Grammar in use主谓一致教案.docx
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Grammarinuse主谓一致教案
主谓一致是指:
1)语法形式上要一致,即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1.由and连接主语时
And连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数
1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数
LiMingandZhangHuaaregoodstudents.
Likemanyothers,thelittletrampandthenaughtyboyhaverushedthereinsearchofgold.
小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子
Bothriceandwheataregrowninthisarea.
2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.
那位教授兼作家正在会上发言
Ajournalistandauthourlivesonthesixthfloor.
一位新闻记者兼作家
HislawyerandformercollegefriendwaswithhimonhistriptoEurope.
他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行
ThePremierandForeignMinisterwaspresentatthestatebanquet.
总理兼外长
比较:
thewriterandtheeducatorhavevisitedourschool.
thewriterandeducatorhasvisitedourschool.
HislawyerandhisformercollegefriendwerewithhimonhistriptoEurope.
注意:
指同一个人或物时,并列主语前只用一个冠词,指不同的需要分别加冠词,但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可
Aboyandgirlareplayingtennis.
3)并列主语前有each,every,manya,no等修饰时谓语动词用单数
Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.
Everyman,womanandchildisentitledtotakepartintheactivity.有权参加
Everyboyand(every)girladmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour.
Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake
Noboyandnogirlistherenow.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里
注意:
manya跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多
Manyastudentwasdisappointedafterseeingthemovie.
4)并列主语为不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数
Alawandruleaboutprotectingenvironmenthasbeendrawnup.
关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。
Theknifeandforkhasbeenwashed刀叉已经被洗好
Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory
战争与和平是历史永恒的主题
注意;常被视为主体的结构
Acupandsaucer一副杯碟
Ahorseandcart马车
Aknifeandfork一副刀叉
Alawandrule法规
Aneedleandthread一套针线
Fishandchips炸鱼加炸薯条
Thestarsandstripes星条旗
2.由(either)…or或neither…nor等连接的主语时
由either…or,neither…nor,or,notonly…but(also)…连接主语时,谓语动词陈述句中就近原则
EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewYork.要么你要么简被派往纽约
Neitheryounorhehasfinishedtheexperiment.
Neithertheteachernorthestudentslikethispieceofmusic.都不喜欢这首曲子
Notonlytheoldfarmerbutalsohisfamilywerefriendlytome.
Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohehimselfislookingforwardtotakingpartintheparty.
3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走
NotyoubutIamtoanswerthequestion
I,notyou,amtoanswerthequestion.
二、单一主语的主谓一致
1.名词本身自带s作主语时
1)学科名词:
physics物理mathematics/maths数学economics经济学politics政治学
新闻;news
体操:
Gymnastics
Asweknow,Physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科
Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudents.数学是中学生的一门必修课
Einsteinoncesaid,“Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics.”
注意:
当mathematics表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可
Ifmymathematicsis/areright,theansweris56.如果我的运算正确,答案就是56
Thetelevisionnewsisat7o’clockintheeveningeveryday
Gymnasticsismysister’sfavouritesport
2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语means方式方法aircraft飞机works工厂crossroads十字路口deer鹿sheep羊fish鱼
Thisworkswasbuildin1982这座工厂是
Byfar,threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscity
Thismeansoftransporthasbeentried
Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried
3)由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数
chopsticks筷子compasses圆规
glasses眼镜gloves手套
Jeans牛仔裤pants裤子
scissors剪子shoes鞋子
shorts短裤socks短袜
trousers裤子
Mytrousersarewhiteandhisclothesareblack.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的
Whyareyourshoessodirty?
注意;如果这些词由单位词(apairof,asuitof,apieceof,akindof等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.
Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.
4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数
TheunitedStatesisadevelopedcountry
TheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.
5)以-s结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数
TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplants.植物种类繁多
TheNiagaraFallsaresplendidwaterfalls.
6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数
belongings财产clothes衣服plastics
earnings收入goods货物
leavings剩余savings储存
Allthegoodsareveryexpensive.
2.集体名词作主语时
1)mankind,humanity,man作主语时,谓语一般用单数
Onlymanknowshowtocook.只有人懂得烹饪
2)people,police,cattle,youth等作主语时,只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数
Thepoliceareinvestigatingtheriot.正在调查暴乱事件
Thecattlearegrazingthethefield正在牧场吃草
Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜
【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如:
Thereare56peoplesinChina
3)family,crowd等作主语时,根据概念确定谓语动词
这类集体名词有:
Army,assembly议会集会audiencebandclassclubcommitteecompanycongress议会youthcrew全体工作人员crowdenemyfamilygang团伙governmentgroupherd牧群jurypopulationpublicteam强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语
ThefamilyisgoingtomovetoNewYork
Thefamilyhavedifferentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroad
Thefootballclubcommitteearrangesallthematches
Thefootballclubcommitteehavedecidedtodismisshim.
比较:
Afamily,agroup,aclass做主语时用单数谓语
Families,groups,classes作主语时用复数谓语
Agroupiscomingtothezoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来
4)baggage/luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)
Ourclothingprotectsusfrom[against]thecold.我们的衣服可以御寒.
Haveyoucheckedallyourbaggage?
