新概念英语语法.docx

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新概念英语语法.docx

新概念英语语法

一、一般现在时

(一)be动词的一般现在时

一、一般现在时:

表示现在或经常发生的动作或状态。

Iamateacher.

二、be(arnris、are)表示状态:

①是

②在……地方(后面加in、at;大地方用in,小地方用at)

Thispenisred.

TheyareinBJ.

Heisatschool.

Heisintheroom.(in在里)

三、人称代词主格:

代替人或物的词。

只能做主语的人称代词:

I我you你he他she她it它

We我们you你们they他(她、它)们

四、人称代词的宾格:

只能放在动词或介词后做宾语的人称代词。

me我you你him他her她it它

us我们you你们them他(她、它)们

五、形容词性物主代词:

后边必须加名词的物主代词。

my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的

our我们的your你们的their他(她、它)们的

Itslegisbroken.

六、提示代词

this这(这个)that那(那个):

加单数可数名词或不可数名词

these这些those那些:

加复数可数名词

七、句子成份

主语:

动作或状态的发出者

谓语:

主语发出的动作或状态

宾语:

主语动作的对象

表语:

表示主语的位置或状态

Sheisinmyroom.

be动词+表语做谓语

Ibeathim.Heisastudent.

-a—

主谓宾主谓

八、一般问句:

be+主语+表语九、否定句:

主语+benot礁语

十、some一些(用在肯定句中)

any一些(用在否定句、问句中)

十一、特殊问句:

疑问词+be+主语+表语

练习:

1、Theyarestudents.

Whatarethey?

2、Thisisdirtywater.

Whichisdirtywater?

(which那些)

Whatwateristhis?

(名词前的修饰部分在疑问句中仍放在修饰词之后)

3、Heisinmyroom.

Inwhoseroomishe?

Whereishe?

4、Theyareinthatclassroom.

Whoareinthatclassroom?

(当疑问词做主语时要用陈述句语序)

Inwhichclassroomarethey?

Wherearethey?

5、Thiswaterisdirty.

Howisthiswater?

(或Howaboutthiswater?

6、Thosearejenbooks.

Wherearetenbooks?

Howmanybooksarethose?

7、Thatissomebread.

Howmuchbreadisthat?

8、ItisMondaytoday.

Whatdayisittoday?

(二)实意动词的一般现在时

一、实意动词:

表示动作的动词

二、实意动词的一般现在时:

表示现在或经常发生的动作。

三、句子结构:

主语+实意动词+宾语+其它

Theysweepthefloorat6:

00intheafternooneveryday.

四、当主语是第三人称单数时:

1、一般动词后加s,work—works

Heworksfortenhourseveryday.

2、havehas

Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.

3、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词加es,catchycatches

以th结尾的动词加s,mouth—mouths

Shecatchesacoldonceamonth.

4、以y结尾的动词,y前为元音时加s

Heplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.

5、以y结尾的动词,y前为辅音字母时,去y加ies

HestudiesEnglishChineseandMathsatschool.

6、以o结尾的动词加es

ShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.

五、否定句:

主语+don't(doesn't)+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

六、一般问句:

Do(Does)+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

练习:

变否定句和一般问句

1、Theysweepthefloorat6:

00intheafternooneveryday.

Theydon’tsweepthefloorat6:

00intheafternooneveryday.

Dotheysweepthefloorat6:

00intheafternooneveryday?

2、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.

Shedoesn’thasthreebrothersandtwosisters.

Doesshehasthreebrothersandtwosisters?

或Shehasn’tthreebrothersandtwosisters.

Hasshethreebrothersandtwosisters?

have或has的否定式也可以用haven't或hasn't

七、特殊问句:

疑问词+do(does)+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

练习:

1、Theysweepthefloorat6:

00intheafternooneveryday.

Whatdotheysweepat6:

00intheafternooneveryday?

Whattimedotheysweepthefloorintheafternooneveryday?

2、Heworksfortenhourseveryday.

Whoworksfortenhourseveryday?

Howlongdoesheworkeveryday?

3、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.

Howmanybrothersandtwosistersdoesshehas?

4、Shecatchesacoldonceamonth.

Howmanytimesamonthdoesshecatchacold?

5、Heplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.

Forhowmanyhoursdoesheplayfootballeveryday?

