六级段落写作练习.docx

六级段落写作练习.docx

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六级段落写作练习

段落写作练习

（一）段落的展开

PRACTICEWITHTOPICSENTENCES

Thetopicsentencestatesthetopicandacontrollingideaconcerningthattopic.Lookatthefollowingexample.

Peoplegivemanyreasonsforowningacar.

Thetopicofthesentenceis“owningacar.”Thecontrollingideais“reasons.”Allthesupportingideasintheparagraphshouldbe“reasonsforowningacar.”

Thefollowingphrasesoronessimilartothesecanbeusedinyourtopicsentencetoexpressthecontrollingidea:

thereasonsfor

thecausesof（theeffectsof）

thestepsfor（theprocedurefor）

theadvantagesof（thedisadvantagesof）

thewaysto（themethodsof）

thedifferentsections（parts,kinds,types）of

thecharacteristics（traits,qualities）of

theproblemsof

theprecautionsfor

thechangesto

ExerciseW1

Lookingattopicsentences

Writeatopicsentenceforeachofthefollowingtopics.Useoneofthephrasesaboveoroneofyourownforyourcontrollingidea.

Examplecatchingcolds

Peoplecanavoidcatchingacoldbytakingcertainprecautions.

Thistopicsentenceincludesthetopic“catchingcolds”andthecontrollingidea“takingprecautions.”

1.owningacar

2.livinginaremotearea

3.studyingabroad

4.accidents

5.airports

6.absenteeism

7.takingexams

8.computers

9.rice

10.camping

ExerciseW2

Checkingtopicsentences

Yourtopicsentenceshouldtellthepersonwhoisreadingyourparagraphwhattheparagraphisabout.Readthefollowingparagraphanddecidewhetherthetopicsentenceisstrongorweak.（Thetopicsentenceisunderlined.）

BaseballisapopularsportintheUnitedStates.Therearetwoteamsofnineplayerseach.Playersononeteamtaketurnsbatting,andtheotherteamtriestoputthebattersout.Thebatterhitstheballandthentriestorunaroundthebasesandget“home”safely.Theotherteamtriestoputthebatteroutbycatchingtheballbeforeithitstheground,throwingtheballtothebasebeforethebattergetsthereorbytaggingthebatterwiththeball.Thebattercanstopatanyoneofthethreebasesifitisimpossibletomakeit“home.”

Thetopicsentenceintheparagraphisweakbecauseittellsusthat“baseballisapopularsport”,buttherestoftheparagraphtellsushowbaseballisplayed.Astrongertopicsentencewouldtellus,thereadersthattheparagraphisgoingtodescribehowbaseballisplayed.Hereisastrongertopicsentence.

Baseball,apopulargameintheUnitedStates,isplayedinthefollowingway.Nowthereaderknowsthattheparagraphwilldescribehowbaseballisplayedinsteadofwhereitisplayedorwhoplaysit,orwhyitispopular.

Readthefollowingparagraphs.Thetopicsentencesareunderlined.Ifthetopicsentenceisweak,rewriteitinthespaceprovided.

1.EventhoughtheproceduresfollowedtoenrollinanAmericanuniversityvaryaccordingtoeachuniversity,somestepsarethesame.First,youshouldcontacttheregistrationofficeoftheuniversityyouwanttoattendtogetthenecessaryformsandinformationconcerningthatparticularuniversity'sentrancerequirements.Thenyoumustfollowthestepsoutlinedintheirresponse.Youwillprobablyhavetosendcopiesofyourhighschooldiploma,getlettersofrecommendation,andwriteanessayonwhyyouwanttostudythere.YoumayhavetoachieveacertainscoreontheTOEFLtestandhaveyourscoresforwardedtotheuniversity.Finally,youwillhavetocontacttheAmericanembassytostarttheprocedurestoobtainastudentvisa.

2.IliketogotothebeachwheneverIhavetheopportunity.Istartthedaybyenjoyingarefreshingswim.ThenIwalkalongthebeachandcollectshells.Lateryou'llfindmerelaxinginthewarmsunshineandmakingsandcastles.ThenIsleepforawhilebeforeIopenthebasketoffoodanddrinksthatIalwayspacktotake.

3.Manystudentscannotaffordacar.Thecitybusserviceusuallypassestheuniversity,sothosestudentscangettoclassonthebus.Manyuniversitieshaveaspecialshuttlebusthatisprovidedforstudenttransportation.Somestudentsliketoridetoclassonbicycles.Thisisgoodexercise.Also,itiseasiertofindaspacetoleaveabicyclethantofindaparkingspaceforacaronacrowdeduniversitycampus.Thosestudentswholiveclosetocampusoroncampuscanenjoyaleisurelywalktotheirclasses.

ExerciseW3

Writingtopicsentences

Thefollowingparagraphsconsistofsupportingideas.Readeachparagraphandaskyourselfwhatisbeingdiscussedordescribed（thetopic）andhowthetopicisapproached（thecontrollingidea）.Thenwriteatopicsentenceforeachparagraph.

1.

