智能小车毕业论文设计外文翻译.docx

1、智能小车毕业论文设计外文翻译智能小车-毕业论文(设计)外文翻译华侨大学厦门工院本科生毕业设计（论文）题 目： 智能小车软件系统设计 姓 名： 魏雄飞 学 号： 1102104031 系 别： 电气工程信息系 光线的反射系数不同，因此可根据接收到的反射光的强弱来判断道路-黑线。本设计采用的是简单实用的设计方法，即红外探测法。红外探测法即利用红外线在不同的物理表面具有不同的反射性质的特点。在小车行驶的过程中不断向地面发射红外光，当红外光遇到白色地面时发生漫反射，反射光被装在小车上的接受管吸收，如果遇到黑线则红外光被吸收，那么小车上的接受管接受不到信号。1.2信号比较模块设计输送给单片机，用于检测传

2、感器的敏感性，当两个传感器同时检测到光时，直线前进，当传感器检测不到光时，处于截止状态。双运算放大器LM324输出低电平给单片机，由程序处理。若左路未检测到光，则向左纠正方向；若右路未检测到光，则向右纠正方向。1.3电机控制与驱动模块设计由于采用的是双驱动小车，这部分电路必须能够输出两个不同的电压值，分别去控制小车的左、右两个驱动器，使小车的两个车轮的转速和方向相同或不同，从而来控制它的前进和转弯。在系统的设计过程中，用两个L9110芯片来分别连接单片机和直流机。L9110是为控制和驱动电机设计的两通道推免式功率放大专用集成电路器件，将分立电路集成在单片IC之中，使外围器件构成成本降低，整机可

3、靠性提高。该芯片有两个TTL/CMOS兼容电平的输入，具有良好的抗干扰性，两个输出端能直接驱动电机的正反向运动，它具有较大的电流驱动能力，每通道能通过800MA的持续电流，峰值电流可达1.5-2.0A；同时它具有较低的输出饱和压降与静态电流，内置的二极管能释放感性负载的反向冲击电流，使它在驱动继电器、直流电机、步进电机或开关功率管的使用上安全可靠。循迹小车系统以常见的AT89C51单片机为核心，辅以较简单的元器件和电路设计，在顺利完成循迹功能的前提下，又充分考虑到外观、成本等问题。因此，小车的大部分电路由于手工焊接完成，在设计中，我们没有在电路中增加冗余的功能，但是保留了各种硬件接口和软件子程

4、序接口，方便以后的扩展和开发。二：软件设计本系统软件采用模块化结构，由主程序、初始化程序、中断子程序、按键发音子程序、按键扫描子程序构成。2.1寻迹子程序设计寻迹模块设计是通过把左、右光电传感器的输出端分别接到单片机的P22和P23引脚上，然后通过单片机编程，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转、及停止行驶的目的。2.2避障子程序设计避障模块设计是通过把左右红外反射式传感器模块的输出端分别接到单片机的P20和P21引脚上，然后通过单片机编程，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298K控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转、及停止行驶的目的。2.3遥控子程序设计

5、遥控模块设计是通过把红外接收头1838的输出端接到单片机的P32引脚上,然后用万能遥控器对其进行遥控，接着让单片机进行解码，产生PWM控制信号，通过L298控制电机的转速，让小车达到前进、左转、右转及停止行驶的目的。三 设计总结采用单片机为核心，利用光电传感器和红外反射式传感器作为探测系统，设计了可以实现自动寻线行走、自动避障、报警以及遥控等功能的智能小车。该设计的显著优点是电路简单、可靠性强、成本低，且其功能有易于进一步完善和拓展。Electric intelligent car based on SCMThe single slice machine is also called tiny

6、 controller, is because it was used in the industry to control realm at the earliest stage.Single slice machine from inside chip have CPU appropriation processor to develop only since then.At the earliest stage of design the principle is to pass to integrate a great deal of peripherals and CPU in a

7、chip, making calculator system smaller, integrating more easily into complicated of but to mention to request a strict control equipments in the middle.The INTEL Z80 is the processor which designed according to this kind of thought at the earliest stage, from now on, single slice the development of

8、the machine and appropriation processor went by different roads then.The single slice of the earlier period all of machines are 8 or 4.Among them, the INTEL is most successful of 8031, because of in brief dependable but the function was quite good to acquire very big good opinion.Henceforth at 8031

9、up developed MCS51 serieses a single slice machine system.According to the single slice of this system machine system is still in the extensive usage till now.Because the industry controls the exaltation ofwith realm request, starting appearing 16 single slice machine, but because sex price wanted t

10、o dont get a very extensive application than the disregard.Develop greatly along with the consumption electronics product after 90s, the single slice machine technique got a huge exaltation.Along with the extensive application of INTEL i 960 serieses especially later ARM series, the 32 single slice

11、machine replaces 16 single slice the high level position of the machine quickly, and gets into an essential market.And traditional of 8 single slice the function of the machine also got to fly to raise soon, handling an ability to compare with to raise few a hundredfolds in 80s.Currently, 32 single

