The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页.docx

1、The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS12页The Influence of the Difference between English and Japanese Syntax on IS Abstract：As we all know， the difference of culture comes partly from the difference of territory， and translating is based on cultures， so we can work

2、 out that translating is partly influenced by territories， and holds different features according to their locations. The United State of America is located in the Western hemisphere， while Japan is located in the Eastern hemisphere. The two countries are quite different in geographical location， na

3、tural environment， climatic characteristics， local customs， and cultural features and so on. The present paper is talking about some translating features and strategies from the perspective of English and Japanese language customs， taking the episodes of a hot film named frozen as examples. 1.Differ

4、ence between America and Japan in natural aspects As America and Japan are respectively belonging to the Western hemisphere and the East hemisphere， they differ from each other quite a lot in natural aspects， such as geographical location， natural environment， and climatic characteristics and so on.

5、 1.1 Difference in geographical location The United States of America， being located in the East hemisphere， Southern North America. It faces the Atlantic Ocean on the east， the Pacific on the west， Canada to the north， and Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico by south. The total area of the country is 9，3

6、72，614 square kilometers and its total population is about 283，000，000（2001）. The whole country includes 50 states and a federal district， the District of Columbia， which is the seat of the Federal Government. The United States is the worlds third or fourth largest nation by total area， before or af

7、ter the Peoples Republic of China， depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted. Including only land area， the United States is third in size behind Russia and China， just ahead of Canada. The commonwealth of Puerto Rico， the largest and most populous U.S. territories， is

8、 in the northeastern Caribbean. With a few exceptions， such as the territory of Guam and the westernmost position of Alaska， nearly all of the country lies in the western hemisphere. The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the

9、 Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi-Missouri River， the worlds fourth longest river system， runs mainly north-south through the heart of the country. The flat， fertile prairie land of the Great Plain

10、s stretches to the west. The Rocky Mountains， at the western edge of the Great Plains， extend north to south across the continental United States， reaching altitudes higher than 14，000 feet （4，300 m） in Colorado. The area to the west of the Rockies is dominated by deserts such as the Mojave and the

11、rocky Great Basin. The Sierra Nevada range runs parallel to the Rockies， relatively close to the Pacific coast. At 20，320 ft （6，194 m）， Alaskas Mount McKinley is the countrys tallest peak. Active volcanoes are common throughout the Alexander and Aleutian Islands and the entire state of Hawaii is bui

12、lt upon tropical volcanic islands. The super volcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continents largest volcanic feature. Japan is located in Eastern Asia， but Japan is an island so it is in the North Pacific Ocean. Japan has more than 1000 islands， but the there are 4 mai

13、n islands. Honshu is the largest island in Japan. It holds 80 percent of the population. The island also has the capital of Japan， Tokyo. Tokyo is also the largest city in Japan. Honshu also has the very famous peak， Mount Fuji， and it is an inactive volcano. 1.2 Difference in climate In America， be

14、cause of the United States large size and wide range of geographic features， nearly every type of climate is represented. The climate is temperate in most areas， tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida， polar in Alaska， semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian， desert in the Southwest

15、， Mediterranean in coastal California， and arid in the Great Basin. Extreme weather is not uncommonthe states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes and most of the worlds tornadoes occur within the continental United States. While in Japan， due to the large North South extension of th

16、e country， the climate varies strongly in different regions. The climate in most of the major cities， including Tokyo， is temperate to subtropics and consists of four seasons. The winter is mild and the summer is hot and humid. There is a rainy season in early summer， and typhoons hit parts of the c

17、ountry every year during late summer. The climate of the northern island of Hokkaido and the Sea of Japan coast is colder， and snow falls in large amounts. In Okinawa， on the other hand， the mean temperature of January is a warm 17 degree Celsius. There are a lot of earthquakes that occur in Japan.

18、Japan has lots of earthquakes because it lies on an unstable part of the crust. When the crust moves， it usually causes an earthquake. About 1000 earthquakes occur each year， and earthquakes also cause tsunamis. A tsunami is a huge wave， kind of a tidal wave. Typhoons are also a big factor in Japan.

19、 Since Japan is an island， a lot of typhoons and hurricanes occur. Both of them occur in summer. The heavy rains and winds usually destroy the crops. Massive rains occur in Japan frequently and the rain usually causes huge year totals. 2.Regional culture influence translation As we all know， the Uni

20、ted State of America and Japan are quite different in geographical location， natural environment， and climatic characteristics， and so do their local customs， and cultural features. The difference of culture comes partly from the difference of territory， and translating is based on cultures， so we c

21、an work out that translating is partly influenced by territories， and holds different features according to their locations. 3pare English Syntax with Japanese Syntax English and Japanese are two kinds of quite different languages. They differ from each other in many aspects， among which syntax is t

22、he most obvious difference. 3.1 Brief introduction of English syntax There are five kinds of basic sentence patterns in English simple sentences， i.e. S + Vi， S + Vt + O， S + LV + Predicative， S + Vt + O. indir + O.dir， S + Vt. + O + Opl. Subjects， verbs （intransitive verbs， transitive verbs， double

23、-object verbs， link verbs， and factitive verbs）， objects and complements can be called the fundamental constituents of a sentence. A complete sentence often include two basal components at least and four at most. The modifiers of the basal components include attributes or adverbials. Attributes can

24、be a world， a phrase， or a clause， being used to modify a noun； while adverbials can be a world， a phrase， or a clause， being used to modify terms beside the noun or pronoun. For example： Attributes： poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby. She likes oranges imported from the USA. Have you seen

25、the book on the desk？ The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports. Adverbials： John often came to chat with me. Hearing the news， he jumped with joy. As he was ill， he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk， doing her homework. Whenever he gets drunk， John m

26、akes Mary very angry. There is another part namely independent element， which has no grammatical relationship with other terms in a sentence. It can be taken out without affecting the integrity of a sentence. For example： Oh！ What is that！ （Exclamation） He has， alas， failed again. Come here， John. （

27、Direct address） 3.2 Brief introduction of Japanese language Japanese is a kind of agglutinative language， belonging to the natural language. Japanese words can be divided into autonomous word and adjunct word in the light of function. The autonomous word is the concept of a complete word， which can

28、be alone or with adjunct word followed up， so as to form a segment. Japanese is a compact-structured language， in which dependency lies between two adjacent segments， and Japanese dependency analysis is to determine an optimal combination of dependencies based on dependency constrains. The autonomou

29、s word includes noun， pronoun， and numeral； also includes verb， adjective， and adjectival noun； and adverb， connection word， continuatives， and interjection. The adjunct word is a kind of word that means the relationship between autonomous words， meaning add and the attitude and thought of speakers.

30、 It can not constitute a segment alone， but can just lay behind the autonomous word and form a segment together with it. The adjunct word mainly includes auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs. In addition， Japanese has several important features as one kind of agglutinative language. First， it reflect

31、s every words status and syntax function by relying on the adhesion of auxiliary words and auxiliary verbs instead of the inflections， so these adhesive compositions play an extremely important role in Japanese grammar. Second， some parts of speech in Japanese language have inflections as well， but

32、those inflections are not transformed with features， numbers， case， or time directly， but with the adhesive composition behind them. Third， the order of every part in a Japanese sentence is objective + objective + predicate， but not so strict. Sometimes， the objective， complement， and subjective can exchange their locations with each other when necessary， being determined by words. But under normal conditions， the predicate is often at the last of a sentence. Fourth， the modifiers must be situated before those being modified， that is to say， the attr