abeztf《四书》语录六十条及其英译 看古典汉语精髓.docx

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abeztf《四书》语录六十条及其英译 看古典汉语精髓.docx

abeztf《四书》语录六十条及其英译看古典汉语精髓

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懒惰是很奇怪的东西,它使你以为那是安逸,是休息,是福气;但实际上它所给你的是无聊,是倦怠,是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望,割断你和别人之间的友情,使你心胸日渐狭窄,对人生也越来越怀疑。

—罗兰

《四书》语录六十条及其英译

《四书》是我国经典著作《论语》(ConfucianAnalects)、《孟子》(TheWorksofMencius)、《中庸》(TheDoctrineoftheMean)和《大学》(TheGreatLearning)四本书的合称。

千百年来,《四书》作为儒家经典对我国文化的各个方面如政治、哲学、教育、风俗习惯、伦理道德、民族心理以至语言等都产生过巨大而深刻的影响。

可以毫不夸张地说,《四书》对中国文化的影响不低于圣经对西方文化的影响。

《四书》不仅在中国而且在世界都产生过并且仍在产生着巨大影响。

西方许多汉学家都翻译过《四书》就是明证之一。

在早期众多英译本中,最优译本当推英国学者理雅各(JamesLegge)所译的《华英四书》(TheFourBookswithEnglishTranslationandNotes)。

现对理氏略作介绍:

JamesLegge(1814--1897):

约定俗成的译名理雅各(他本人起的中国名字),标准新译名为詹姆斯·莱格。

英国汉学家,生于苏格兰。

1839年被伦敦布道会派往马六甲任英华书院(Anglo-ChineseCollege)院长,1843年随该院迁香港,1873年返英。

1875年牛津大学特别为他设汉文讲座,理氏在那里执教直到去世。

在香港期间,他在鸦片巨商查顿、颠地等的经济支持下,又得到中国著名学者王韬在学术上的帮助,把中国的《四书》、《五经》译成英文,名为TheChineseClassics,分28卷,于1861年至1886年间出版,另外,他还有很多关于中国的著作,为西方汉学作出了重要又突出的贡献。

理氏译本迄今已逾世纪,但仍被认为是最佳译本之一。

下面的六十条语录是根据“去其糟粕,取其精华”、“批判地吸收”等原则精选的。

这六十条及其英译,不仅能使读者对我国文化精华有所了解,而且可以帮助读者学点古文及其英译的方法。

原文

1.子曰:

“学而时习之,不亦说乎。

有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。

人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎。

TheMastersaid,“Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?

Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?

Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim?

’’

2.曾子曰:

“为人谋,而不忠乎?

与朋友交,而不信乎?

传不习乎?

ThephilosopherTsangsaid.“Idailyexaminemyselfofthreepoints:

--whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennotfaithful;--whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;--whether,Imayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructionsofmyteacher.’’

3.子曰:

“不患人之不己知,患不知人也。

TheMastersaid,“Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen’snotknowingme,IwillbeafflictedthatIdonotknowmen.”

4.子曰:

“诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:

思无邪。

TheMastersaid.“IntheBookofPoetryarethreehundredpieces,butthedesignofthemallmaybeembracedinonesentence…‘Havingnodepravedthoughts.’”

5.子曰:

“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。

TheMastersaid,“Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.Atthirty,Istoodfirm.Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.Atfifty,IknowthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright.”

6.子曰:

“温故而知新,可以为师矣。

Themastersaid,“Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soascontinuallytobeacquiringthenew,hemaybeateacherofothers.”

7.子曰:

“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。

攻乎异端,斯害也已。

由,诲女知之乎?

知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

TheMastersaid,“Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.Thestudyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!

Yu,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?

Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit;--Thisisknowledge.”

8.哀公问曰:

“何为则民服?

”孔子对曰:

“举直错诸枉,则民服;举枉错诸直,则民不服。

TheDukeAiasked,saying,“Whatshouldbedoneinordertosecurethesubmissionofthepeople?

”Confuciusreplied,“Advancetheuprightandsetasidethecrooked,thenthepeoplewillsubmit.Advancethecrookedandsetasidetheupright,thenthepeoplewillnotsubmit.”

