考研英语综合试题.docx

考研英语综合试题.docx

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考研英语综合试题

PartI.Vocabulary（20marks）

SectionOne

Directions:

Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.（10marks）

1.Donwasforcedto____thatJason'srecollectionofthecanoetripwasmuchmoreaccuratethanhisversion.

a.concede

b.secede

c.succeed

d.recede

2.Whenthelocalgrowerdecidedto____theshootsfromthesmallcontainer,prolificflowersresulted!

a.anticipate

b.emancipate

c.reciprocate

d.intercept

3.Atleastone____wasliberatedfromthedensejunglesafteraviolentabductionbykidnappers.

a.perceptive

b.receptive

c.captive

d.interactive

4.Sheremainsthesortofwomanwhohas______allhappinessforherselfandwholivesonlyforaprinciple.

a.resigned

b.abdicated

c.renounced

d.surrendered

5.Idon'tthinktheseflowersare__________toNewEngland.AtleastI'veneverseenthem.

a.ingenuous

b.existent

c.indigenous

d.exigent

6.He_____hisbreakfastandrushedforthetrain.

a.ingested

b.swallowed

c.devoted

d.supped

7.Hestoodattheship’ssternwatchingtheshore______fromview.

a.retrograde

b.retreat

c.recede

d.retract

8.He_____nobonesaboutstatinghisopinionsandcriticizingothers.

a.had

b.went

c.wanted

d.made

9.Weshouldnot_____thepioneeringworkdonebytheseearlyastronomers.

a.disparage

b.dispel

c.display

d.dispassionate

10.ShewantedtojointheexpeditionbutIfrightenedher______.

a.off

b.into

c.away

d.over

11.Wedecidedto______ourjourneyatWashingtonbeforetravelingtoVancouver.

a.stop

b.make

c.rest

d.break

12.Whatdoesthecostofconvertingthepresentbuilding______?

a.runoutof

b.runouton

c.runover

d.runoutat

13.Hesaidhehadbeenbadlydealt______.

a.in

b.by

c.out

d.with

14.Language-learningisa（n）_____initself,quiteapartfromthesocialadvantageitgivesyou.

a.end

b.object

c.goal

d.purpose

15.Thanksfortheinvitation,I’ll_____youuponthatsometimes.

a.accept

b.go

c.take

d.bring

16.Theprofessorbecamesoforceful,so_________inhisexpressionofopinionsthatstudentsbegantoleavehiscourse.

a.dormant

b.credible

c.dogmatic

d.lucid

17.Thedoctororderedthepatientto______allsolidfootforatleast24hours.

a.keepup

b.keepon

c.keepin

d.keepoff

18.Propertyis______ifitisdeliberatelydamagedordestroyedbysomeone.

a.vandalized

b.vanquished

c.hurt

d.vacillated

19.Youcansayaplaceis_____ifitisasfullasitispossibletobe.

a.packedin

b.packedout

c.packedoff

d.packedup

20.Whenyouaskorwonderwhatsomeoneis______,youwanthimorhertoexplainmoreclearlywhatheorsheissuggestingorwhatheorsheactuallymeans.

a.gettingin

b.gettingacross

c.gettingat

d.gettingalong

SectionTwo

Directions:

Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisoneitalicizedword.WritedownitsChineseequivalentintheanswersheet.（10marks）

1.Salienceisbasicallyafunctionoftheoperationofthereflexiveawarenessinvolvedinlanguageuse.

2.Nothingcouldsootheherlaceratedfeelings.

3.Well-educatedpeopleareevenpreparedtomutilatetheirownlanguagetoaccomplishthetasksthatbelongtotheframeofmeaningofactivityathand.

4.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure.

5.OverandoveragainIcitedinstances,pointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.

6.Education,tohaveanymeaningbeyondthepurposeofcreatingwell-informeddunces,mustelicitfromthepupilwhatislatentineveryhumanbeing.

7.IregainedmycomposureandmanagedtosaythatIthoughtshewasright.

8.NewYorkevenpridesitselfonbeingaholdout.

9.Ahighgradeissupposedtocertifycompetenceinphysics.

10.Likeotherswhofallthroughthecracksoftheirparents’makeshiftplans–aweekwithrelatives,adayattheplayground–theyhangout.

11.Itwouldbefoolhardytosellnow.

12.Perhapsit’stheteacher’sfaultifthestudentsareapathetic.

13.Manyspecieshavebeenextirpatedfromthoseareas.

14.Itwas,inthewordsofthejudge,amalevolentactwhichmustbeseverelypunished.

15.Ourinvestigationisstillpending.

16.Itisscandalousthatthepublicshouldbetreatedinthisway.

17.Hehasgothimselfintoabitoftanglefinancially.

18.Variousdeviceswereemployedbytraderstocircumventtheimportrestrictions.

19.Theministerwasfrustratinglyequivocalontheissue.

20.Susandidnotlikethepaintingsattheshowbecausetheyweretoofaroutforher.

