The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页.docx

The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页.docx

《The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

TheInfluenceoftheDifferencebetweenEnglishandJapaneseSyntaxonIS12页

TheInfluenceoftheDifferencebetweenEnglishandJapaneseSyntaxonIS

　　Abstract：

Asweallknow，thedifferenceofculturecomespartlyfromthedifferenceofterritory，andtranslatingisbasedoncultures，sowecanworkoutthattranslatingispartlyinfluencedbyterritories，andholdsdifferentfeaturesaccordingtotheirlocations.TheUnitedStateofAmericaislocatedintheWesternhemisphere，whileJapanislocatedintheEasternhemisphere.Thetwocountriesarequitedifferentingeographicallocation，naturalenvironment，climaticcharacteristics，localcustoms，andculturalfeaturesandsoon.ThepresentpaperistalkingaboutsometranslatingfeaturesandstrategiesfromtheperspectiveofEnglishandJapaneselanguagecustoms，takingtheepisodesofahotfilmnamedfrozenasexamples.

　　1.DifferencebetweenAmericaandJapaninnaturalaspects

　　AsAmericaandJapanarerespectivelybelongingtotheWesternhemisphereandtheEasthemisphere，theydifferfromeachotherquitealotinnaturalaspects，suchasgeographicallocation，naturalenvironment，andclimaticcharacteristicsandsoon.

　　1.1Differenceingeographicallocation

　　TheUnitedStatesofAmerica，beinglocatedintheEasthemisphere，SouthernNorthAmerica.ItfacestheAtlanticOceanontheeast，thePacificonthewest，Canadatothenorth，andMexicoandtheGulfofMexicobysouth.Thetotalareaofthecountryis9，372，614squarekilometersanditstotalpopulationisabout283，000，000（2001）.Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict，theDistrictofColumbia，whichistheseatoftheFederalGovernment.TheUnitedStatesistheworld’sthirdorfourthlargestnationbytotalarea，beforeorafterthePeople’sRepublicofChina，dependingonhowtwoterritoriesdisputedbyChinaandIndiaarecounted.Includingonlylandarea，theUnitedStatesisthirdinsizebehindRussiaandChina，justaheadofCanada.ThecommonwealthofPuertoRico，thelargestandmostpopulousU.S.territories，isinthenortheasternCaribbean.Withafewexceptions，suchastheterritoryofGuamandthewesternmostpositionofAlaska，nearlyallofthecountryliesinthewesternhemisphere.

　　ThecoastalplainoftheAtlanticseaboardgiveswayfurtherinlandtodeciduousforestsandtherollinghillsofthePiedmont.TheAppalachianMountainsdividetheeasternseaboardfromtheGreatLakesandthegrasslandsoftheMidwest.TheMississippi-MissouriRiver，theworld’sfourthlongestriversystem，runsmainlynorth-souththroughtheheartofthecountry.Theflat，fertileprairielandoftheGreatPlainsstretchestothewest.TheRockyMountains，atthewesternedgeoftheGreatPlains，extendnorthtosouthacrossthecontinentalUnitedStates，reachingaltitudeshigherthan14，000feet（4，300m）inColorado.TheareatothewestoftheRockiesisdominatedbydesertssuchastheMojaveandtherockyGreatBasin.TheSierraNevadarangerunsparalleltotheRockies，relativelyclosetothePacificcoast.At20，320ft（6，194m），Alaska’sMountMcKinleyisthecountry’stallestpeak.ActivevolcanoesarecommonthroughouttheAlexanderandAleutianIslandsandtheentirestateofHawaiiisbuiltupontropicalvolcanicislands.ThesupervolcanounderlyingYellowstoneNationalParkintheRockiesisthecontinent’slargestvolcanicfeature.　　JapanislocatedinEasternAsia，butJapanisanislandsoitisintheNorthPacificOcean.Japanhasmorethan1000islands，butthethereare4mainislands.HonshuisthelargestislandinJapan.Itholds80percentofthepopulation.TheislandalsohasthecapitalofJapan，Tokyo.TokyoisalsothelargestcityinJapan.Honshualsohastheveryfamouspeak，MountFuji，anditisaninactivevolcano.

　　1.2Differenceinclimate

　　InAmerica，becauseoftheUnitedStates’largesizeandwiderangeofgeographicfeatures，nearlyeverytypeofclimateisrepresented.Theclimateistemperateinmostareas，tropicalinHawaiiandsouthernFlorida，polarinAlaska，semiaridintheGreatPlainswestofthe100thmeridian，desertintheSouthwest，MediterraneanincoastalCalifornia，andaridintheGreatBasin.Extremeweatherisnotuncommon――thestatesborderingtheGulfofMexicoarepronetohurricanesandmostoftheworld’stornadoesoccurwithinthecontinentalUnitedStates.

