7030411075李萍论文定稿5.docx

7030411075李萍论文定稿5.docx

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7030411075李萍论文定稿5

科学技术学院

NANCHANGUNIVERSITYCOLLEGEOF

SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY

学士学位论文

THESISOFBACHELOR

（2011—2015年）

题目：

OnCulturalDifferencesinNon-verbal

Communication

浅谈非言语交际的文化差异

学科部：

人文学科部

专业：

英语

班级：

11

（2）班

学号：

7030411075

学生姓名：

李萍

指导教师：

黄美英

起讫日期：

2015年2月～2015年5月

浅谈非言语交际的文化差异

专业：

英语  学号：

7030411075  学生姓名：

李萍  指导老师：

黄美英

摘要:

我们日常交流主要分为言语交际和非言语交际，非言语交际指的就是除了言语交际之外的包括肢体语言，面部表情，眼神等等的交际符号，二者在我们的交流过程中都扮演着很重要的角色，但是大多数人往往都会忽略非言语交际的重要性。

非言语交际是我们表达思想，表明态度很重要的载体，而且每个国家的文化都不同，所以我们很有必要对非言语交际进行研究，这样有助于我们更好的进行跨文化交际，也可以帮助我们英语专业的学生更好的了解国外的人文知识及文化背景，同时有效地避免以后我们在跨文化交往过程中出现错误。

本文就中国和外国跨文化交际中的非言语交际进行了深入研究，比如面部表情，眼神，手势，肢体语言等等，本课题主要从这几个方面对中外非言语交际的差异性进行研究比较，明确阐述非言语交际的定义内涵，并指出非言语行为在实际的交际过程中会起到什么样的作用，同时也详细分析国内外非语言交际产生差异的原因以及正确的处理方法，为我们消除跨文化交际的障碍。

关键字：

非言语交际，文化差异

OnCulturalDifferencesinNon-verbalCommunication

Abstract:

Ourdailycommunicationcanbedividedintoverbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication,non-verbalcommunicationmeanscommunicationsymbolsexceptverbalcommunicationincludingbodylanguage,facialexpression,eyecontactandsoon,bothofthemplayimportantrolesduringourcommunicationprocess.However,mostofuswillignoretheimportanceofnon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationistheimportantcarrierbywhichweexpressthoughtsandideas,what’smore,differentcountryhasdifferentcultureinnon-verbalcommunication,soitisofgreatimportanceforustocarryonfurtherinvestigationonnon-verbalcommunication,sothatwecanmakecross-culturalcommunicationmorefluent,asEnglishmajorstudents,wecanunderstandmoreaboutthedifferentcultureandgeneralknowledgeindifferentcountries,atthesametime,wecanavoidmoremistakesincross-culturalcommunication.Inthisthesis,Icarryoninvestigationonnon-verbalcommunicationbetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries,suchasfacialexpression,eyecontact,gesture,bodylanguageandsoon.ThisthesismainlycomparestheculturedifferencesbetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingcountriesintheseaspects,itwillstatethedefinitionofnon-verbalcommunicationclearlyanditsfunctionindailycommunication,inthemeantime,itwillanalyzethereasonsandsolvingmethodstohelpusremovebarriersincross-culturalcommunication.

KeyWords:

Non-verbalCommunication，CulturalDifference

CONTENTS

摘要:

I

Abstract.II

Chapter1Introduction1

1.1BriefIntroductionandDefinitionoftheNon-verbalCommunication1

1.2TheDefinitionofCrossCulturalCommunication1

1.3TheOriginofThisThesis1

Chapter2LiteratureReviews2

Chapter3TheFunctionofNon-verbalCommunication2

3.1Repeating3

3.2Complementing3

3.3Substituing3

3.4Regulating3

3.5Contradicting3

Chapter4CulturalDifferencesinNon-verbalCommunication4

4.1TheCultureDifferenceinBodyLanguage4

4.1.1TheCultureDifferenceinGesture4

4.1.3TheCultureDifferenceinHug5

4.1.4TheCultureDifferenceinKiss6

4.2TheCultureDifferenceinFacialExpressionandEyeContact6

4.3TheCultureDifferenceinSilenceLanguage7

4.4TheCultureDifferenceinSpace8

4.5TheCultureDifferenceinTouch8

Chapter5TheReasonsandResourcesofCulturalDifferencesofNon-verbalCommunication9

5.1ReasonsofCulturalDifferencesofNon-verbalCommunication9

5.2HowtoAvoidMistakesofNon-verbalCommunication10

Chapter6Conclusion11

References13

Acknowledgements14

Chapter1Introduction

1.1BriefIntroductionandDefinitionoftheNon-verbalCommunication

Non-verbalcommunicationplaysanimportantroleincommunication,ithastheeffectofthesupplementaryregulation,what’more,itsometimescanreplaceverballanguagetomakeculturalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationisanoldandyoungtopic,thereasonisthatitshistoryislongerthanverbalcommunication.Beforeverbalcommunication,allofususenon-verbalcommunicationtoexpressemotion.However,thestudyonnon-verbalcommunicationstartedonly50yearsago,andmostpeopleonlypayattentiontobodylanguage.Tillthelate1970’s,non-verbalcommunicationresearchbecomesdeeperandmorecomprehensive,

Therearemanykindsofdefinitionsaboutnon-verbalcommunication,simplyspeaking,non-verbalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationwayswithoutusinglanguage.Therearesomanywaystoexpressemotions,suchasbodylanguage,facialexpress,touchbehavior,gestureandsoon.Thereforewecanrealizethatnon-verbalcommunicationisakindofwideacademicresearchwhichcoversawiderange,fromallthecommunicationwithfacialexpressiontowideenvironment.