你所有行李都托运了吗?
【注】machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine,poem,jewel,scene等.如:
apoem/apieceofpoetry(一首诗),manymachines/muchmachinery/manypiecesofmachinery(许多机器).
5)hair的用法
hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);
指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数):
Myhairhasgrownverylong.我的头发已长得很长了.
Thepolicefoundtwohairsthere.警察在那儿找到了两根头发.
6)fruit的用法
fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的:
Hedoesn’teatmuchfruit.他不大吃水果.
Heisgrowingfruitinthecountry.他在乡下种水果.
但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果.比较:
Somefruitshavethickskins.有些水果皮很厚.
3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时
1)非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数
Toimproveagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金
Toseeistobelieve
Swimmingisagoodwaytokeephealth
Howtheywillsolvetheproblemremainstobeseen
Whethershewillcomeisnotknown
2)多个非谓语动词作主语,表达一个概念谓语用单数,表达不同概念谓语用复数
Goingtobeearlyandgettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.早睡早起一个概念
Readingbooksandplayingtabletennisaremygreatpleasure.读书和打乒乓球
Listening,speaking,readingandwritingareallimportant.
Tobestrictwithoneselfandtobekindtoothersaregoodqualitiesofaperson
三、其他情况的主谓一致
1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数
这类复数名词有:
miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms公斤千克,kilometres公里,centimetres,厘米millimetres毫米,seconds,hours,years等
Fivedollarsseemsafairprice是一个公道的价格
Twokilometresisnotveryfarfortheyoungman
Fivehoursisashorttimeforsuchadifficultjob
2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数
Onehundredcentsmakeadollar
Morethantwentyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.
3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式,有时也用复数
Fivetimeseightis/areforty
Fourandeightmakes/maketwelve
Sixtyminussevenleavesfifty-three
Forty-eightdividedbysixiseight
4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数
Everyonesomethinganybodynowhere
Everyoneintheclasswassurprisedatthenews
Listen!
Someoneisknockingatthedoor.
Isanyonegoingtotellhimthenews?
5.eachoneof…,everyoneof…,anyoneof…,oneof…,等作主语时谓语用单数
Eachofthegirlinourclasshasaballoon我们班每个女孩都有一个气球
Eachofthestudentswasaskedtospeakforthreeminutes.
Everyoneofthemisfamiliartome.我对他们都很熟悉
6.each,every作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数
但是each作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数
Each/Everyboyinourclasshasaskateboard一副滑板
Theyeachhaveastateboard.
Each/EverystudenthasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary
ThestudentseachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary
7.noneof+不可数名词谓语用单数
noneof,
neitherof,+可数名词复数/复数代词+谓语动词单数复数都可
eitherof,
Noneofthatmoneyinthedeskishis不可数名词
Noneofhisclassmatesknowsthetruth.=Noneofhisclassmatesknowthetruth
Neitherofthestatementsistrue=Neitherofthestatementsaretrue两种说法没有一个真实
Eitherofthequalificationsisacceptable=Eitherofthequalificationsareacceptable
8.neither与either做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数
Eitherqualificationisacceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受
Neitherqualificationisacceptable
9.分数百分数+of+名词,someof,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,mostof,therestof,all(of),half(of)谓语常与of后面的名词一致
分数/百分数+of+复数名词/复数代词谓语动词用复数
分数/百分数+of+单数名词/
单数代词谓语动词用单数
不可数名词
Twothirdsofthestudentssupporttheplan复数名词
Onetenthofthemaresufferingfromthiskindofillness.复数代词
Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea单数名词
EightypercentoftheemployeesinthecompanyarefromBeijing百分数复数名词
Thirtypercentofitsareaisfloodedeachyear.百分数单数名词
Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou
Therestofthestudentsspeakforit.
Halfoftheappleisrotten
Halfoftheapplesarerotten
10.more(…)thanone…结构作主语时
More(…)thanone…+单数名词谓语用单数
More+复数名词+thanone谓语用复数
Morethantwo+复数名词谓语用复数
Morethanonewhiterosehasbloomedinthegarden
Morewhiterosesthanonehavebloomedinthegarden
Morethantwowhiteroseshavebloomed两个以上的的白玫瑰开了
11.anumberof+复数名词谓语用复数许多的
Thenumberof+名词谓语动词用单数…的数量
AnumberoftreesaregreeninApril
AgreatnumberoftouristshavebeentotheGreatWall
Alargenumberofworkerwereoutofworkbecausethefactorywasdestroyedinflood.
Thenumberofstudentsinthecomputerclassislimitedtoten.
Thenumberofworkerswhowereoutofworkwas1,000.
12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则
Therearesomechairsandatableintheroom
Thereisatableandsomechairsintheroom
Herearesomegiftsforyou
Hereisabook,apenandsomepaperforyou.
13.当主语后接修饰语时
With,alongwith,togetherwith,but,besides,except,like,including,inadditionto,aswellas,ratherthan,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致
Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift被作为礼物送给了这个国家
Theteacher,alongwithherstudents,isgoingtoattendthelecture听报告
Apeasant,togetherwithsomesoldiers,isabouttohelpus.
Allbutonehavearrivedher