高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.docx
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高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句
定语从句也称为形容词性定语从句，用于修饰名词或代词。
而被修饰的名词或代词就是先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose（作主语，宾语，表语等）;引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why（作状语）.
（一）which
which用于修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
Eg:
Hewasreadingabookwhichwasaboutthewar.（主语）
Eg:
Hewasreadingabookwhichhehadboughtfromlondon.（宾语）
▲which引导非限定性定语从句可用于修饰整个主句。
Eg:
Hesetfreethebirdshappily,whichwasacelebrationforhissuccess.
（二）that
that的功能广泛，既可指人又可指物。
但是that不可用于引导非限定性定语从句。
（三）who,whom
who,whom都可修饰表示人的先行词。
who:
主语，宾语
whom：
宾语，介词+whom
Eg:
Thevisitorwho/thatcomeyesterdayisTom.（做主语不可用whon）
FirstcameMarywhom/who/thatfewofushadexpected.（做宾语可用who,that,whom）
It’sJohntowhomyoushouldaddresstherequest.（介词+whom）
=It’sJohnwhom/that/whoyoushouldaddresstherequestto.（介词不在引导词前，所以可用who,that）
只能用that而不能用which的情况：
1先行词是不定代词（如all,nothing,anything等）或先行词被不定代词修饰时。
Eg：
ThatisallthatIknow.
2先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，theonly,thelast等修饰时。
Eg：
ThefirstEnglishthatIreadwasCities.
3先行词既有人又有物时。
Eg:
Thescientistsandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.
4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.
Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?
Whichisthepenthatyoulost?
5当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Chinaisnot thecountrythatitwas.
6当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。
That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow. Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.
只能有which,不能用that的情况：
1关系代词前有介词
Eg:
ThehouseinwhichIliveisverylarge.
但若介词不放在关系代词前，which与that可互换。
=Thehousethat/whichweliveinisverylarge.
2先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时。
Eg:
Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.
3先行词本身为that. Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
4在非限制性定语从句中。
HisEnglish,whichusedtobepoor,isexcellentnow.
（四）whose
whose一般至于名词前，在从句中做定语。
Eg:
GeorgeOrwell,whoserealnamewasEricArthur,wrotemanyessays.
（五）when;where
其实在考试中容易出错的地方是关于when与which,where与which的区别。
只要记住一个黄金法则：
若引导词在从句中做的成分是主语或宾语，就选用which；若是做状语，则用when或where.
Eg:
1.Thepark,whichIlikeverymuch,isdamaged.
2.Thepark,whereIplaywithJane,isdamaged.
3.I’llneverforgetthedaywhichwespenttogether.
4.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
（六）why表原因，多跟在thereason之后。
Eg:
That’sthereasonwhyIwantedtoleave.
关系副词一般可用介词+which替代，why=forwhich,而when,where的变换形式比较灵活，得看具体情况。
Eg：
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImeethim.
=I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichImeethim.
（七）as为特殊关系词
1.as引导非限定性定语从句时先行词也可为整个从句，有时可与which替换。
但as引导的从句位置灵活，可位于句首，句中，句末。
而which引导的从句不可置于句首。
Eg:
Thewomanwasfrombeijing,as/whichtheyknewfromheraccent.
Asweallknow,Jimisamadman.
2.as有一些固定搭配。
Eg:
asiswellknown众所周知；ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述
3.as引导限定性定语从句有thesame…as…（和……一样）,such…as…（像……一样，像……之类）这两个固定搭配。
Eg：
SuchEnglishasisspokenhereisnotBritishEnglish.这里讲的英语不是英式英语。
（主语）
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.我喜欢的书和你所喜欢的一样。
（宾语）
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他已不是过去那个样子了。
（表语）
小结：
做关于定语从句的练习时关键是要先找出先行词，接着要判断引导词在从句中所做的成分，在平常的学习中还要不断积累一些关于引导词的特殊用法，如that。
做完题后要记得把句子读一遍，看其是否通顺，翻译成中文的话符不符合逻辑等。
总之，做题靠的是胆大心细。
Exercise1:
1.Thesciencemuseum,（）wevisitedduringarecenttrip,isverycharming.
AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere
2.Thesciencemuseum（）ImetLily,isverycharming.
AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere
3.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,（）weremadeofsmalldiamonds.
AthehandsofwhomBwhomthehandsofCwhichthehandsofDthehandsofwhich
4.Thefamousbasketballstar（）triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.
AwhereBwhomCwhichDwho
5.Ihavemanyfriends（）somearebusinessmen.
AofthemBfromwhichCwhoofDofwhom
注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.（定语从句）
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（强调句）
定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.（同位语）
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.（定语）
定语从句专练160题
1.Weshouldlearnfromthose___arealwaysreadytohelpothers.
