高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.docx

1、高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句定语从句也称为形容词性定语从句，用于修饰名词或代词。而被修饰的名词或代词就是先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whose(作主语，宾语，表语等); 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why（作状语）.（一）whichwhich用于修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。Eg: He was reading a bookwhich was about the war.(主语)Eg: He was reading a book which he had bought from lond

2、on.(宾语) which 引导非限定性定语从句可用于修饰整个主句。Eg: He set free the birds happily, which was a celebration for his success.(二)that that的功能广泛，既可指人又可指物。但是that不可用于引导非限定性定语从句。(三) who, whomwho, whom都可修饰表示人的先行词。who: 主语，宾语whom：宾语，介词+whomEg: The visitor who/ that come yesterday is Tom.(做主语不可用whon)First came Mary whom/ wh

3、o/ that few of us had expected.(做宾语可用who, that, whom)Its John to whom you should address the request.(介词+whom)=Its John whom/that/who you should address the request to.（介词不在引导词前，所以可用who, that）只能用that而不能用which的情况：1 先行词是不定代词（如all, nothing, anything等）或先行词被不定代词修饰时。Eg：That is all that I know.2 先行词被序数词，形容

4、词最高级，the only, the last 等修饰时。Eg：The first English that I read was Cities.3 先行词既有人又有物时。Eg: The scientists and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.4 .当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost

5、 ?5 当关系代词在从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.6 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.只能有which , 不能用that的情况：1 关系代词前有介词Eg: The house in which I live is very large.但若介词不放在关系代词前，which与that 可互换。= The house that/which

6、we live in is very large.2 先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时。Eg: Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.3 先行词本身为 that.The clock is that which tells the time.4 在非限制性定语从句中。His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.（四）whosewhose一般至于名词前，在从句中做定语。Eg: George Orwell, wh

7、ose real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many essays. (五) when; where其实在考试中容易出错的地方是关于when 与which, where 与 which 的区别。只要记住一个黄金法则：若引导词在从句中做的成分是主语或宾语，就选用which；若是做状语，则用when或where.Eg: 1. The park, which I like very much, is damaged. 2. The park, where I play with Jane, is damaged. 3. Ill never forget the day

8、which we spent together. 4. Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.(六) why表原因，多跟在the reason之后。Eg: Thats the reason why I wanted to leave.关系副词一般可用介词 + which 替代，why = for which, 而when, where的变换形式比较灵活，得看具体情况。Eg：Ill never forget the day when I meet him. = Ill never forget the day on which

9、 I meet him.（七）as为特殊关系词1. as 引导非限定性定语从句时先行词也可为整个从句，有时可与which替换。但as引导的从句位置灵活，可位于句首，句中，句末。而which引导的从句不可置于句首。Eg: The woman was from beijing, as/ which they knew from her accent. As we all know, Jim is a mad man.2. as 有一些固定搭配。Eg: as is well known众所周知；as has been said before如上所述3. as 引导限定性定语从句有the same a

10、s(和一样), suchas(像一样，像之类)这两个固定搭配。Eg：Such English as is spoken here is not British English. 这里讲的英语不是英式英语。（主语） I like the same book as you do. 我喜欢的书和你所喜欢的一样。（宾语） He is not the same man as he was. 他已不是过去那个样子了。（表语）小结：做关于定语从句的练习时关键是要先找出先行词，接着要判断引导词在从句中所做的成分，在平常的学习中还要不断积累一些关于引导词的特殊用法，如that。做完题后要记得把句子读一遍，看其是

11、否通顺，翻译成中文的话符不符合逻辑等。总之，做题靠的是胆大心细。Exercise1:1. The science museum, ( ) we visited during a recent trip, is very charming.A which B what C that D where2. The science museum ( ) I met Lily, is very charming.A which B what C that D where3. The man pulled out a gold watch, ( ) were made of small diamonds.

