最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习.docx
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最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习
最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.
DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.
Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.
"Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（蚂蚁）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."
Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.
（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.
A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance
B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers
C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles
D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers
（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.
A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles
B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry
C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert
D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars
（3）Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.
A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan
B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimit
C. canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedown
D. canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings
（4）Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo______.
A. foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficulties
B. foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetable
C. foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolve
D. foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface
【答案】
（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。
可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。
故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。
可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。
（3）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。
可以推断出“roboticvehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Positivethinkingisasignificantelementofhappiness.Inordertobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthingtoknowaboutpositivethinkingisthateveryonecandoit. Withcertaincognitive（认知的）andbehavioralchanges,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative-itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.
Insteadofselectivelyattendingtonegativeevents,focusonthepositiveones.Thenpayattentiontothedelayedconsequencesofyourbehaviorratherthantheimmediateones.Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.
Challengeanyinternalattributionsandseeifyoucompareyourbehaviortostandardsthatareexcessivelyrigidandperfectionistic.Ifso,changetheseandbereasonablewithyourcomparisons.Forexample,ifyouconstantlycompareyourweaknesseswithotherpeople'sstrengths,thenswitchthisandcompareyourselfwiththosewhoaredoingpoorerthanyouaswell.Overall,peoplewhofocusmoreontheirstrengthsthantheirweaknessesbutatthesametimeareawareoftheirweaknesseshaveahealthierself-evaluationresult.
Whenfacedwithtoomuchfearaboutasituation,imaginetheworstcaseandvisualizeasolutionforit,thenletgooffear.Thisway,youwillbepreparedforanythingandyourfearwillnotblockyoufrombeingopenandcreativetodifferentsolutions.Forexample,ifyouareconstantlyworriedaboutlosingyourjobuptoapointwhereitiscreatingalotofanxietyandfearandiseffectingyourperformanceandyourhappinessnegatively,thenthinkoflosingyourjob,visualizehowyouwillhandleit,findsolutionsinyourmindandthenletgoofthethoughtandthefearattachedtoit.
Sopositivethinkersarebetterproblemsolversandhavebetterinteractions.Inadditiontothat,peoplewhoarepositivethinkersarehappierandmoresatisfiedwiththeirlife.
（1）Whyispositivethinkingasignificantelementofhappiness?
A. Itmeansthatoneisblindtothetroublesanddifficultiesthatexist.
B. Itmeansthatoneconstantlycompareseverythingwithotherpeople's.
C. Itmeansthatoneisstronginmindandhasnothingtobeafraidof.
D. Itmeansthatoneapproacheslifeandfaceschallengesmorehealthily.
（2）Whatdoesthetextsuggestaboutthejobyoudon'tlike?
A. Quittingitandfindingabetterone.
B. Keepingandtryingtomakeitbetter.
C. Beingnegativeandnumbtoit.
D. Challengingyourselfwithanewoutlook.
（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph4?
A. Bepreparedfortheworst:
andletgooffear.
B. Beingconstantlyworriedwillloseyourjob.
C. Fearwillpreventyoubeingopenandcreative.
D. Thereisnothingtofearifwellprepared.
（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. Howtofocusonthepositiveevents
B. Howtobeapositivethinker
C. Whattodowhenfacedwithfear
D. Whattoknowofself-evaluation
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文为是一篇议论文，积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。
要想成为一个积极的思考者，决心和毅力必不可少。
首先你要知道，每个人都能成为积极思考者。
只要改善一定的认知和行为,我们都可以做到。
文章论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的” Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative-itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.“另一个重要的因素是，做一个积极的思考者并不意味着你对生活中任何不完美的事情麻木不仁或是带有悲观的色彩——这只是意味着你以一种更健康的态度对待生活和面对挑战，可推知，积极思考能让一个人更健康地对待生活和面对挑战，这也是一个人感到幸福的重要因素。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.“例如，如果一份工作不像你想要的那样，把注意力集中在你有一份工作这个事实上，以及你如何花时间让情况变得更好，可知，当你有一份不喜欢的工作的时候，你应该坚持并努力让它变得更好。
故选B。
（3）考查段落大意。
第四段中的”Whenfacedwithtoomuchfearaboutasituation,imaginetheworstcaseandvisualizeasolutionforit,thenletgooffear.“当面对太多的恐惧时，想象最坏的情况，想象一个解决方案，然后放下恐惧。
是主题句，也是本段论述的主题。
故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知，本文论述了如何成为一个积极的思考者。
因此，B项“如何成为一个积极的思考者”适合做本文最佳标题。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?
Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost£1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram（全息）call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:
5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom（英国通讯管理局）suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.
Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe"internetofthings"-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones（无人机）tocommunicatewitheachother.
ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespe
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