高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题靶向训练.docx
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高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练
专题一阅读理解
第3讲主旨大意题
[真题演练]
A
（2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解D）（导学号58210008）
Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds，itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews，andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored（监控）indifferentways，researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se－mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.
“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia，”saysJonahBerger，ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends，youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”
Researchersanalyzingword－of－mouthcommunication—e－mails，Webpostsandreviews，face－to－faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative（消极的），butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?
Totestforthatpossibility，Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories：
thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste－mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmo
relikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.
Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny，orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety，butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused（激发）onewayortheother，andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle，themorelikelyitwastobeshared，asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook，“Contagious：
WhyThingsCatchOn.”
【语篇解读】 人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。
在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
32．Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?
A．Newsreports.
B．Researchpapers.
C．Privatee－mails.
D．Dailyconversations.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia”可知，像“ifitbleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。
答案：
A
33．WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?
A．They'resociallyinactive.
B．They'regoodattellingstories.
C．They'reinconsiderateofothers.
D．They'recarefulwiththeirwords.
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第二段“...Youcarealotmorehowtheyreact”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”可知，你不想被当作一个“DebbieDowner”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。
答案：
C
34．Whichtendedtobethemoste－mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger'sresearch?
A．Sportsnews.
B．Sciencearticles.
C．Personalaccounts.
D．Financialreviews.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第三段“...articlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。
答案：
B
★35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．SadStoriesTravelFarandWide
B．OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople
C．ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes
D．GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks
解析：
标题归纳题。
根据第一段“Bytrackingpeople'se－mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。
答案：
D
B
（2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D）
Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople，justassometraditionalChineseandThai
personsdo.Therefore，whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops，whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures，silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways，particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample，Russian，French，andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However，Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse，personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasign
ofrespect，particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
Nursesandothercare－giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
32．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?
A．Itimpliesanger.
B．Itpromotesfriendship.
C．Itisculture－specific.
D．Itiscontent－based.
解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章首段首句“Themeaningofsilencevariseamongculturalgroups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。
答案：
C
33．Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?
A．
TheChinese.
B．TheFrench.
C．TheMexicans.
D．TheRussians.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。
答案：
A
34．Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?
A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.
B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.
C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.
D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据末段末句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients...”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。
故选D。
答案：
D
★35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext
?
A．SoundandSilence
B．WhatItMeanstoBeSilent
C．SilencetoNativeAmericans
D．SpeechIsSilver；SilenceIsGold
解析：
标题归纳题。
文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。
故选B。
答案：
B
C
（2015·广东卷，阅读理解C）（导学号58210009）
DanielAnderson，afamouspsychologist，believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluencesonc
hildrenfromthoseofthefamily.Wetendto
blameTV，hesays，forproblemsitdoesn'treallycause，overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren'sminds.
Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild'sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV，childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages（影像）．Instead，theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually，childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore，asmanyteachersagree，childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem，explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet，mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.
Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson，theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn'ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren；ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation，suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.“Achild'sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads，”Andersonsays.
Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision－watchinglowersIQ（智商）scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere，too，Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact，reasearchsuggeststhatit'stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou'resmartyoung，you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reolder，”Andersonsays.Yet，peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.
Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However，byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved，Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。
传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。
而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。
36．BywatchingTV，childrenlearn________.
A．imagesthroughwords
B．morethanexplicitmeanings
C．moreaboutimagesthanwords
D．littleaboutpeople'spsychology
解析：
事实细节题。
根据第二段第三句“Instead，theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.”可知答案为B项。
答案：
B
37．Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild________.
A．onhisown B．withotherkids
C．withhisparentsD．withhisteachers
解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，asmanyteachersagree，childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem，explainingnewwordsandideas.可以推断出答案为C项。
答案：
C
38．Whichofthef
ollowingismostrelatedtochildren'sreadingability?
A．Radio－listening.
B．Television－watching.
C．Parents'readinglist.
D．Parents'educationalbackground.
解析：
事实细节题。
根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Thingslikeparents'educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'sreading.”可知答案为D项。
答案：
D
39．Andersonbelievesthat________.
A．themoreachildwatchesTV，thesmarterheis
B．theyoungerachildis，themorehewatchesTV
C．thesmarterachildis，thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV
D．thelessachildwatchesTV，thebetterheperformsatschool
解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“Ifyou'resmartyoung，you'llwatchlessTVwhenyou'reolder，”可以推断出答案为C项。
答案：
C
★40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A．Toadviseontheeducat
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