翻译.docx

翻译.docx

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翻译

外文文献资料

Fromtheworldofradiointheworldtoasinglechip

1.Radiohascreatedgenerationsofexcellenceintheworld

Fiftiesandsixtiesinthe20thcentury,themostrepresentativeoftheadvancedelectronictechnologyiswirelesstechnology,includingradiobroadcasting,radio,wirelesscommunications（telegraph）,AmateurRadio,radiopositioning,navigationandothertelemetry,remotecontrol,remotetechnology.Earlythattheseelectronictechnologyledmanyyoungpeopleintothewonderfuldigitalworld,radioshowwasawonderfullife,theprospectsforscienceandtechnology.Electronicsbegantoformanewdiscipline.Radioelectronics,wirelesscommunicationsbegane-worldjourney.

Radiotechnologynotonlyasarepresentativeofadvancedscienceandtechnologyatthattime，butalsofrompopulartoprofessionalfieldsofscience,attractingtheyoungpeopleandenablethemtofindalotoffun.Orefromthebedsidetotheradio；reportissuedfromtheradioamateurradiostations;fromthetelephone,electricbelltotheradiocontrolmodel.Becamepopularyouthradiotechnology,scienceandtechnologyeducationisthemostpopularandmostextensivecontent.Sofar,manyoftheoldergenerationofengineers,experts,Professoroftheyearareradioenthusiasts.Funradiotechnology,radiotechnology,comprehensivetraining,frombasicprinciplesofelectronics,electroniccomponentstotheradio-basedremotecontrol,telemetry,remoteelectronicsystems,hastrainedseveralgenerationsoftechnologicalexcellence.

2.Fromthepopularityoftheradioeratoeraofelectronictechnology

Theearlyradiotechnologytopromotethedevelopmentofelectronictechnology，mostnotablyelectronicvacuumtubetechnologytosemiconductorelectronictechnology.Semiconductortechnologytorealizetheactivedeviceminiaturizationandlowcost,somorepopularwithradiotechnologyandinnovation，andtogreatlybroadenthenumberofnon-radio-controlareas.

Thedevelopmentofsemiconductortechnologyleadtotheproductionofintegratedcircuit，formingthemodernelectronictechnologyleapfromdiscreteelectronicsintotheeraoferaofintegratedcircuits.Electronicdesignengineersnolongerusethediscreteelectroniccomponentsdesignedcircuitmodules,anddirectselectionofintegratedcircuitcomponentsconstituteasinglesystem.Theyfreedthedesignofthecircuitunitdedicatedtosystemdesign,greatlyliberatingtheproductiveforcesofscienceandtechnology，promotethewiderspreadofelectronicsystems.Semiconductorintegratedcircuitsinthebasicdigitallogiccircuitsfirstbreakthrough.

Alargenumberofdigitallogiccircuits,suchasgates,counters,timers,shiftregisters,andanalogswitches,comparators,etc.，fortheelectronicdigitalcontrolprovidesexcellentconditionsforthetraditionalmechanicalcontroltoelectroniccontrol.Powerelectronicdevicesandsensortechnologytomaketheoriginaltotheradioasthecenterofelectronictechnologyturnedtomechanicalengineeringinthefieldofdigitalcontrolsystems,testinginthefieldofinformationcollection,movementofelectricalmechanicalservodrivecontrolobject.

Semiconductorandintegratedcircuittechnologywillbringusauniversalageofelectronictechnology,wirelesstechnologyasthefieldofelectronictechnologyapartof.

70yearsintothe20thcentury,largescaleintegratedcircuitappearedtopromotetheconventionalelectroniccircuitunit-specificelectronicsystemsdevelopment.Manyelectronicsystemsunitintoadedicatedintegrateddevicessuchasradios，electronicclocks,calculators,electronicengineersintheseareasfromthecircuit,thesystemdesignedtodebugintothedeviceselection,peripheraldeviceadapterwork.Electronictechnology,andelectronicproductsenriched,electronicengineerstoreducethedifficulty,butatthesametime,radiotechnology,electronictechnologyhasweakenedthecharm.Thedevelopmentofsemiconductorintegratedcircuitsclassicalelectronicsystemsarematuring,remaininthelargescaleintegratedcircuitotherthantheshrinkingofelectronictechnology,electronictechnologyisnottheolddaysofradiofuntimesandcomprehensiveengineeringtraining.

