新概念英语语法.docx
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新概念英语语法
一、一般现在时
(一)be动词的一般现在时
一、一般现在时:
表示现在或经常发生的动作或状态。
Iamateacher.
二、be(arnris、are)表示状态:
①是
②在……地方(后面加in、at;大地方用in,小地方用at)
Thispenisred.
TheyareinBJ.
Heisatschool.
Heisintheroom.(in在里)
三、人称代词主格:
代替人或物的词。
只能做主语的人称代词:
I我you你he他she她it它
We我们you你们they他(她、它)们
四、人称代词的宾格:
只能放在动词或介词后做宾语的人称代词。
me我you你him他her她it它
us我们you你们them他(她、它)们
五、形容词性物主代词:
后边必须加名词的物主代词。
my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的
our我们的your你们的their他(她、它)们的
Itslegisbroken.
六、提示代词
this这(这个)that那(那个):
加单数可数名词或不可数名词
these这些those那些:
加复数可数名词
七、句子成份
主语:
动作或状态的发出者
谓语:
主语发出的动作或状态
宾语:
主语动作的对象
表语:
表示主语的位置或状态
Sheisinmyroom.
be动词+表语做谓语
Ibeathim.Heisastudent.
-a—
主谓宾主谓
八、一般问句:
be+主语+表语九、否定句:
主语+benot礁语
十、some一些(用在肯定句中)
any一些(用在否定句、问句中)
十一、特殊问句:
疑问词+be+主语+表语
练习:
1、Theyarestudents.
Whatarethey?
2、Thisisdirtywater.
Whichisdirtywater?
(which那些)
Whatwateristhis?
(名词前的修饰部分在疑问句中仍放在修饰词之后)
3、Heisinmyroom.
Inwhoseroomishe?
Whereishe?
4、Theyareinthatclassroom.
Whoareinthatclassroom?
(当疑问词做主语时要用陈述句语序)
Inwhichclassroomarethey?
Wherearethey?
5、Thiswaterisdirty.
Howisthiswater?
(或Howaboutthiswater?
)
6、Thosearejenbooks.
Wherearetenbooks?
Howmanybooksarethose?
7、Thatissomebread.
Howmuchbreadisthat?
8、ItisMondaytoday.
Whatdayisittoday?
(二)实意动词的一般现在时
一、实意动词:
表示动作的动词
二、实意动词的一般现在时:
表示现在或经常发生的动作。
三、句子结构:
主语+实意动词+宾语+其它
Theysweepthefloorat6:
00intheafternooneveryday.
四、当主语是第三人称单数时:
1、一般动词后加s,work—works
Heworksfortenhourseveryday.
2、havehas
Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.
3、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词加es,catchycatches
以th结尾的动词加s,mouth—mouths
Shecatchesacoldonceamonth.
4、以y结尾的动词,y前为元音时加s
Heplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.
5、以y结尾的动词,y前为辅音字母时,去y加ies
HestudiesEnglishChineseandMathsatschool.
6、以o结尾的动词加es
ShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.
五、否定句:
主语+don't(doesn't)+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
六、一般问句:
Do(Does)+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
练习:
变否定句和一般问句
1、Theysweepthefloorat6:
00intheafternooneveryday.
Theydon’tsweepthefloorat6:
00intheafternooneveryday.
Dotheysweepthefloorat6:
00intheafternooneveryday?
2、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.
Shedoesn’thasthreebrothersandtwosisters.
Doesshehasthreebrothersandtwosisters?
或Shehasn’tthreebrothersandtwosisters.
Hasshethreebrothersandtwosisters?
have或has的否定式也可以用haven't或hasn't
七、特殊问句:
疑问词+do(does)+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
练习:
1、Theysweepthefloorat6:
00intheafternooneveryday.
Whatdotheysweepat6:
00intheafternooneveryday?
Whattimedotheysweepthefloorintheafternooneveryday?
2、Heworksfortenhourseveryday.
Whoworksfortenhourseveryday?
Howlongdoesheworkeveryday?
3、Shehasthreebrothersandtwosisters.
Howmanybrothersandtwosistersdoesshehas?
4、Shecatchesacoldonceamonth.
Howmanytimesamonthdoesshecatchacold?
5、Heplaysfootballforthreehourseveryday.
Forhowmanyhoursdoesheplayfootballeveryday?
介词后面的名词或代词做介词的宾语。
for表示一段时间
6、HestudiesEnglishChineseandMathatschool.
