R笔记整理1应用统计软件.docx
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R笔记整理1应用统计软件
>ls()
[1]".Random.seed"
>z=TRUE
>mode(z)逻辑字符
[1]"logical"
>x=c("a","b","c")x赋值
>x
[1]"a""b""c"
>mode(x)x的类型
[1]"character"
>length(x)
[1]3
>y=c("d","e","f")
>y=
+
+y
>y
[1]"d""e""f"
>x+y
Probleminx+y:
Non-numericfirstoperand
Usetraceback()toseethecallstack
>x=c("1","2","3")
>y=c("4","5","6")
>z=c("3","7","9")
>x+y/z
Probleminy/z:
Non-numericfirstoperand
Usetraceback()toseethecallstack
>x
[1]"1""2""3"
>y
[1]"4""5""6"
>z
[1]"3""7""9"
>y=c(9,7,4,10)
>y
[1]97410
>sort(y)排序
[1]47910
>n=100
>x=1:
n-1输出1-99
>x
[1]0123456789101112131415161718192021
2223
[25]24252627282930313233343536373839404142434445
4647
[49]48495051525354555657585960616263646566676869
7071
[73]72737475767778798081828384858687888990919293
9495
[97]96979899
>x=1:
(n-1)
>x
[1]123456789101112131415161718192021222
32425
[26]262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474
84950
[51]515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727
37475
[76]767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979
899
>x=c("Thurday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday")
>rep(x,4)重复4次
[1]"Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday""Monday""Tuesda
y"
[7]"Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday""Monday
"
[13]"Tuesday""Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday
"
[19]"Monday""Tuesday""Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturd
ay"
[25]"Sunday""Monday""Tuesday""Wednesday"
>y=rep(x,length.out=31)长度=31
>y
[1]"Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday""Monday""Tuesday"
[7]"Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday""Monday"
[13]"Tuesday""Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturday""Sunday"
[19]"Monday""Tuesday""Wednesday""Thurday""Friday""Saturday"
[25]"Sunday""Monday""Tuesday""Wednesday""Thurday""Friday"
[31]"Saturday"
>z=c("a","b","c","d","e")
>length(z)
[1]5
>z[-3]去掉第三个元素
[1]"a""b""d""e"
>z[-c(1,3)]去掉第一个,和第三个元素
[1]"b""d""e"
>z[1]
[1]"a"
>z[1]="f"把第一个元素复制为f
>z
[1]"f""b""c""d""e"
>z[c(2,3)]=c("g","h")
>z
[1]"f""g""h""d""e"
>z="z"
>z
[1]"z"
>z=c("a","b","c","d","e")
>z[]="z"
>z
[1]"z""z""z""z""z"
x=numeric(10)取10个数字赋值0
>x
[1]0000000000
pi
[1]3.141593
>x=1:
100
>y=sin(x)
>plot(x,y,type="l")
>plot(x,y)
>plot(x,y,type="b")
x=seq(-2*pi,2*pi,length=1000)
>y=sin(x)
plot(x,y,type="l")
>x=seq(0,10,length=1000)
>plot(x,sqrt(x),type="l")
>plot(x,log(x),type="l")
>plot(x,exp(x),type="l")
age=c(36,50,70,18,35)
>salary=c(2,1,0.8,0.5,3)
>length(salary)
[1]5
>length(age)
[1]5
>salary[age<50]
[1]2.00.53.0
>sum(age>50)
[1]1
>paset("a","b")
Problem:
Couldn'tfindafunctiondefinitionfor"paset"
Usetraceback()toseethecallstack
>paste("a","b")将ab并在一起
[1]"ab"
>paste("a","b",sep=""))
Problem:
Syntaxerror:
Noopeningparenthesisbeforeunbalanced(")")on
inputline1
>paste("a","b",sep="")
[1]"ab"
>paste("a","b",sep="")
[1]"ab"
>paste("a",1:
5,sep="")写出a1-a5
[1]"a1""a2""a3""a4""a5"
>paste("a",1:
5,collapse=".")把,换成.
[1]"a1.a2.a3.a4.a5"
>paste("a",1:
5,sep="",collapse=".")sep=""去掉空格
[1]"a1.a2.a3.a4.a5"
x=paste("a",1:
5,sep="",collapse=".")
>x
[1]"a1.a2.a3.a4.a5"
>length(x)
[1]1
>rm(list=ls())
>ls()
character(0)
>a2=1
>a1=1
>ls()
[1]".Last.value""a1""a2"
>rm(a1,a2)
>ls()
[1]".Last.value"
>x=1:
10
>x
[1]12345678910
>x[]=2
>x
[1]2222222222
>matrix(1:
9,nrow=3,ncol=3)3*3矩阵
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>matrix(1:
9,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=T)
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]123
[2,]456
[3,]789
>
x=matrix(1:
9,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=T)
>dim(x)
[1]33
>length(x)
[1]9
x=matrix(1:
9,3,3)
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>c(x)
[1]123456789
>x=c(2,1)
>y=c(5,6)
>rbind(x,y)
[,1][,2]
x21
y56
>cbind(x,y)
xy
[1,]25
[2,]16
>z=cbind(x,y)
>z
xy
[1,]25
[2,]16
x=matrix(1:
9,3,3)
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>x[2,3]
[1]8
>x[,1]
[1]123
>x[2,]
[1]258
>x[2,c(1,3)]
[1]28
x[]=1
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]111
[2,]111
[3,]111
x+2
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]333
[2,]333
[3,]333
x=matrix(1:
9,3,3)
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>t(x)
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]123
[2,]456
[3,]789
>x=1:
3
>y=rep(1,3)
>x
[1]123
>y
[1]111
>crossprod(x,y)
[,1]
[1,]6
>crossprod(y)内积
[,1]
[1,]3
y=matrix(1,3,4)4行3列矩阵
>y
[,1][,2][,3][,4]
[1,]1111
[2,]1111
[3,]1111
>x%*%y
[,1][,2][,3][,4]
[1,]12121212
[2,]15151515
[3,]18181818
>x*y
Probleminx*y:
Dimensionattributesdonotmatch
Usetraceback()toseethecallstack
>y=matrix(1,3,3)
>y
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]111
[2,]111
[3,]111
>x*y
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>
x=diag(c(1,4,8))
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]100
[2,]040
[3,]008
>solve(x)逆矩阵
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]10.000.000
[2,]00.250.000
[3,]00.000.125
x=matrix(1:
9,3,3)
>x
[,1][,2][,3]
[1,]147
[2,]258
[3,]369
>apply(x,1,mean)行取均值
[1]456
>apply(x,2,mean)列取均值
[1]258
>apply(x,1,max)行取最大值
[1]789