开题报告.docx

开题报告.docx

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开题报告

开题报告

AnAnalysisofCommonErrors

inEnglishNewspaperIdiomsTranslation

英文报刊习语汉译常见错误分析

1.FocusingontheTopic

（1）.Purposeofthepresentresearch:

Idiomsareoneoftheimportantcomponentsofthelanguageandalsooneofimportantsourcesofwesternculture.Idioms,thecoreoflanguage,canfullyreflectthehistoryandcultureofanation.

Languagetranslationisnotonlybeneficialtomutualculturalexchangeandalsoconducivetolanguagedeveloping.Thetranslationhastomeettherequirementofthelanguageofourowncountrywithoutchangingitsoriginalmeaning.Idiomstranslationisthebiggestobstacle.Itisahugechallengeforpeopletototallyunderstandtheidiomsandtranslatethemcorrectlyduetothenatureofidioms.Thispaper,fromtheperspectiveofconceptualmetaphor,willfocusontheEnglishnewspaperidiomtranslationanddigouthowtogreatlyreducethetranslationerrorratesandtranslatethemaccuratelysothatwecandeepenourunderstandingofthewesterncultureandimproveourcross-culturalcommunicativecompetence.

（2）.Significanceofthepresentresearch:

Theaccuracyofidiomtranslationwilldirectlyinfluenceonthequalityofthewholetext.WiththeaidofconceptualmetaphortoexplorethecommonerrorsinEnglishnewspaperidiomtranslationandthecauseoftheerrorswillbemoreloyalandaccuratetoexpresstheimageofthemetaphor,imagination,rhetoricaleffectoftheoriginalidioms,aswellastheirlocalethniccharacteristics.SomepeoplehavedonemanyrelevantresearchesabouttheerrorinEnglishnewspapertranslation,almostallofthemfocusedontheerroringrammar,meaningofwordsandlogicandsoon.ThespecialresearchontheerrorinEnglishnewspaperidiomtranslationisquitescarce.ThispaperaimsatresearchingfurtheronthetranslationofidiomsinEnglishnewspaperandmakinguptheblankofrelatedfieldonthebasisoftheessenceofformerpeople’sresearch.

（3）.Summaryofthepresentresearchathomeandabroad:

Theimportanceaswellasthecomplexityofidiomshasarousedgreatinterestsofanumberofscholarsfromallovertheworld.Mostoftheirresearchesputemphasisontheorigin,definition,classificationandfunctionoftheidioms.WhatmakesthispaperspecialisthatitwilltrytodigouttheerrorsofidiomstranslationinEnglishnewspaperbymeansofconceptualmetaphor,whichisfresh,forfewdidthestudybefore.

Earlystudiesofidiomsareabouttheirclassification,characteristicsandtheirfunction.

Firstly,theoriginsofidioms.

Atabroad,thechiefsourcesofidiomsarefromthespeechofthecommonpeople.TherepresentativepersonisBritishlinguistSmith,whopublishedwordsandIdioms,inwhichheexploredtheoriginandconstructionofidioms,alsodividedidiomsfromtheexpressionofemotion，suchasattitude,anger,desireandotherareas.Andhealsodividedthemintoreligion,education,law,literatureandotheraspects,butnevermentionedthemeaningandcomprehensionofidioms.

Athome,TheOriginofEnglishIdiomsandculturewrittenbyLuJianlingpointedoutthatthereweresixsourcesofidioms.Theyarenavigation（forEnglandisanislandcountry,mostoftheiractivitieshappenedonthesea,therearemanyidiomsrelatedtothesea,suchasTosinkorswim,Allatsea）,religion（Englishpeopleareinfluencedbythereligiousculturesincetheywereborn,especiallytheChristianity,thereareidiomslikeAspoorasthechurchmouseandGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves）,theBible（almosteveryEnglishfamilyhasabible,itistheiressentialbook,sothereareTheappleofone’seye,Lioninthepath）,myth（EnglandhadcloserelationshipwithRomeandancientGreek,fableisparticularcommoninEnglish,forexample,Theappleofdiscord）,literaryworks（therearemanyimmortalmasterpieceandwritersinEnglishhistory,thatiswhereLetsleepingdogslieandCarekillthecatfrom）,andmilitary（BitethebulletandThrowabombinto）.

Next,definitionofidioms.

Tothisissue,differentpeoplecomeupwithvariousattitudes.Somedefinitionsfromseveralfamousdictionariesaregivenasfollows:

CambridgeInternationalDictionaryofEnglish:

（1）agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,differentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsown;

（2）theidiomofaparticularperson,place,orstyleofmusic,art,building,etc,istheirparticularandtypicalstyleofexpression.

OxfordAdvancedlearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish:

（1）languageofapaperorcountry,specialcharacterofthis.

（2）successionofwordswhosemeaningisnotobviousthroughknowledgeoftheindividualmeaningoftheconstituentwordsbutmustbelearntasawhole.

Anidiomhardlyallowsvariationinform.Anychangeinanidiomwillmakeitmeaningless.Fromthedefinitionsgivenabove,wecantellthatdespiteofthedifferentexpression,theyallhavetwocommons,first,nomattertheidiomislongorshort,itsformisfixed.Second,itsmeaningdoesn’tcomefromitssinglewordwhichconsistsofanidiom,itshouldbelearntasawhole.