A.whoB.whomC.theyD.that
2.Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho___inChina.
A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hasbeenworking
3.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___toShanghai.
A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.hadgone
4.I,___yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whicham
5.Theoldmanhastwosons,___arelawyers.
A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey
6.Heisamanofgreatknowledge,___muchcanbelearned.
A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom
7Doyouknowtheman___justnow?
A.towhoInoddedB.Inoddedto
C.whomInoddedD.WhomInoddedtohim.
8.Theman___hasgonetoJapan.
A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou
C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
9.Pleasepassmethedictionary___coverisblack.
A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whichof
10.Theradioset___lastweekhasbeenoutoforder.
A.IboughtB.IboughtitC.whichIboughtitD.whatIbought
11.Alltheapples___felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.
A.whichB./C.thatD.they
12.Icantellyou___hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allthat
13.Thisisthebiggestlab___wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
14.Isoxygentheonlygas___helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.what
15.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
16.Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
17.Thismuseumis___youvisitedtheotherday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone
18.Thisisthemuseum___yousawtheotherday.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
19.Itisthethirdtime___latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
20.Itwasin1969___theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when
21.Weoftenthinkofthedays___wespenttogetherontheisland.
A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.duringwhich
22.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,____Ilefttenyearsago?
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when
23.HehasleftBeijing,___ameetingistobeheld.
A.whenB.whereC.asD.which
24.Thisistheveryplace___I’mwishingtolivein.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich
25.Isitinthatfactory_____”RedFlag”carsaremade?
A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.which
26.Ihaveboughtthesamedress____sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.than
27.Canyousolvesuchproblems___raisedbytheaudience?
A.whatwereB.aswereC.thatwereD.whichwere
28.Thereason___hedidn’tcomewas____hewasinjured.
A.that,becauseB.why,thatC.why,becauseD.that,that
29.HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.
A.thatB.asC.itD.what
30.Hisfatherdiedlastyear,____madeitimpossibleforhimtogoabroad.
A.whenB.whichC.asD.that
31.___isnatural,hemarriedMary.
A.ItB.WhatC.WhichD.As
32.Thebuses,____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost
33.All___isneededisasupplyofoil.
A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which
34.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof___hadnotbeencleanedforyears.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
35.Sheheardaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
36.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
37.Thisisoneofthemeans____theelecticenergyisconductedfromoneplacetoanother.
A.bywhichB.bythatC.throughwhichD.throughthat
38.Theplace___youaregoingtovisitistheruinofaplace.
A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whereD.which
39.Thelastriver___theycrossedistwomileswide.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich
40.TheSummerPalaceisoneofthemostbeautifulparks____builtintheQingDynasty.
A.wherewereB.wherewasC.thatwereD.whichwas
41.Thefactory___Iamgoingtoistheplace___mymotherusedtoworkmanyyearsago.
A.where,whereB.where,whichC.which,whereD.that,which
42.Don’ttrustsuchmen____overpraiseyoutoyourface.
A.asB.thatC.whoD.which
43.Theprofessorhastwosons,___areteachinginthesameuniversity.
A.neitherofthemB.eitherofthemC.bothofthemD.bothofwhom
44.Don’tdosuchthings___youarenotsureabout.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
45.Roberisgoodatlanguage,____weallknow.
A.becauseB.forC.asD.since
46.Chinahashundredsofislands,____weallknow.
A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.which
47.Shewrotealettertoherfather,___shemadehersecretknown.
A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.where
48.Oxygenisakindofgas,___wecouldn’tlive.
A.withoutitB.withoutthatC.withoutwhichD.ifnot
49.Matterisanything____
A.thattakeupspaceandhaveweightB.whichtakeupspaceandhaveweight
C.thattakesupspaceandhasweightD.thosetakeupspaceandhaveweight
50.Ihavemanybooks,thebest____wasborrowedbyMary.
A.aboutthemB.ofwhichC.amongthemD.inwhich
51.Sheshowedmetheditionary___shepaidalotofmoney.
A.bywhichB.towhichC.forwhichD.onwhich
52.AbrahamLincolnisaman___Ihavethegreatestrespect.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.forwhom
53.Edisonhadonesuit___verylittlemoney,andwhichheworeuntilitwasthin.
A.whichcostB.whichcostsC.whichwascostD.whichhascosted
54.Thepeople___inthepaperdidnotlikeit,butotherreaderlikeditverymuch.
A.whowaswrittenB.whowerewritten
C.whowerewrittenaboutD.whomwerewrittenabout
55.Finally,thethiefha
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