介词后面的名词或代词做介词的宾语。

for表示一段时间

6、HestudiesEnglishChineseandMathatschool.

WhatandMathdoeshestudyatschool?

7、ShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.

HowoftendoesshegotoBeijing?

二、Herebe句型

一、Herebe表示①这(这些)是②给你……③……在这儿呢

二、HerebeHHereis+①单数可数名词②不可数名词+其它

tHereare+复数可数名词+其它

三、Herebe用法的注意事项

1.Herebe珞词

Hereisyourpen.

Hereissomebread.

Herearesomebooks.

Hereisyourpenandbooks.

Hereareyourpensandbooks.

2

Heretheyare

.Here+人称代t^主格+be

HereIamHereyouare

三、动词不定式

一、动词不定式:

to+动词原形,构成动词不定式。

二、作用:

可当主语、宾语、表语

Yourworkistorepainri?

?

M修王里mywatch.£

Torepairyourwatchismywork.

Lwanttorepairyourwatch.

Shejsstudent.

主谓宾

主谓宾

HeisinBJ.

>―

主谓

 

Itismyworktorepairyourwatch.

真主语

形式主语

Itisnicetomeetyou.

形式主语真主语

ItiseasytowashmyT-shirt.

真主语

形式主语

iisnicetomeetyou.

<动词不定式|

形式主语谓

真主语

四、therebe

、表示:

在地方有

1、「①可数名词单数②不可数名词

thereis+\「可数名词单数]

rl③1++其它

therebe<不可数名词」

〔thereare+①复数可数名词②复数可数名词+其它

2、一般问句:

bethere++§词+地点

3、否定句:

Therebenot珞词+地点

some一些(用在肯定句中)

any一些(用在否定句、问句中)

5、特殊问句:

疑问词+bethere喀词+地点练习:

1、Thereisapencil-boxonyourdesk.

Whatisthereonyourdesk?

2、Thereissomepaperonthattable.

Howmuchpaperisthereonthattable?

Onwhichtableisthereanypaper?

3、Thereisaneraserandthreepensinmypencil-box.

Howmanyerasersandthreepensarethereinmypencil-box?

Inwhosepencil-boxisthereaneraserandthreepens?

4、Therearethreecupsonthattable.

Howmanycupsarethereonthattable?

5、Therearesomecupsandaspoononthattable.

Whatandaspoonisthereonthattable?

Onwhichtablearethereanycupsandaspoon?

、therebe的begoingto句型:

表示在某地即将有某物

2、否定句:

therebenotgoingtobe名词+地点+其它

3、一般问句:

betherenotgoingtobe珞词+地点+其它

4、特殊问句:

疑问词+be+theregoingtobe喀词+地点+时间

练习:

1、Thereisgoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattableinthreeminutes.

Howmanyapplesandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?

Whatandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?

Onwhichtableistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesinthreeminutes?

Inhowmanyminutesistheregoinggobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?

Whenistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?

2、Therearegoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybedtomorrowmorning.

Onwhosebedaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoattomorrowmorning?

Whichmorningaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybed?

五、begoingto一、begoingto:

①表示“即将、将要、打算”干

②必须加动词原形

be(am、is、are)

二、begoingtobe表示①即将成为②即将到达某地③即将在某处呆多长时间

1、否定句:

主语+benotgoingtobe俵语+其它

2、一般问句:

be+主语+goingtobe磕语+其它

3、特殊问句:

疑问词+be+主语+goingtobe+表语+其它

练习:

1、Sheisgoingtobeanengineernextweek.

Whatisshegoingtobenextweek?

Whichweekisshegoingtobeanengineer?

Whenisshegoingtobeanengineer?

2、TheyaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours.(in在多长时间之后)WhoaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours?

Wherearetheygoingtobeintwohours?

InhowmanyhoursaretheygoingtobeinZJK?

WhenaretheygoingtobeinZJK?

3、YouaregoingtobeinZJKforjhreedays.(for表示一段时间)ForhowmanydaysareyougoingtobeinZJK?

HowlongareyougoingtobeinZJK?

4、Theyaregoingtobehereat9oclock.

Whattimearetheygoingtobehere?

5、TheyaregoingtobehereonMonday.

Whatdayaretheygoingtobehere?