12、slice of the high level with main machine already over 300 MHzs, the function keeps appropriation processor of making track for the mid 90s, and the common model number factory price drop into to USD 1, tallest carry of model number also only USD 10.The contemporary and single slice machine system h

13、as already no longer developed and used just under the naked machine environment, the in great quantities appropriative built-in operate system is applied extensively in the whole serieseses of the single slice is on board.But Be ising the high level of handheld PC and cellular phone core processing

14、 single slice the machine even can use appropriative Windows and the Linux operate system directly.Single slice the machine ratio appropriation processor is the most suitable to match to apply in the built-in system, so it got the most applications.In fact the single slice machine is an amount the m

15、ost calculators are in the world.The modern mankind are living medium use of assemble in almost each electronics and machine product have a single slice machine.All have 1-2 single slice machine in the computer accessorieses such as cellular phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronics

16、 toy, handheld PC and mouse etc.And personal computer in would also capable number not a few single slice the machine be working.Provide with more than 40 departments a single slice machine generally on the car, complicated industrys controling the top of the system even may has single several hundr

17、ed pedestalses slices machine to work in the meantime!Single slice the amount of the machine not only far above the PC machine and other calculations of comprehensive, even than the mankinds amount still want have another.On the base of SCM ,through reseach and to realize a photoelectric sensor for

18、senstive components,with AT89C51 as control core electric tracing of intelligent control carbonylation-the car,The system is also including dc motor,L9110 chips and LM324 comparator etc.The design USES AT89C51 as intelligent car core controllre.The system takes microcontroller as control core and re

19、alization of electric before Enter,back,turn left and right turn function.Through the angle sensor detection The seesaw Angle change,use incremental PI algorithm to control the electric car for balance,and using photoelectric sensor detection black line,make the electricity Actuation vehicle in the

20、course of driving keep linear motion and dont skip from atrium.一.Project DesignLight by a sensor ,the reality of the car is moving quickly degrees,bit,buy,transportation line shape when measured quantity of real condation,and will be measured quantity number according to preach sent to monnolithic m

21、achine into line processing,but by single chip machine according to real now to electric actuation vehicle wisdor can control system .this kind of square case can real now to electric actuation vehicle dynamic shape state into the shipment do real possession in system,control system spirit alive,can

22、 depend,pure degree is high,can full foot of each item of the stocking to beg .straight epidemiological speed is tasseled straight epidemiological speed department with pluse width modulation experience.meanwhile gather speed is experience. Meanwhile, its main electric pulse width modulation by roda

23、 system type variable change device, jane says PWM variable change device. Adjustable speed by in the department of PWM experience.meanwhile open shut frequency rate is high, only on electricty barnado electricty sense of filter wave can be use to gen to move very small straight pulse electric flow

24、,electricty flow barnnado electric capacity easil even tantras, department of low speed operation flat experience .meanwhile,adjustable electric flow wave shape than V-M system, be in phase with flat to all electrical flow dynamic machine ,electric heat consumption and hair loss than a small. With t

25、he sample by in open shut frenquency rate is high, and if a fast speed of electric machine ring should match close, fasten tasseled phase can be to get very wide frenquency band, because of the fast speed ring should good ,dynamic configuration sexual can perturbation resistance can force is powerfu

26、l. According to the root, with more than ensemble close and this set of electric machine speed straight flow of hair, the exhibitor to adopt the project with a single extremely H type can be changed into change device inverse PWM line speed.1.1 photoelectric detection module designThe intelligent ca

27、r was stuck on the black line running on white paper road ,so this module design need to detect shop on the black rubber belt drive area, including run straight along the arc district and driving district two area, becasure of the black and white paper to light reflection coefficient is different, c

28、an according to receive reflected light.The strength of the judge road the black line. This paper USES is simple and practical detection methods .namely the infrared detection method.Infrared detection method, I,e, use infrared ray in different colors of physical surface with different reflection pr

29、operties. In the car driving process continually to the ground to launch the infrared, when the infrared met white ground occurs when the reflected light, aimless and launch packed on the car of receiving tube receiving less than signal.1.2 signal comparative module designThis part design USES aLM32

30、4 comparator, of sensor signal voltage received compare and amplified ,and will compare the result after feed to the microcontroller, used to detect sensor sensitivity, when two sensors simultaneously detect light ,straight forward. When the sensor cant detect light, in cut-off state, double LM324 o

31、perational amplifier output low level to microcontroller, by program processing, if left not detect light, then left correct direction; if thf right has not been detected light, then turn correct direction.1.3 motor control and driving module designBecause use is double drive cars ,this part of the

32、circuit must be able to output of two different voltage values, respectively to controlling trolley right and left two motor drive ,the two of the wheel speed and direction of the same or different, thus to control its advance and turning .in system design process, use two L910 chips to connect SCM and dc motor respectively .L9110 is for control and drive motor design two channels push-pull power amplifer application-specific integrated circuit device, discrete circuts in monolithic IC integrated such that the peripheral equipments in lower cost and the whole machine can carry on