六级段落写作练习.docx

1、六级段落写作练习段落写作练习（一）段落的展开PRACTICE WITH TOPIC SENTENCESThe topic sentence states the topic and a controlling idea concerning that topic. Look at the following example.People give many reasons for owning a car.The topic of the sentence is “owning a car.” The controlling idea is “reasons.” All the support

2、ing ideas in the paragraph should be “reasons for owning a car.”The following phrases or ones similar to these can be used in your topic sentence to express the controlling idea:the reasons forthe causes of (the effects of)the steps for (the procedure for)the advantages of (the disadvantages of)the

3、ways to (the methods of)the different sections (parts, kinds, types) ofthe characteristics (traits, qualities) ofthe problems ofthe precautions forthe changes toExercise W1Looking at topic sentencesWrite a topic sentence for each of the following topics. Use one of the phrases above or one of your o

4、wn for your controlling idea.Example catching coldsPeople can avoid catching a cold by taking certain precautions.This topic sentence includes the topic “catching colds” and the controlling idea “taking precautions.”1. owning a car 2. living in a remote area 3. studying abroad 4. accidents 5. airpor

5、ts 6. absenteeism 7. taking exams 8. computers 9. rice 10. camping Exercise W2Checking topic sentencesYour topic sentence should tell the person who is reading your paragraph what the paragraph is about. Read the following paragraph and decide whether the topic sentence is strong or weak. (The topic

6、 sentence is underlined.)Baseball is a popular sport in the United States. There are two teams of nine players each. Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out. The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely. The oth

7、er team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball. The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home.”The topic sentence in the par

8、agraph is weak because it tells us that “baseball is a popular sport”, but the rest of the paragraph tells us how baseball is played. A stronger topic sentence would tell us, the readers that the paragraph is going to describe how baseball is played. Here is a stronger topic sentence.Baseball, a pop

9、ular game in the United States, is played in the following way. Now the reader knows that the paragraph will describe how baseball is played instead of where it is played or who plays it, or why it is popular.Read the following paragraphs. The topic sentences are underlined. If the topic sentence is

10、 weak, rewrite it in the space provided.1. Even though the procedures followed to enroll in an American university vary according to each university, some steps are the same. First, you should contact the registration office of the university you want to attend to get the necessary forms and informa

11、tion concerning that particular universitys entrance requirements. Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response. You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there. You may have to achieve a

12、 certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university. Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa. 2. I like to go to the beach whenever I have the opportunity. I start the day by enjoying a refreshing swim. The

13、n I walk along the beach and collect shells. Later youll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles. Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take. 3. Many students cannot afford a car. The city bus service usually passes the unive

14、rsity, so those students can get to class on the bus. Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation. Some students like to ride to class on bicycles. This is good exercise. Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space f

15、or a car on a crowded university campus. Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes. Exercise W3Writing topic sentencesThe following paragraphs consist of supporting ideas. Read each paragraph and ask yourself what is being discussed or described

16、 (the topic) and how the topic is approached (the controlling idea). Then write a topic sentence for each paragraph.1. Pictures or posters on the wall make a dormitory room feel more like home. A rug on the floor beside the bed is a nice addition to an otherwise cold and hard floor. Besides textbook

17、s, favorite books from home on the bookshelf and a photograph or two of the family on the desk also add a comforting touch to the impersonal dormitory room.2. The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences. The blue pages contain the numbers of government offices,

18、 and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers. There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book. The telephone books of larger cities may provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several

19、towns all in one book. 3. First, the fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a busy schedule. Second, the food is inexpensive yet tasty. A person can eat an enjoyable meal out and stay within a limited budget. Finally, the food is usually consistent. For example

20、, a cheeseburger from a well-known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same no matter where in the world it is purchased. Consequently, buyers know exactly what they are getting.PRACTICE WITH SUPPORTING IDEASYour topic sentence tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas

21、 stated in the rest of the paragraph should all refer to the given topic and the controlling idea. Look at the following example.There are many ways to eat peanut butter. You can spread it on a slice of bread like butter, or you can make it into a sandwich with jam. Peanut butter can be a major ingr

22、edient of very tasty cookies as well as cakes and candies. It is delicious in ice cream. Peanut butter was invented by George Washington Carver. My favorite way to eat peanut butter is to lick it off a spoon.Our topic sentence tells the reader that we are discussing peanut butter. The controlling id

23、ea is “ways of eating it.” All of the sentences should be about ways of eating peanut butter. Are they? No. The sentence “Peanut butter was invented by George Washington Carver” does not refer to ways of eating peanut butter.Exercise W4Checking supporting ideasLook at the following outlines. Circle

24、the letter of the idea that does not support the topic.1. Ways to get rid of hiccupsA. breathe into a paper bagB. hold your breath to the count of 10C. have someone frighten youD. make an appointment with your doctor2. Steps for planning a tripA. purchasing a mapB. working lateC. making an itinerary

25、D. reserving a ticket3. Reasons for car accidentsA. fast drivingB. drinking and drivingC. not following traffic regulationsD. giving signals4. Advantages off small apartmentsA. good school facilitiesB. easy to cleanC. cheaper to furnishD. relatively inexpensive5. Characteristics of a good restaurant

26、A. efficient waitersB. tasty foodC. jacket and tie requiredD. pleasant atmosphereExercise W5Checking paragraphs for supporting ideasRead these paragraphs and cross out the one idea that doesnt support the topic sentence.1. Working at a part-time job while studying at a university has many advantages

27、. If students can get a job in their area of study, they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately. The extra money they can earn will be useful for meeting tuition fees and enjoying university activities. Also, they will have the personal satisfaction of having

28、contributed to their own education. Students who need extra money can hold down a full-time temporary job during their summer vacation.2. Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries

29、 of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in the hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to parties. Third, a persons free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mi

30、schief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.3. There are several features of spoken English that make it difficult for me to understand. First, many words are not pronounced as they are spelled

31、, so when I learn new words through reading, I sometimes dont understand them when they are spoken. Second, native speakers contract words and phrases. “What are you doing?” becomes “Whacha doin?” In my opinion, people should write clearly. Third, native speakers have a wide range of accents. A British accent is very different from a Texas on