高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇.docx

高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇.docx

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高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇

高考英语任务型阅读练习十二篇

（一）

Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,manypeoplethoughtthattheAmericanfamilywasfallingapart.Acenturylater,weknowthatthiswasnotthecase.However,althoughthefamilyisstillaliveintheUnitedStates,itssizeandshapewereverydifferent100yearsago.

Inthelate1800sandearly1900s,thereweremainlytwotypesoffamiliesintheUnitedStates:

theextendedandthenuclear.Theextendedfamilyusuallyincludesgrandparents,parents,andchildrenlivingunderthesameroof.Thenuclearfamilyconsistsofonlyparentsandchildren.

Todaytherearemanydifferentkindsoffamilies.Somepeoplelivein“traditional”families,thatis,astay-homemother,aworkingfather,andtheirownbiologicalchildren.Othersliveintwo-paycheckfamilies,single-parentfamilies,adoptiveorfoster,families,blendedfamilies（wheremenandwomenwhoweremarriedbeforemarryagainandcombinethechildrenfrompreviousmarriagesintothenewfamilies），childlessfamilies,andsoon.

Whatcausedthestructureofthefamilytochange?

Intheearly1900sthebirthratebegantofallandthedivorceratebegantorise.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousfinancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.DuringWorldWarII（1939-1945），5millionwomenwereleftalonetotakecareoftheirhomesandtheirchildren.Becausemanymenwereatwar,thousandsofthese"warwidows"hadtogotoworkoutsidetheirhome.

Duringthenexttenyears,thesituationchanged.Therewerefewerdivorces,andpeoplemarriedatayoungerageandhadmorechildrenthanthepreviousgeneration.Itwasunusualforamothertoworkoutsidethehomeduringtheyearswhenherchildrenweregrowingtip.Familiesbeganleavingcitiesandmovingintosingle-familyhomesinthesuburbs.Thetraditionalfamilyseemedtobereturning.

Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s,thereweremanyimportantchangesinthestructureofthefamily.Fromthe1960stotheearly1970s,thedivorceratedoubledandthebirthratefellbyhalf.Thenumberofsingle-parentfamiliestripled,andthenumberofcoupleslivingtogetherwithoutbeingmarrieddoubledagain.Infact,thesingle-parenthousehold,onceunusual,hasreplacedthe"traditional"familyasthetypicalfamilyintheStates.Ifwecanjudgefromhistory,however,thiswillprobablychangeagaininthetwenty-firstcentury.

TheChangesoftheAmericanFamily

Maincomparisons

Contexts

Different___1____

Thereweretwo__2___typesoffamiliesinthepast,___3____,theextendedandthenuclear.

Nowadays__4___typesoffamiliescanbeseenthanbefore.

Changesindifferent___5_____.

Inthe1900sand1940s

Manyofthewomenhadtoworkoutsideduetothe__6___ofmoney.,thuscausingthefallof__7__andtheriseofdivorcerate.

Inthe1950s

Divorcerateslidedandthereweremorechildren.Thefamiliestendedtobe___8___again.

Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s

Differenttypesoffamiles__9____.TraditionalfamiliesarenolongerthetypicalonesinAmerica.

Atrendworthnoting

Author’sopiniononchanges

Thepresentstructureis___10____;itwillexperiencechangesagaininthenearfuture.

1.kinds/types2.main3.namely4.more5.periods6.lack7.birthrate8.fewer9.occurred10.temporary

（二）

Thefamilysphere（范围）usedtobedefinedbyitsisolationfromthepublicrealm.Therewasthepublicmalerealm（领域）of"rationalaccomplishment"andcruelcompetition,andtheprivatefemaleandchild-rearingsphereofhome,intuition（直觉）andemotion.Theprivaterealmwassupposedtobeisolatedfromtherealitiesofadultlife.Forbothbetterandworse,televisionandotherelectronicmediatendtobreakdownthedifferencebetweenthosetwoworlds.Themembranearoundthefamilysphereismuchmorepermeable（可渗透的）.TVtakespubliceventsandtransformsthemintodramasthatareplayedoutintheprivacyofourlivingrooms,kitchensandbedrooms.

Parentsusedtobethechannelthroughwhichchildrenlearnedabouttheoutsideworld.Theycoulddecidewhattotelltheirchildrenandwhentotellittothem.Sincechildrenlearntoreadinstages,booksprovideakindofnaturalscreeningprocess,whereadultscandecidewhattotellandnottellchildrenofdifferentreadingabilities.Televisiondestroyedthesystemthatseparatedadultfromchildknowledgeandseparatedinformationintoyear-by-yearslicesforchildrenofdifferentages.Instead,itpresentsthesameinformationdirectlytochildrenofallages,withoutgoingthroughadultfilters.

Sotelevisionpresentsarealchallengetoadults.Whileaparentcanreadanewspaperwithoutsharingitwithchildreninthesameroom,televisionisaccessibletoeveryoneinthatspace.Andunlikebooks,televisio