　　WhileinJapan，duetothelargeNorthSouthextensionofthecountry，theclimatevariesstronglyindifferentregions.Theclimateinmostofthemajorcities，includingTokyo，istemperatetosubtropicsandconsistsoffourseasons.Thewinterismildandthesummerishotandhumid.Thereisarainyseasoninearlysummer，andtyphoonshitpartsofthecountryeveryyearduringlatesummer.TheclimateofthenorthernislandofHokkaidoandtheSeaofJapancoastiscolder，andsnowfallsinlargeamounts.InOkinawa，ontheotherhand，themeantemperatureofJanuaryisawarm17degreeCelsius.TherearealotofearthquakesthatoccurinJapan.Japanhaslotsofearthquakesbecauseitliesonanunstablepartofthecrust.Whenthecrustmoves，itusuallycausesanearthquake.About1000earthquakesoccureachyear，andearthquakesalsocausetsunamis.Atsunamiisahugewave，kindofatidalwave.TyphoonsarealsoabigfactorinJapan.SinceJapanisanisland，alotoftyphoonsandhurricanesoccur.Bothofthemoccurinsummer.Theheavyrainsandwindsusuallydestroythecrops.MassiverainsoccurinJapanfrequentlyandtherainusuallycauseshugeyeartotals.

　　2.Regionalcultureinfluencetranslation

　　Asweallknow，theUnitedStateofAmericaandJapanarequitedifferentingeographicallocation，naturalenvironment，andclimaticcharacteristics，andsodotheirlocalcustoms，andculturalfeatures.Thedifferenceofculturecomespartlyfromthedifferenceofterritory，andtranslatingisbasedoncultures，sowecanworkoutthattranslatingispartlyinfluencedbyterritories，andholdsdifferentfeaturesaccordingtotheirlocations.　　3pareEnglishSyntaxwithJapaneseSyntax

　　EnglishandJapanesearetwokindsofquitedifferentlanguages.Theydifferfromeachotherinmanyaspects，amongwhichsyntaxisthemostobviousdifference.

　　3.1BriefintroductionofEnglishsyntax

　　TherearefivekindsofbasicsentencepatternsinEnglishsimplesentences，i.e.S+Vi，S+Vt+O，S+LV+Predicative，S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir，S+Vt.+O+Opl.Subjects，verbs（intransitiveverbs，transitiveverbs，double-objectverbs，linkverbs，andfactitiveverbs），objectsandcomplementscanbecalledthefundamentalconstituentsofasentence.Acompletesentenceoftenincludetwobasalcomponentsatleastandfouratmost.

　　Themodifiersofthebasalcomponentsincludeattributesoradverbials.Attributescanbeaworld，aphrase，oraclause，beingusedtomodifyanoun；whileadverbialscanbeaworld，aphrase，oraclause，beingusedtomodifytermsbesidethenounorpronoun.Forexample：

　　Attributes：

poorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby.

　　ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.

　　Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk？

　　Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.

　　Peopletherelikesports.

　　Adverbials：

Johnoftencametochatwithme.

　　Hearingthenews，hejumpedwithjoy.

　　Ashewasill，hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.

　　Sheissittingatthedesk，doingherhomework.

　　Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry.

　　Thereisanotherpartnamelyindependentelement，whichhasnogrammaticalrelationshipwithothertermsinasentence.Itcanbetakenoutwithoutaffectingtheintegrityofasentence.Forexample：

　　Oh！

Whatisthat！

（Exclamation）

　　Hehas，alas，failedagain.

　　Comehere，John.（Directaddress）

　　3.2BriefintroductionofJapaneselanguage

　　Japaneseisakindofagglutinativelanguage，belongingtothenaturallanguage.Japanesewordscanbedividedintoautonomouswordandadjunctwordinthelightoffunction.Theautonomouswordistheconceptofacompleteword，whichcanbealoneorwithadjunctwordfollowedup，soastoformasegment.Japaneseisacompact-structuredlanguage，inwhichdependencyliesbetweentwoadjacentsegments，andJapanesedependencyanalysisistodetermineanoptimalcombinationofdependenciesbasedondependencyconstrains.Theautonomouswordincludesnoun，pronoun，andnumeral；alsoincludesverb，adjective，andadjectivalnoun；andadverb，connectionword，continuatives，andinterjection.Theadjunctwordisakindofwordthatmeanstherelationshipbetweenautonomouswords，meaningaddandtheattitudeandthoughtofspeakers.Itcannotconstituteasegmentalone，butcanjustlaybehindtheautonomouswordandformasegmenttogetherwithit.Theadjunctwordmainlyincludesauxiliarywordsandauxiliaryverbs.　　Inaddition，Japanesehasseveralimportantfeaturesasonekindofagglutinativelanguage.First，itreflectseveryword’sstatusandsyntaxfunctionbyrelyingontheadhesionofauxiliarywordsandauxiliaryverbsinsteadoftheinflections，sotheseadhesivecompositionsplayanextremelyimportantroleinJapanesegrammar.Second，somepartsofspeechinJapaneselanguagehaveinflectionsaswell，butthoseinflectionsarenottransformedwithfeatures，numbers，case，ortimedirectly，butwiththeadhesivecompositionbehindthem.Third，theorderofeverypartinaJapanesesentenceisobjective+objective+predicate，butnotsostrict.Sometimes，theobjective，complement，andsubjectivecanexchangetheirlocationswitheachotherwhennecessary，beingdeterminedbywords.Butundernormalconditions，thepredicateisoftenatthelastofasentence.Fourth，themodifiersmustbesituatedbeforethosebeingmodified，thatistosay，theattr