrolitsadvanceandturning.insystemdesignprocess,usetwoL910chipstoconnectSCManddcmotorrespectively.L9110isforcontrolanddrivemotordesigntwochannelspush-pullpowerampliferapplication-specificintegratedcircuitdevice,discretecircutsinmonolithicICintegratedsuchthattheperipheralequipmentsinlowercostandthewholemachinecancarryon