Inrecentwesternworld,NidaEugene,oneofthemostsignificanttranslationscholars,putmuchenergyintothetranslationofidiomsanddiscoveredtheimportancetotranslateidiomsaccurately.HepresentedtwowaystotranslateidiomsinhisbookTowardaScienceofTranslation（1964）.AnotherscholarMonaBaker,whoisfamousforherpracticeoftranslation,summarizedthedifficultiesinidiomtranslationandgavecorrespondingstrategiestoresolvetheseproblemsinherbookInOtherWords:

ACourseBookonTranslation（2000）.

Third,functionofidioms.

AlinguistnamedChitraFernandomentionedinhisbookIdiomsandIdiomaticity（2000）thatidiomshavethreemetafunction,oneisideationalfunction,whichisrelatedtotheconception.Andanotheroneisinterpersonalfunction,itmeansthatpeoplecommunicatewithothersthroughlanguage,foundandmaintaingoodrelationshipthroughlanguage,changehisownviewabouttheworldthroughlanguage,andalsoinfluenceothersthroughlanguage.Thelastfunctionistextualfunction,whichmeanslanguagemakesitcoherentandestablishestherelevanceinthecontext.

Exceptforthethreefunctionslistedabove,ZhangSuyuesummarizedanothertwofunctionsinherarticleFunctionAnalysisofEnglishIdioms.Thefirstoneisculturalcontinuityfunctionwhichmeansthattheidiomsreflecttheculturebackground,mannersandcustoms,cookingcultureandgeographyandsoon.Theotheroneispragmaticfunction.Itfocusesonhowtousethelanguageandfindouttherelationshipbetweenthepeoplewhosharethesimilarkindoflanguage.

Aftersearchingmoreanddeeperinformationaboutthetopic,thepresentauthorfindoutthatinfluencedbuttheinternationaltrend,manyChinesescholarsbegantoputtheirattentiontoidiomsandtherelevantcultural,functionalandpragmaticaspectsofidioms,forexample,EnglishidiomsandBritain&AmericanculturewrittenbyprofessorPingHongandZhangGuoyang.

Afterthat,somelinguistsbegantoexploretheroleandfunctionofEnglishidioms.InthebookEnglishidiomsandinterpersonalsignificancewrittenbyprofessorChangChenguang,heputtheidiomsintothelanguagecommunicationactivities,whichisabigprogressinthestudyofidioms.

OtherscholarslikeZhangPeriniandChengWenboalsodidalotofresearchesaboutidiomsandidiomtranslation.Wecansaythattheprocesstoexploretheidiomsisneverend.

Whenitcomestotheconceptualmetaphor,accordingtothecalculationofShibbles,therehavebeenmorethan4000publicationthrough1970sinthewest.Itwasproposedasatermofrhetoricalinthewest.

Throughoutthehistoryofmetaphordevelopment,AristotlewasthefirstpeopletoputforwardthetheoryinhisbookPoeticsandRhetoric.Heinsistedmetaphorisonlyadecorationoftheliterallanguageandshouldberestrictedtopoetryonly.Histheoryhadsuchgreatinfluencethatforover200years,metaphorhasjustbeenregardedaslanguage.Althoughhisopinionsoundedverylimited,atthattime,Aristotle’stheorypromotedmoreresearchesonmetaphor.

InthebookOntheOriginofLanguagewrittenbyJean-JacquesRousseauandJohnGottfriedHerder,themetaphorwassupposedtothefirstlanguagethathadtobefigurative.

Inthe1930s,I.A.Richardscameupwiththeomnipresentprinciple,inotherwords,metaphorshouldnotberegardedonlyasameansofdecoration,alinguisticphenomenon,butaprocessofthinking.Themeaningofawordiscloselyassociatedwiththemetaphor.

Inthe1980s,themetaphorstudycametoanewstagewiththepublicationoftheinfluentialbookmetaphorsweliveby（Lakoff&Johnson,1980）.Theauthorsconductathoroughandcarefulinvestigationonpeople’sactivity,themodeofthinking,languagesign,andconceptualcategorywiththemetaphortheory.Accordingtotheircalculation,70percentsofmeansofexpressioninourordinarylanguageareoriginatedfromconceptualmetaphor,whichmeans,everyonecancreatemetaphor,andeventhechildrencanlearnandmasterthemetaphorindailylife.It’sabsolutelynecessaryinoureverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandaction.It’samilestoneinthestudyofmetaphor.

Aboveall,wecanconcludethat:

（1）Metaphorhasgonethroughahistoricalprocessfromrhetorictocognition,fromaleveloflanguagetotheconceptualessenceitself.

（2）Thescopetowhichthemetaphorwasappliedwasenlargedfrompoetrytoeverywhereindailyspeechandliterature.

（3）Metaphorplayedaquiteimportantpartinourcoursetoexplorethecultureoftheworld.

Nowadays,metaphorhasdevelopedfromarhetoricaldevicetodiversifyingresearchsubjectwhichcana