1.2TheDefinitionofCrossCulturalCommunication

Crossculturalcommunicationmeanspeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundcomingtogetherandcommunicatingwitheachother,whencommunicating,wehadtouseakindoflanguage,duringcommunicating,peoplenotonlylikeusingverbalcommunication,butalsomeaningfulnon-verbalcommunication.Verbalcommunicationreliesonlanguage,includingwrittenlanguageandspokenlanguagetoconveyemotion,expressinformation.CrossCulturalCommunicationappearedinAmericafirstly,Americaisaimmigrantcountry,peoplefromdifferentcountriesallwanttoprotecttheirownculture,sothemulticulturalsystemcomesintobeing.Inthisaspect,theresearchofcrossculturalcommunicationinChinastartedverylate.Atpresent,thestudyoncrossculturehasbecomeakindofmultidisciplinewhichincludesanthropology,linguistics,psychologyandsoon.

1.3TheOriginofThisThesis

Thisthesisisaboutculturaldifferenceinnon-verbalcommunication,asanEnglishmajorstudent,Ilikestudyingnon-verbalcommunicationandcross-culturecommunication.What’smore,inmycross-culturecommunicationlessons,myteacherhastaughtmelotsofthingsaboutculturaldifferencesinnon-verbalcommunication.Thisthesiswillstateculturaldifferenceofnon-verbalcommunicationbetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingcountriesfromsuchaspectsasfacialexpress,bodylanguage,gesture,space,silencelanguageandsoon.

Chapter2LiteratureReviews

Whenweresearchthenon-verbalcommunication,wecanconsultCharlesDarwin'sTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimaslin1872,thisisthefirstresearchonthenon-verbalbehaviorofanimal.KretschmerpublishedPhysiqueandCharacterandTheVariationoddHumanPhysiqueinthebeginningofthenewcentury,thesetwoworksmadeagreatdifferencetotheresearchofnon-verbalcommunication.Wecanrecognizedthattheresearchonnon-verbalcommunicationonlyemphasisononeaspect.In1952,R.L.BirdwhistellpublishedIntroductiontoKinesics,thisworkrepresentsthatwestarttocombinenon-verbalcommunicationwithinterpersonalrelationship.Peoplestarttorealizetheimportanceofnon-verbalcommunicationinhumanbeing’scommunication.In1960s,ElmanandFriesenputmuchvimontheresearchofthereason,encoding,functionandsoonofnon-verbalcommunication.IntheworkBodyLanguageofMichaelArgyle,hebelievesthatnon-verbalcommunicationisbodylanguage,butintheopinionofAlastairPenacook,non-verbalcommunicationbecomesthecombinesofparalanguage,bodylanguage,gesture,andotherfeatures.

Withthedevelopmentofourcountry,inrecentyears,lotsofresearchersbegintoresearchnon-verbalcommunicationincrossculturalcommunication.Inthelate1980’s,thereappearlotsofliteratureworks,translationworks,essayworksinChina,manyofwhichstarttostressChinesecharacteristics.

Chapter3TheFunctionofNon-verbalCommunication

Communicationofhumanbeingscanbedividedintoverbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunication,ofcourseverbalcommunicationisveryimportantandnormalduringcommunication,butnon-verbalcommunicationistheinseparablepartaswell,peoplealsorelyonlotsofnon-verbalsignstocommunicatewitheachother.Whenwechatwitheachotherfacetoface,wordsandlanguagecanjustexpress30%ofthewholeinformationwhilenon-verbalsymbolscanhelpusstressandrepeatouremotions,andevensometimeswecannotunderstandormisunderstandingthemeaningofthespeakingman,non-verbalsymbolscanletusunderstandtheirmeaning.Asamatteroffact,incross-culturalcommunication,non-verbalcommunicationplaysavitalrole.Especiallywhenwemeetsomedifficultiesincommunication,inthiscase,wecanrealizetheimportanceofnon-verbalsymbols.

Non-verbalcommunicationhasfivemainfunctions:

Repeating,complementing,substituting,regulatingandcontradicting.Whenwecommunicatewitheachother,non-verbalsymbolscanrepeatandstressourlanguage,evenwhenweusenon-verbalsymbolsalone,itcanreplaceslanguagetoexpressouremotionandopinions.

3.1Repeating

Manytimes,non-verbalcommunicationcanrepeatverbalcommunication,weoftenusenon-verbalcommunicationtorepeatourmeaningwhenwetrytoexpresssomethingimportant.Forexample,wecanuseourgesturetostopwhenwesaytheword“Stop”.Wecanuseourfingertodirectacertaindirectionwhenwetellsomeone“Theteachingbuildingisoverthere.”What’smore,whenweputourindexfingertoourlips,thisgesturemeans“Keepsilent”.

However,whenwetrytousenon-verbalbehaviorstorepeatourverbalcommunication,wehavetonoticethedifferencesbetweendifferentcultures,forexample,wealwaysusethumbandfingertomakeacircletorepresent“OK”,itmeansgreat,verygood.However,inJapan,itrepresents“Money”,inFrance,itmeans“Zero”or“Nothing”.Therefore,weshouldmakeclearwhichkindofmeaningthegesturerepresentsindifferentcountries.

3.2Complementing

Complementingissimilartorepeating,althoughwecancommunicatewitheachotheronlybylanguage,complementcanhelpusgetmoreinformation,for