9.子闻之曰:

“成事不说,遂事不谏,既往不咎。

WhentheMasterheardit,hesaid,“Thingsthataredone,itisneedlesstospeakabout;thingsthathavehadtheircourse,itisneedlesstoremonstrateabout;thingsthatarepast,itisneedlesstoblame.”

10.子曰:

“富与贵,是人之所欲也。

不以其道得之,不处也。

TheMastersaid,“Richesandhonorsarewhatmendesire.Ifitcannotbeobtainedintheproperway,theyshouldnotbeheld.”

11.子曰:

“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。

TheMastersaid,“Whenweseemenofworth,weshouldthinkofequalingthem,whenweseemenofacontrarycharacter,weshouldturninwardsandexamineourselves.”

12.子曰:

“敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。

TheMastersaid,“Hewasofanactivenatureandyetfondoflearning,andhewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnofhisinferiors!

--OnthesegroundshehasbeenstyledWan.’’

13.季文子三思而后行。

ChiWanthoughtthrice,andthenacted.

14.子曰:

“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦……”

TheMastersaid,“Thesilenttreasuringupofknowledge;Learningwithoutsatiety;andinstructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.”

15.子曰:

“……不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。

TheMastersaid,“…Richesandhonorsacquiredbyunrighteousnessaretomeasafloatingcloud.”

16.子曰:

“我非生而知之者。

TheMastersaid,“Iamnotonewhowasborninthepossessionofknowledge.’’

17.子曰:

“三人行,必有我师焉。

择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。

TheMastersaid,“WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.’’

18.子曰:

“君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。

TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormanissatisfiedandcomposed;themeanmanisalwaysfullofdistress.”

19.子曰:

“不在其位,不谋其政。

TheMastersaid,“Hewhoisnotinanyparticularofficehasnothingtodowithplansfortheadministrationofitsduties.’’

20.子在川上曰:

“逝者如斯夫!

不舍昼夜。

TheMasterstandingbyastream,said,“Itpassesonjustlikethis,notceasingdayornight!

’’

21.子曰:

“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。

TheMastersaid,“Thecommanderoftheforcesofalargestatemaybecarriedoff,butthewillofevenacommonmancannotbetakenfromhim.’’

22.子曰:

“岁寒。

然后知松柏之后彫(diao)也。

TheMastersaid,“Whentheyearbecomescold,thenweknowhowthepineandthecypressarethelasttolosetheirleaves.”

23.子曰:

“其身正,不令而行;其身不正,虽令不从。

TheMastersaid,“Whenaprince’spersonalconductiscorrect,hisgovernmentiseffectivewithouttheissuingoforders.Ifhispersonalconductisnotcorrect,hemayissueorders,buttheywillnotbefollowed.”

24.子曰:

“无欲速,无见小利。

欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。

TheMastersaid,“Donotbedesiroustohavethingsdonequickly;donotlookatsmalladvantages.Desiretohavethingsdonequicklypreventstheirbeingdonethoroughly.Lookingatsmalladvantagespreventsgreataffairsfrombeingaccomplished.’’

25.子曰:

“言必信,行必果。

TheMastersaid,“Theyaredeterminedtobesincereinwhattheysay,andtocarryoutwhattheydo.’’

26.子曰:

“志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁。

TheMastersaid.“Thedeterminedscholarandthemanofvirtuewillnotseektoliveattheexpenseofinjuringtheirvirtue.Theywillevensacrificetheirlivestopreservetheirvirtuecomplete.”

27.子曰:

“工欲善其事,必先利其器。

TheMastersaid,“Themechanic,whowishestodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhistools.’’

28.子曰:

“人无远虑,必有近忧。

TheMastersaid,“Ifamantakesnothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand.”

29.子曰:

“君子不以言举人,不以人废言。

TheMastersaid,“Thesuperiormandoesnotpromoteamansimplyonaccountofhiswords,nordoesheputasidegoodwordsbecauseoftheman.”

30.子曰:

“己所不欲,勿施于人。

TheMastersaid,“…Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.”