PartII.ReadingComprehension（50marks）

SectionOne

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagesandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachstatement.Writedownyouranswersontheanswersheet.（3pointseach）

PassageA

Twotechniqueshaverecentlybeendevelopedtosimplifyresearchandreducethenumberofnonhumanprimatesneededinstudiesofcertaincomplexhormonalreactions.Onetechniqueinvolvestheculturingofprimatepituitarycellsandthecellsofcertainhumantumors.Intheother,animaloviducttissueistransplantedundertheskinoflaboratoryprimates.Bothculturingtechniquescomplementexistingmethodsofstudyingintactanimals.

Withaninvitroculturingtechnique,researchersaredecipheringhowbiochemicalagentsregulatethesecretionofprolactin,thepituitaryhormonethatpromotesmilkproduction.Theculturedcellssurviveforaslongasamonth,andtheydonotrequireserum,acommonlyusedcultureingredientthatcaninfluencecellularfunctionandconfoundstudyresults.Oneprimatepituitaryglandmayyieldenoughcellsforasmanyas72culturedishes,whichotherwisewouldrequireasmanyanimals.

Theothertechniqueallowsscientiststomonitorcellulardifferentiationinthereproductivetractsoffemalemonkeys.Whilefallingshortofthelong-soughtgoalofdevelopinganinvitromodelofthefemalereproductivesystem,thenext-bestalternativewasachieved.Themethodinvolvestransplantingoviducttissuetoaneasilyaccessiblesiteundertheskin,wherethegraftedcellsbehaveexactlyasiftheywereintheirnormalenvironment.Inabout80percentofthegrafts,bloodvesselsinsurroundingabdominalskingrowintoandbeginnourishingtheoviducttissue.Otherwise,thetissueislargelyisolated,walledoffbythesurroundingskin.Acystformsthatshrinksandswellsintandemwithstagesofthemenstrualcycle.Withabout80percentofthegraftsreestablishingthemselvesinthenewsite,asinglemonkeymaybearasmanyas20miniatureoviductsthatareeasilyaccessibleforstudy.Becausesamplesareremovedwithasimpleprocedurerequiringonlylocalanesthesia,scientistscantrackchangesinoviductcellsovershortintervals.Incontrast,repeatedanalysisofcellularchangeswithintheoviductitselfwouldrequireabdominalsurgeryeverytimeasamplewastaken–aprocedurethattheanimalscouldnottolerate.

Scientistsareusingthegraftingtechniquetostudychlamydiainfections,aleadingcauseofinfertilityamongwomen.Byinfectingoviducttissuestransplantedintotheabdominalskinofrhesusmonkeys,researchershopetodeterminehowthebacteriacausepelvicinflammatorydiseaseandlesionsthatobstructtheoviduct.Suchresearchcouldeventuallyleadtothedevelopmentofantibodiestotheinfectiousagentandastrategyforproducingachlamydiavaccine.

1.Thispassagedealsprimarilywith

a.reproductiveorgansofnonhumanprimates

b.diseasesofthepituitaryglands

c.invitrostudiesofpituitaryhormones

d.techniquesforstudyinghormonalreactions

2.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarybenefitofthenewresearchisthat

a.scientistscanstudythepituitaryglandforthefirsttime

b.theproceduresaresimplerandrequirefewerlaboratoryanimals

c.researcherswereabletodiscoverprolactin

d.aninvitromodelofthereproductivesystemwasdeveloped

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueofthetransplantationtechniqueEXCEPT

a.Itpermitsscientiststomonitorchangesfrequently.

b.Thetransplantedcellsgrowastheywouldintheirnormalsite.

c.Thetransplantedcellscanbeeasilygrowninvitro.

d.Thetransplantoperationisusuallysuccessful.

4.Accordingtothepassage,chlamydiacausesinfertilityinwomenby

a.causingtissuechangeswhichblocktheoviduct

b.shrinkingandswellingtissuesinconjunctionwiththemenstrualcycle

c.allowingskintissuetoencystreproductivetissue

d.necessitatingabdominalsurgerytoremovedamagedtissue

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataninvitromodelofthefemalereproductivesystemis

a.currentlyavailablebutprohibitivelyexpensive

b.currentlyavailableandwidelyused

c.theoreticallypossiblebutofnorealscientificvalue

d.theoreticallypossiblebutasyettechnicallyimpossible

PassageB

Humansaretheonlyanimalsthatlaughandweep,forhumansaretheonlyanimalsthatarestruckwiththedifferencebetweenwhatthingsareandwhattheyoughttobe.Weweepatwhatexceedsourexpectationsinseriousmatters;welaughatwhatdisappointsourexpectationsintrifles.Weshedtearsfromsympathywithrealandnecessarydistress;asweburstintolaughterfromwantofsympathywiththatwhichisunreasonableandunnecessary.Tearsarethenaturalandinvoluntaryresponseofthemindovercomebysomesuddenandviolentemotions.Laughteristhesamesortofconvulsiveandinvoluntarymovement,occasionedbymeresurpriseorcontrast.

Theseriousisthestresswhichthemindlaysupontheexpectationofagivenorderofeventsandtheweightattachedtothem.Whenthisstressisincreasedbeyonditsusualintensityandstrainsthefeelingsbytheviolentoppositionofgoodandbad,itbecomesthetragic.Th