Fromtheclassiceraofelectronictechnologytomodernelectronictechnologyofthetimes

80yearsintothe20thcentury,thecenturyofeconomicchangeisthemostimportantrevolutioninthecomputer.Thecomputerrevolutioninthemostimportantsignisthebirthofthecomputerembeddedapplications.Moderncomputernumericalrequirementsshouldbeborn.Alongperiodoftime，istodevelopthemassivecomputernumericalduty.Butthecomputershowsthelogicoperation,processing,control,attractingexpertsinthefieldofelectroniccontrol，theywantdevelopmenttomeetthecontrolobjectrequirementsofembeddedapplications,computersystems.Ifyoumeetthemassivedata-processingcomputersystemknownasgeneral-purposecomputersystem,thenthesystemcanbetheembeddedobject（suchasships,aircraft,motorcycles,etc.）inacomputersystemcalledtheembeddedcomputer.Clearly，boththedirectionoftechnologydevelopmentaredifferent.Theformerrequiresmassivedatastorage,handling,processingandanalysisofhigh-speeddatatransmission;whilethelatterrequiresreliableoperationinthetargetenvironment,theexternalphysicalparametersonhigh-speedacquisition,analysisandprocessinglogicandtherapidcontrolofexternalobjects.Itwilladdanearlygeneral-purposecomputerdataacquisitionunit,theoutputdrivercircuitreluctancetoformaheattreatmentfurnacetemperaturecontrolsystem.Thisgeneral-purposecomputersystemisnotpossibleformostoftheelectronicsystemused,andtomakegeneral-purposecomputersystemmeetstherequirementsofembeddedapplications,willinevitablyaffectthedevelopmentofhigh-speednumericprocessing.Inordertosolvethecontradictionbetweenthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology，inthe20thcentury70s,semiconductorexpertsanotherway,infullaccordancewiththeelectronicsystemembeddedcomputerapplicationrequirements,amicro-computer'sbasicsystemonachip,theformationoftheearlySCM（SingleChipMicrocomputer）.Aftertheadventofsinglechipinthecomputerindustrybegantoappearinthegeneral-purposecomputersystemsandembeddedsystemsthetwobranches.Sincethen,boththeembeddedsystem，orgeneral-purposecomputersystemshavebeendevelopedrapidly.

Althoughtheearlygeneral-purposecomputerconvertedtheembeddedcomputersystems,andrealembeddedsystembeganintheemergenceofSCM.Becausethemicrocontrollerisdesignedspecificallyforembeddedapplications,theMCUcanonlyachieveembeddedapplications.MCUembeddedapplicationsthatbestmeetenvironmentalrequirements,forexample,chip-levelphysicalspace,large-scaleintegratedcircuitslow-cost,goodperipheralinterfacebusandoutstandingcontrolofinstruction.

Acomputersystemmicrocontrollercore，embeddedelectronicsystems,intelligentelectronicsystemsforthefoundation.Therefore，thecurrentsinglechipelectronicsysteminwidespreaduseofelectronicsystemstoenablerapidtransitiontotheclassicalmodernintelligentelectronicsystems.

3.Singlechiptocreatethemoderneraofelectronicsystems

3.1.Amicrocontrollerandembeddedsystems

Embeddedcomputersystemsfromembeddedapplications,embeddedsystemsforearlygeneral-purposecomputeradaptedtotheobjectsystemembeddedinavarietyofelectronicsystems,suchastheship'sautopilot,enginemonitoringsystems.Embeddedsystemisprimarilyacomputersystem,followedbyitbeingembeddedintotheobjectsystem,objectsintheobjectsystemtoachieverequireddatacollection,processing,statusdisplay,theoutputcontrolfunctions,asembeddedintheobjectsystem,embeddedsystemcomputerdoesnothaveanindependentformandfunctionofthecomputer.SCMisentirelyinaccordancewiththerequirementsofembeddedsystemdesign,soSCMisthemosttypicalembeddedsystems.SCMistheearlyapplicationoftechnicalrequirementsinaccordancewiththedesignofembeddedcomputerchipintegration,hencethenamesinglechip.Subsequently,theMCUembeddedapplicationstomeetthegrowingdemandsofitscontrolfunctionsandperipheralinterfacefunctions,inparticular,highlightthecontrolfunction,sohasinternationalnamethesinglechipmicrocontroller（MCU,MicrocontrollerUnit）.

3.2.MCUmodernelectronicsystemsconsistingofelectronicsystemswillbecomemainstream

MCUisadevice-levelcomputersystems,itcanbeembeddedintoanyobjectsystemtoachieveintelligentcontrol.Smalltomicro-machinery,suchaswatches,hearingaids.Low-costintegrateddevice-level,low-toafewdollars,tendollars,enoughtospreadtomanycivilianSCMappliances，electronictoystogo.SCMconstitutesamodernelectronicsystemshasin-depthtothehouseholds,arechangingourlives,suchashomeaudio,televisions,washingmachines,microwaveovens,telephones,securitysystems,andairconditioners.SCMinnovationtheoriginalelectronicsystems,suchasmicrowaveovensuseSCM,itcaneasilysettheclock,theprogrammemory,powercontrol;airconditionerafteruseofSCMisnotonlyconvenientforremoteparametersetting,runningautomaticallytransform,frequencycontrolcanbeachieved.Atpresent,manyhouseholdappliancessuchasVCD,DVDonlysinglechiptoachieveitsfunctionmayoccurbefore.

3.3.EmbeddedSystemsledtheentireelectronicsindustry

Currentelectroniccomponentsindustry,inadditiontomicroprocessors,embeddedsystemdevices,themostmodernelectronicsystemsaroundthesupportingcomponentsindustries,suchaskeysusedtomeetthehuman-computerinteraction,LED/LCDdisplaydrivers,