Picturesorpostersonthewallmakeadormitoryroomfeelmorelikehome.Arugonthefloorbesidethebedisaniceadditiontoanotherwisecoldandhardfloor.Besidestextbooks,favoritebooksfromhomeonthebookshelfandaphotographortwoofthefamilyonthedeskalsoaddacomfortingtouchtotheimpersonaldormitoryroom.

2.

ThewhitepagesofanAmericantelephonebookgivethephonenumbersofresidences.Thebluepagescontainthenumbersofgovernmentoffices,andtheyellowpageshaveadvertisementsandbusinessnumbers.Therearemapsaswellasindexesatthebackofthebook.Thetelephonebooksoflargercitiesmayprovideseparatebooksfordifferentsectionsofthecity,whilethoseofsmalltownsmayhaveroomtoincludethenumbersfromseveraltownsallinonebook.

3.

First,thefast-foodrestaurantisgoodforpeoplewhomusthaveaquickbitebecauseofabusyschedule.Second,thefoodisinexpensiveyettasty.Apersoncaneatanenjoyablemealoutandstaywithinalimitedbudget.Finally,thefoodisusuallyconsistent.Forexample,acheeseburgerfromawell-knownfast-foodrestaurantlooksandtastesaboutthesamenomatterwhereintheworlditispurchased.Consequently,buyersknowexactlywhattheyaregetting.

PRACTICEWITHSUPPORTINGIDEAS

Yourtopicsentencetellsthereaderwhattheparagraphwillbeabout.Theideasstatedintherestoftheparagraphshouldallrefertothegiventopicandthecontrollingidea.Lookatthefollowingexample.

Therearemanywaystoeatpeanutbutter.Youcanspreaditonasliceofbreadlikebutter,oryoucanmakeitintoasandwichwithjam.Peanutbuttercanbeamajoringredientofverytastycookiesaswellascakesandcandies.Itisdeliciousinicecream.PeanutbutterwasinventedbyGeorgeWashingtonCarver.Myfavoritewaytoeatpeanutbutteristolickitoffaspoon.

Ourtopicsentencetellsthereaderthatwearediscussingpeanutbutter.Thecontrollingideais“waysofeatingit.”Allofthesentencesshouldbeaboutwaysofeatingpeanutbutter.Arethey?

No.Thesentence“PeanutbutterwasinventedbyGeorgeWashingtonCarver”doesnotrefertowaysofeatingpeanutbutter.

ExerciseW4

Checkingsupportingideas

Lookatthefollowingoutlines.Circletheletteroftheideathatdoesnotsupportthetopic.

1.Ⅰ.Waystogetridofhiccups

A.breatheintoapaperbag

B.holdyourbreathtothecountof10

C.havesomeonefrightenyou

D.makeanappointmentwithyourdoctor

2.Ⅰ.Stepsforplanningatrip

A.purchasingamap

B.workinglate

C.makinganitinerary

D.reservingaticket

3.Ⅰ.Reasonsforcaraccidents

A.fastdriving

B.drinkinganddriving

C.notfollowingtrafficregulations

D.givingsignals

4.Ⅰ.Advantagesoffsmallapartments

A.goodschoolfacilities

B.easytoclean

C.cheapertofurnish

D.relativelyinexpensive

5.Ⅰ.Characteristicsofagoodrestaurant

A.efficientwaiters

B.tastyfood

C.jacketandtierequired

D.pleasantatmosphere

ExerciseW5

Checkingparagraphsforsupportingideas

Readtheseparagraphsandcrossouttheoneideathatdoesn'tsupportthetopicsentence.

1.Workingatapart-timejobwhilestudyingatauniversityhasmanyadvantages.Ifstudentscangetajobintheirareaofstudy,theyaregainingvaluableexperienceandputtingtheirknowledgetouseimmediately.Theextramoneytheycanearnwillbeusefulformeetingtuitionfeesandenjoyinguniversityactivities.Also,theywillhavethepersonalsatisfactionofhavingcontributedtotheirowneducation.Studentswhoneedextramoneycanholddownafull-timetemporaryjobduringtheirsummervacation.

2.Hobbiesareimportantformanyreasons.First,ahobbycanbeeducational.Forexample,ifthehobbyisstampcollecting,thepersoncanlearnaboutthecountriesoftheworldandevensomeoftheirhistory.Second,engaginginthehobbycanleadtomeetingotherpeoplewiththesameinterests.Apersoncanalsomeetotherpeoplebygoingtoparties.Third,aperson'sfreetimeisbeingusedinapositiveway.Thepersonhasnotimetobeboredorgetintomischiefwhileengagedinthehobby.Finally,somehobbiescanleadtoafuturejob.Apersonwhoenjoysahobby-relatedjobismoresatisfiedwithlife.

3.ThereareseveralfeaturesofspokenEnglishthatmakeitdifficultformetounderstand.First,manywordsarenotpronouncedastheyarespelled,sowhenIlearnnewwordsthroughreading,Isometimesdon'tunderstandthemwhentheyarespoken.Second,nativespeakerscontractwordsandphrases.“Whatareyoudoing?

”becomes“Whachadoin'?

”Inmyopinion,peopleshouldwriteclearly.Third,nativespeakershaveawiderangeofaccents.ABritishaccentisverydifferentfromaTexason