31.子曰:

“过而不改,是谓过矣。

TheMastersaid,“Tohavefaultsandnottoreformthem—this,indeed,shouldbepronouncedhavingfaults.

32.子曰:

“有教无类。

TheMastersaid,“Inteachingthereshouldbenodistinctionofclasses.”

33.子曰:

“饱食终日,无所用心,难以哉!

TheMastersaid,“Hardisittodealwithhim,whowillstuffhimselfwithfoodthewholeday,withoutapplyinghismindtoanythinggood!

34.心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而不知其味。

Whenthemindisnotpresent,welookanddonotsee;wehearanddonotunderstand;weeatanddonotknowthetasteofwhatweeat.

35.道得众,则得国;失众,则失国。

是故君子,先慎乎德,有德,此有人,有人此有土,有土此有财,有财此有用,德者,本也,财者,末也。

Thisshowsthat,bygainingthepeople,thekingdomisgained,and,bylosingthepeople,thekingdomislost.Onthisaccount,therulerwillfirsttakepainsabouthisownvirtue.Possessingvirtuewillgivehimthepeople.Possessingthepeoplewillgivehimtheterritory.Possessingtheterritorywillgivehimitswealth.Possessingthewealth,hewillhaveresourcesforexpenditure.Virtueistheroot;wealthistheresult.

36.在上位,不陵下;在下位,不援上。

正己而不求于人,则无怨。

上不怨天,下不尤人。

Inahighposition,hedoesnottreatwithcontempthisinferiors.Inalowsituation,hedoesnotcourtthefavorofhissuperior.Herectifieshimself,andseeksfornothingfromothers,sothathehasnodissatisfactions.Hedoesnotmurmuragainstheaven,norgrumbleagainstmen.

37.君子之道,辟如行远必自迩;辟如登高必自卑。

Thewayofthesuperiormenmaybecomparedtowhattakesplaceintraveling,whentogotoadistance,wemustfirsttraversethespacethatisnear,andinascendingaheight,wemustbeginfromthelowerground.

38.老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。

Treatwiththereverenceduetoagetheeldersinyourownfamily,sothattheeldersinthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated;treatwiththekindnessduetoyouththeyounginyourownfamily,sothattheyounginthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated.

39.以力服人者,非心服也,力不赡也;以德服人者,中心悦而诚服也。

Whenonebyforcesubduesmen,theydonotsubmittohiminheart.Theysubmit,becausetheirstrengthisnotadequatetoresist.Whenonesubduesmenbyvirtue,intheirhearts’coretheyarepleased,andsincerelysubmit.

40.孟子曰:

“尊贤使能,俊杰在位,则天下之士,皆悦而愿立于其朝矣。

Menciussaid.“Ifarulergiveshonortomenoftalentsandvirtueandemploystheable.sothatofficesshallallbefilledbyindividualsofdistinctionandmark—thenallthescholarsoftheempirewillbepleased,andwishtostandinhiscourt.”

41.孟子曰:

“子路,人告之以有过,则喜;禹闻善言,则拜。

Meneiussaid,“WhenanyonetoldTszd-loothathehadafault,herejoiced.WhenYuheardgoodwords,hebowedtothespeaker.”

42.孟子曰:

“天时不如地利,地利不如人和。

Menciussaid,‘‘OpportunitiesoftimevouchsafedbyHeavenarenotequaltoadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEarth,andadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEartharenotequaltotheunionarisingfromtheaccordofMen.

43.得道者多助,失道者寡助。

Hewhofindsthepropercoursehasmanytoassisthim.Hewholosesthepropercoursehasfewtoassisthim.

44.孟子曰:

“人之患,在好为人师。

Menciussaid.“Theevilofmenisthattheyliketobeteachersofothers.”

45.爱人者,人恒爱之;敬人者,人恒敬之。

Hewholovesothersisconstantlylovedbythem.Hewhorespectsothersisconstantlyrespectedbythem.

46.今夫弈之为数,小数也,不专心致志,则不得也。

Nowchessplayingisbutasmallart,butwithouthiswholemindbeinggiven,andhiswillbenttoit,amancannotsucceedatit.

47.孟子曰:

“鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。

二者不

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