WhatandMathdoeshestudyatschool?
7、ShegoestoBeijingthreetimesamonth.
HowoftendoesshegotoBeijing?
二、Herebe句型
一、Herebe表示①这(这些)是②给你……③……在这儿呢
二、HerebeHHereis+①单数可数名词②不可数名词+其它
tHereare+复数可数名词+其它
三、Herebe用法的注意事项
1.Herebe珞词
Hereisyourpen.
Hereissomebread.
Herearesomebooks.
Hereisyourpenandbooks.
Hereareyourpensandbooks.
2
Heretheyare
.Here+人称代t^主格+be
HereIamHereyouare
三、动词不定式
一、动词不定式:
to+动词原形,构成动词不定式。
二、作用:
可当主语、宾语、表语
Yourworkistorepainri?
。
?
?
M修王里mywatch.£
Torepairyourwatchismywork.
Lwanttorepairyourwatch.
Shejsstudent.
主谓宾
主谓宾
HeisinBJ.
>―
主谓
Itismyworktorepairyourwatch.
真主语
形式主语
Itisnicetomeetyou.
形式主语真主语
ItiseasytowashmyT-shirt.
真主语
形式主语
iisnicetomeetyou.
<动词不定式|
形式主语谓
真主语
四、therebe
、表示:
在地方有
1、「①可数名词单数②不可数名词
thereis+\「可数名词单数]
rl③1++其它
therebe<不可数名词」
〔thereare+①复数可数名词②复数可数名词+其它
2、一般问句:
bethere++§词+地点
3、否定句:
Therebenot珞词+地点
some一些(用在肯定句中)
any一些(用在否定句、问句中)
5、特殊问句:
疑问词+bethere喀词+地点练习:
1、Thereisapencil-boxonyourdesk.
Whatisthereonyourdesk?
2、Thereissomepaperonthattable.
Howmuchpaperisthereonthattable?
Onwhichtableisthereanypaper?
3、Thereisaneraserandthreepensinmypencil-box.
Howmanyerasersandthreepensarethereinmypencil-box?
Inwhosepencil-boxisthereaneraserandthreepens?
4、Therearethreecupsonthattable.
Howmanycupsarethereonthattable?
5、Therearesomecupsandaspoononthattable.
Whatandaspoonisthereonthattable?
Onwhichtablearethereanycupsandaspoon?
、therebe的begoingto句型:
表示在某地即将有某物
2、否定句:
therebenotgoingtobe名词+地点+其它
3、一般问句:
betherenotgoingtobe珞词+地点+其它
4、特殊问句:
疑问词+be+theregoingtobe喀词+地点+时间
练习:
1、Thereisgoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattableinthreeminutes.
Howmanyapplesandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?
Whatandtwoorangesaretheregoingtobeonthattableinthreeminutes?
Onwhichtableistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesinthreeminutes?
Inhowmanyminutesistheregoinggobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?
Whenistheregoingtobeanappleandtwoorangesonthattable?
2、Therearegoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybedtomorrowmorning.
Onwhosebedaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoattomorrowmorning?
Whichmorningaretheregoingtobetwodressesandacoatonmybed?
五、begoingto一、begoingto:
①表示“即将、将要、打算”干
②必须加动词原形
be(am、is、are)
二、begoingtobe表示①即将成为②即将到达某地③即将在某处呆多长时间
1、否定句:
主语+benotgoingtobe俵语+其它
2、一般问句:
be+主语+goingtobe磕语+其它
3、特殊问句:
疑问词+be+主语+goingtobe+表语+其它
练习:
1、Sheisgoingtobeanengineernextweek.
Whatisshegoingtobenextweek?
Whichweekisshegoingtobeanengineer?
Whenisshegoingtobeanengineer?
2、TheyaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours.(in在多长时间之后)WhoaregoingtobeinZJKintwohours?
Wherearetheygoingtobeintwohours?
InhowmanyhoursaretheygoingtobeinZJK?
WhenaretheygoingtobeinZJK?
3、YouaregoingtobeinZJKforjhreedays.(for表示一段时间)ForhowmanydaysareyougoingtobeinZJK?
HowlongareyougoingtobeinZJK?
4、Theyaregoingtobehereat9oclock.
Whattimearetheygoingtobehere?
5、TheyaregoingtobehereonMonday.
Whatdayaretheygoingtobehere?
三、实意动词:
表示动作的动词。
begoingto+实意动词原形,表示即将发生的动作
特殊问句:
疑问词+be+主语+goingto+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
练习:
1、Sheisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser.
