四级模拟试题之十.docx
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四级模拟试题之十
大学英语四级考试(CET4)
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
注意:
此部分试题在答题卡1上,请在答题卡1上作答。
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8to10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Usingthemindtofightdiseases
Psychologyhasanewapplicationinthefieldofmedicine.Manydoctors,togetherwiththeirpatients,arelookingforalternativemethodsoftreatmentofphysicalproblems.Inlargehospitalsandresearchcenters,modernmethodsoftherapyseemtofocusonthephysicaldiseasewithoutconsideringthepatients'mentalstate.Patientsmayfeelthattheyarebeingtreatedimpersonally,likebrokenmachines.Somedoctorshaverecognizedthisasaproblem.Theyarenowusingpsychologicaltherapywithpatientstousetheirownmindstofighttheirdiseases.Becausethepatientisworkingwiththemedicineandthedoctorsagainstthedisease,hisorherattitudechanges.Thepatientdoesnotwaitforthemedicineandtreatmenttocurehimorher,butinsteadthepatientjoinsinthefight.
Mentaltherapy
Thedoctorknowsthatadiseaseaffectsapatient'sbodyphysically.Thebodyofthepatient(inthiscase,aman)changesbecauseofthedisease.Heisnotonlyphysicallyaffected,butasthephysicianknows,healsohasanemotionalresponsetothedisease.Becausehismindisaffected,hisattitudeandbehaviorchange.Themedicaltreatmentmightcurethepatient'sphysicalproblems,butthepatient'smindmustfighttheemotionalones.Forexample,thestudiesofonedoctor,CarlSimonton,M.D.,haveshownthatatypicalcancerpatient(inthiscase,awoman)haspredictableattitudes.Shetypicallyfeelsdepressed,upset,andangry.Herself-imageispoorandshefeelsself-pity.Asaresult,herbehaviorchanges.Becauseofherconstantdepression,sheactsunfriendlytowardherfamily,friends,doctors,andnurses.Suchattitudesandbehaviorspreventthepatientfromgettingwell.Therefore,adoctor'streatmentmusthelpthepatientchangeherattitudes.Simonton'smethodemphasizestreatmentofthewholepatientbytreatingboththebodyandthemind.
Theattitudeofacancerpatientwhoisreceivingradiationtherapy,anX-raytreatment,canbecomemorepositive.ThephysicianwhoisfollowingSimonton'spsychologicaltreatmentplansuggeststhatthepatientimaginethatheorshecanseethetumor(肿瘤)inthebody.Inthementalpicture,thepatient"sees"apowerfulbeamofradiationlikeamillionbulletsofenergy.Thepatientimaginesthebeamhittingthetumorcellsandcausingthemtoshrink.Foranothercancerpatient,Dr.Simontonmightmakeanothersuggestion.Thispatient,withadifferentkindofcancer,needstotakecapsulesandpillsseveraltimesaday.Thedoctorasksthepatienttoimaginethemedicinegoingfromthestomachintothebloodstreamandtothecancercells.Thepatientimaginesthatthemedicineislikeanarmyfightingthediseasedcellsandseesthecancercellsgraduallydying.Hisorherbloodcarriesawaythedeadcells.Boththemedicaltherapyandthepatient'spositiveattitudefightthedisease.
Doctorsarenotcertainwhythismentaltherapyworks.However,thisuseofpsychologydoeshelpsomepatientsbecausetheirattitudesaboutthemselveschange.Theybecomemoreconfidentbecausetheyusethepowerwithintheirownmindstohelpstopthedisease.
Suggestiontherapy
Anotherapplicationofusingthemindtohelpcurediseaseistheuseofsuggestiontherapy.Beforemakingthesuggestion,thedoctorhelpsthepatienttoconcentratedeeply.Thepatient(inthiscase,aman)thinksonlyaboutonething.Hebecomessounawareofotherthingsaroundhimthatheseemstobeasleep.Heissaidtobeinatrance(催眠状态).Thenthephysicianmakes"asuggestion"tothepatientaboutthemedicalproblem.Thepatient'smindrespondstothesuggestionevenafterthepatientisnolongerinthetrance..Inthisway,thepatientuseshismindtohelphisbodyrespondtotreatment.
Suggestiontherapyhelpfulforbothadultsandchildren
Doctorshavelearnedthatthisuseofpsychologyishelpfulforbothadultsandchildren.Forexample,physicianshaveusedsuggestiontohelpadultsdealwiththestrongpainofsomedisease.Furthermore,sometimestheadultpatient(inthiscase,awoman)worriesaboutherillnesssomuchThattheanxietykeepsherfromgettingwell.Therightsuggestionsmayhelpthepatienttostopbeinganxious.Suchtreatmentmayhelpthepatientwithachronic(慢性的)diseases.Asthma(哮喘)isanexampleofachronicdisorder.Asthmaisadiseasethatcausesthepatienttohavedifficultyinbreathing.Thepatientstartstocoughandsometimeshastofighttogettheairtha