12、A the hands of whom B whom the hands of C which the hands of D the hands of which4. The famous basketball star( ) tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A where B whom C which D who5. I have many friends( ) some are businessmen.A of them B from which C who of D of whom注意区别定语从句与强调句。 定

13、语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。 强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句） 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that t

14、heir army was defeated.(同位语) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)定语从句专练160题1.We should learn from those_ are always ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. they D. that2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_ in China.A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been w

15、orking3 .Tom is the only one of the students who_ to Shanghai.A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone4.I,_your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am5.The old man has two sons,_ are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D.

16、both of they6.He is a man of great knowledge, _much can be learned.A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom7 Do you know the man_ just now?A. to who I nodded B.I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.8.The man_ has gone to Japan.A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I to

17、ld you about him D.I told you about9.Please pass me the dictionary_ cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of10.The radio set_ last week has been out of order.A.I bought B.I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought11.All the apples_ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.

18、A. which B./ C. that D. they12.I can tell you_ he told me last week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that13.This is the biggest lab_ we have ever built in our university.A. which B. what C. that D. where14.Is oxygen the only gas_ helps fire burn?A. that B./ C. which D. what15.Air,_we brea

19、the every day, is around us all the time.A. that B./ C. which D.it16.This is the museum_ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that17.This museum is_ you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one18.This is the museum _you saw the other day.A. that B. whe

20、re C. in which D. in that 19.It is the third time_ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived20.It was in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when21.We often think of the days_ we spent t

21、ogether on the island.A. when B. which C. in which D. during which22.Have you ever been to Shanghai,_ I left ten years ago?A. where B. which C. that D. when 23.He has left Beijing,_ a meeting is to be held.A. when B. where C. as D. which24.This is the very place_ Im wishing to live in.A. where B. wh

22、ich C. that D. in which25.Is it in that factory_ ”Red Flag” cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which26.I have bought the same dress_ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. than27.Can you solve such problems_ raised by the audience?A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were28.The rea

23、son_he didnt come was_he was injured.A.that,because B.why,that C.why,because D.that,that29.He must be from Africa,_can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.it D.what30.His father died last year,_made it impossible for him to go abroad.A.when B.which C.as D.that31._is natural,he married Mary.A.It B.Wh

24、at C.Which D.As32.The buses,_were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most33.All_is needed is a supply of oil.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which34.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of_had not been cleaned for years.A.

25、these B.those C.that D.which35.She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that36.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person_she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom37.This is one of the means_the electic energy is conducted from one place

26、 to another.A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that38.The place_you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A.in which B.at which C.where D.which39.The last river_they crossed is two miles wide.A.where B.which C.that D.in which40.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks_bui

27、lt in the Qing Dynasty.A.where were B.where was C.that were D.which was41.The factory_I am going to is the place_my mother used to work many years ago.A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which42.Dont trust such men_overpraise you to your face.A.as B.that C.who D.which43.The professor h

28、as two sons,_are teaching in the same university.A.neither of them B.either of them C.both of them D.both of whom44.Dont do such things_you are not sure about.A.that B.which C.as D.what45.Rober is good at language,_we all know.A.because B.for C.as D.since46.China has hundreds of islands,_we all know

29、.A.in which B.at which C.of which D.which47.She wrote a letter to her father,_she made her secret known.A.which B.that C.in which D.where48.Oxygen is a kind of gas,_we couldnt live.A.without it B.without that C.without which D.if not49.Matter is anything_A.that take up space and have weight B.which

30、take up space and have weightC.that takes up space and has weight D.those take up space and have weight50.I have many books,the best_was borrowed by Mary.A.about them B.of which C.among them D.in which 51.She showed me the ditionary_she paid a lot of money.A.by which B.to which C.for which D.on whic

31、h 52.Abraham Lincoln is a man_I have the greatest respect.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.for whom53.Edison had one suit_very little money,and which he wore until it was thin.A.which cost B.which costs C.which was cost D.which has costed54.The people_in the paper did not like it,but other reader liked it very much.A.who was written B.who were written C.who were written about D.whom were written about55.Finally,the thief ha