三、实意动词:

表示动作的动词。

begoingto+实意动词原形,表示即将发生的动作

特殊问句:

疑问词+be+主语+goingto+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

练习:

1、Sheisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser.

Whoisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser?

Whatisshegoingtocleanwithaneraser?

Withwhatisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?

Howisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?

2、TheyaregoingtogotoBJthisafternoon.

Whataretheygoingtodothisafternoon?

WhichafternoonaretheygoingtogotoBJ?

WhenaretheygoingtogotoBJ?

3、Theyaregoingtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.

Howmanytimesaweekaretheygoingtogotothepark?

Howoftenaretheygoingtogotothepark?

六、单数可数名词变复数可数名词

1、一般名词后加“s”

desQdesksbook—booksgirl—girlspage^pages

bus-^buses

2、以s、x、ch、sh、z结尾的名词加“es”,以th结尾的名词加“s”

box—boxesdish—disheswatch—watches

buzzfbuzzesmouth—mouths

3、以f、fe结尾的名词去掉“f或fe”加“ves”

leaf—leavesknife—knivesthief—thieveswife—wives

只能加“s":

cliff[kl句(悬崖)-cliffssafe[se?

](保险箱)-safes

proof[pru?

f](证据)-proofsgulf[g?

lf](海湾)—gulfs

chief[t?

i?

f](首领)—chises

4、以“y”结尾的名词y前为元音字母时直接加“s”,y前是辅音字母去掉“y”力口“ies”

toy—toysboy—boysray[re?

](光线)-raysguy[ga?

](家伙)—guys

family—familiesfactory—kt(?

)r?

](工厂)-factoriesparty['p0?

t?

(党)—parties

5、以“o”结尾的名词加“es',以“oo”结尾的名词加“s”

herq'h?

?

r?

?

](英雄)—heroestomato[t?

'ma?

t?

?

](西红柿)—tomatoes

potato[p?

'te?

t?

?

](土豆)-potatoesbamboqb?

m'bu:

](竹子)—bamboos只能加“s":

pianopi'?

n?

u](钢琴)-pianosradio['re?

d?

?

?

](收音机)—radios

photo['f?

?

t?

?

](照片)-photosstudio['stju?

d?

?

?

](画室)—studios

七、情态动词

(一)情态动词+实意动词原形

一、情态动词

must必须can能够may可以should应当ought应当

need需要(即是情态动词又是实意动词)

二、句子结构:

主语+情态动词+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

1、YoumustgotoBJat8dclock.

2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.

3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.

4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.

5、Yououghttogototheparkthreetimesaweek.

6、Heneedbuythreepens.(need是情态动词)

7、Heneedsthreepens.(need是实意动词)

三、否定句:

主语+情态动词+not+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

must当必须讲时否定句用needn't

oughtto的否定句oughtnotto

1、Youneedn,tgotoBJat8oclock.

2、Youmaynotcutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.

3、Hecan'tcarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.

4、Youshouldnotgototheparkthreetimesaweek.

5、Yououghtnottogototheparkthreetimesaweek.

6、Heneedn'tbuythreepens.

7、Hedoesn\needthreepens.

四、一般问句:

情态动词+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

1、MustyougotoBJat8o'clock?

2、Oughtyoutogototheparkthreetimesaweek?

3、Needhebuythreepens?

4、Doesheneedthreepens?

五、特殊问句:

疑问词+情态动词+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它

1、YoumustgotoBJat8oclock.

Whatmustyoudoat8oclock?

无论作何时态的陈述句只要划动词就表示“干什么”

WhattimemustyougotoBJ?

2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.

Whomaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow?

当疑问词做主语时用陈述句语序

Howmanysticksmayyoucutwithaknifetomorrow?

Howmayyoucutthethreestickstomorrow?

Whenmayyoucutthethreestickswithaknife?

3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.

Whichbookscanhecarrytothethirdfloor?

Towhichfloorcanhecarrythosebooks?

4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.

Whereshouldyougothreetimesaweek?

5、YououghttogototheparkJhreetimesaweek.

Howmanytimesaweedoughtyoutogotothepark?

Howoftenoughtyoutogotothepark?

6、Heneedbuythreepens.

Howmanypensneedhebuy?

(二)情态动词表示推测

一、must、may、might表示推测

1、Hemustbe

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