Whoisgoingtocleantheblackboardwithaneraser?
Whatisshegoingtocleanwithaneraser?
Withwhatisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?
Howisshegoingtocleantheblackboard?
2、TheyaregoingtogotoBJthisafternoon.
Whataretheygoingtodothisafternoon?
WhichafternoonaretheygoingtogotoBJ?
WhenaretheygoingtogotoBJ?
3、Theyaregoingtogototheparkthreetimesaweek.
Howmanytimesaweekaretheygoingtogotothepark?
Howoftenaretheygoingtogotothepark?
六、单数可数名词变复数可数名词
1、一般名词后加“s”
desQdesksbook—booksgirl—girlspage^pages
bus-^buses
2、以s、x、ch、sh、z结尾的名词加“es”,以th结尾的名词加“s”
box—boxesdish—disheswatch—watches
buzzfbuzzesmouth—mouths
3、以f、fe结尾的名词去掉“f或fe”加“ves”
leaf—leavesknife—knivesthief—thieveswife—wives
只能加“s":
cliff[kl句(悬崖)-cliffssafe[se?
](保险箱)-safes
proof[pru?
f](证据)-proofsgulf[g?
lf](海湾)—gulfs
chief[t?
i?
f](首领)—chises
4、以“y”结尾的名词y前为元音字母时直接加“s”,y前是辅音字母去掉“y”力口“ies”
toy—toysboy—boysray[re?
](光线)-raysguy[ga?
](家伙)—guys
family—familiesfactory—kt(?
)r?
](工厂)-factoriesparty['p0?
t?
(党)—parties
5、以“o”结尾的名词加“es',以“oo”结尾的名词加“s”
herq'h?
?
r?
?
](英雄)—heroestomato[t?
'ma?
t?
?
](西红柿)—tomatoes
potato[p?
'te?
t?
?
](土豆)-potatoesbamboqb?
m'bu:
](竹子)—bamboos只能加“s":
pianopi'?
n?
u](钢琴)-pianosradio['re?
d?
?
?
](收音机)—radios
photo['f?
?
t?
?
](照片)-photosstudio['stju?
d?
?
?
](画室)—studios
七、情态动词
(一)情态动词+实意动词原形
一、情态动词
must必须can能够may可以should应当ought应当
need需要(即是情态动词又是实意动词)
二、句子结构:
主语+情态动词+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
1、YoumustgotoBJat8dclock.
2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.
3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.
4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.
5、Yououghttogototheparkthreetimesaweek.
6、Heneedbuythreepens.(need是情态动词)
7、Heneedsthreepens.(need是实意动词)
三、否定句:
主语+情态动词+not+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
must当必须讲时否定句用needn't
oughtto的否定句oughtnotto
1、Youneedn,tgotoBJat8oclock.
2、Youmaynotcutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.
3、Hecan'tcarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.
4、Youshouldnotgototheparkthreetimesaweek.
5、Yououghtnottogototheparkthreetimesaweek.
6、Heneedn'tbuythreepens.
7、Hedoesn\needthreepens.
四、一般问句:
情态动词+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
1、MustyougotoBJat8o'clock?
2、Oughtyoutogototheparkthreetimesaweek?
3、Needhebuythreepens?
4、Doesheneedthreepens?
五、特殊问句:
疑问词+情态动词+主语+实意动词原形+宾语+其它
1、YoumustgotoBJat8oclock.
Whatmustyoudoat8oclock?
无论作何时态的陈述句只要划动词就表示“干什么”
WhattimemustyougotoBJ?
2、Youmaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow.
Whomaycutthethreestickswithaknifetomorrow?
当疑问词做主语时用陈述句语序
Howmanysticksmayyoucutwithaknifetomorrow?
Howmayyoucutthethreestickstomorrow?
Whenmayyoucutthethreestickswithaknife?
3、Hecancarrythosebookstothethirdfloor.
Whichbookscanhecarrytothethirdfloor?
Towhichfloorcanhecarrythosebooks?
4、Youshouldgototheparkthreetimesaweek.
Whereshouldyougothreetimesaweek?
5、YououghttogototheparkJhreetimesaweek.
Howmanytimesaweedoughtyoutogotothepark?
Howoftenoughtyoutogotothepark?
6、Heneedbuythreepens.
Howmanypensneedhebuy?
(二)情态动词表示推测
一、must、may、might表示推测
1、Hemustbe