精英专升本 非谓语动词.docx
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精英专升本非谓语动词
非谓语动词
实意动词
系动词
钢铁，物联网，科技
1.谓语动词可悲
2.非谓语动词=sourball
Mainclue:
主线
一、谓语动词与非谓语动词
谓语动词→在句子中作谓语的动词。
如：
1.Rose,whoisanattractivegirl,worksinafactoryandnowsheisworkinganewmachine.
Workvi.S?
三单，主谓一致，时态
Workvt.=run操作
非谓语动词→在句子里不能做谓语的动词。
长相？
原生态
1.todo
2.doing
3.done=-ved
Disgusting
Beendone,
1.has/havebeendone
2.done
没有。
bedone,do谓语动词
havingbeingdone,错误
havingbeendone,doing,beingdone,tobedone,tohavebeendone,tohavedone,done,
beingbeendone,错误的
todo,tobedone
二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢？
它以三种形式出现：
1.todo
2.-ving
3.–ved
三、非谓语动词是动词吗？
能充当其他成分吗？
1.是动词→所以有时态、语态的区别
如：
1>Hetriedtoworkouttheproblem.
2>Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
3>Thetowerbeingrepairedwasputupinthe
TangDynasty.
Todo,
2=doing,done
1.n=主语，宾语，表语，宾补
2.adj定语
3.adv状语
18-1=17
四、n,adj,adv→n（主、表、宾）、adj（定）、adv（状）
Toseeistobelieve.
Sayingiseasierthandoing.
Heloathedgettingupearlyinthemorning.
Heisapromisingyoungman.
Seeingacarcoming,theysteppedaside.
考点透析
to-do（do）
1.作主语或表语
Tohesitatemeansfailure.
Hesitatemeansfailure.不能写。
Tohesitate
Hesitating
Hesitation
19,2122,29
1949,11,11
2，25
Tothinkofyoumakesmeold.
汉语：
思君令人老。
Toknowoneselfisdifficult.
人能自知，实属不易。
Toerrishuman.Error
Toforgiveisdivine.
Acceptingadj
Totalktoheristotalktoawall.
Anox
Asstrongasahorse
Toloveistobeloved.
Toseeheristoloveher.If
Toliveistodosthworthwhile.
Toperishistodie.
Polishvt
Result
Peterwastoperishinacarcrashandtoleaveawifeand6children.
考点一:
真正主语to-do被置于句末，用It放在句首充当形式主语。
Tospendyourvacationattheseasideisquitepleasure.
Spendingyour…is
It……思考：
1.todo2.doing
没有语法错误。
不地道
150
100homely
Itispleasuretospenda
It
Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodnurse.
IttakesSusan2hourstodressherselfupeachday.
（1）Itis/was+adj+of/forsb+todo
Itwasthoughtful_of_hertocometoseemewhenIwasill.
Itwasnasty_of_Jimtobehavelikethat.
Itisimportant_for_ustounderstandthepoint.
Itisfoolish_of/for__hertobuythepicture.
（2）Itis+n+todo
N→apity,apleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,anhonor,ashame,acrime,背诵
etc.
Itisapitytogowithouther.
Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.
考点二:
-ving作真正的主语，it为形式主语.
结构为：
Itis+n/adj+doingsth
N→nogood,nouse,nopoint,nosense,nomeaning,noharm,awasteoftimeetc.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
Itisnogoodobjecting.
Objecttodoing/n
ItisgoodplayingChinesechessaftersupper.
Itissurprisinglygoodtakingasmokeaftersupper.
Todo,doing
Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve.
Medicine
考点三:
To-do与–ving（n）作主语和表语时的区别
Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.（泛泛而谈；经常性，习惯性的动作）
Tosendane-mailismytaskthisafternoon.（具体的某一次行为，特定性/具体性）
MyjobisteachingEnglish.（）
Mytoday’sjobistoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.（）
（安徽省09’真题5）
___ChinaTodayisagoodwayofimprovingourEnglish.
A．HavingreadC．Reading
1.语法形式。
2.意思是否吻合。
Todo
Doing
Vt+1.todo2.doing
Avoid+doing
Risk+doing
Venture+todo
Affordtodo
Tendto
Pretendtodo
宾语
1.vt后面必加宾语。
2.介词+宾语
2.作宾语
常用to-do作宾语的词有afford,attempt,continue,dare,decide,decline,endeavor,hesitate,hope,intend,prepare,pretend,tend,venture,want,volunteer等。
Ican’taffordtoliveinadetachedhouse.
Peterfailedtopassthefinalexam.
考点一:
用it作形式宾语，真正宾语to-do
常用该结构的动词有：
find,feel,believe,make,consider等.
Ifounditinterestingtoplaysnooker.
Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?
Forget
1.todo
2.doing
考点三:
英语中，有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式，不能接to-do.如:
avoid,admit,advocate,enjoy,feellike,escape,risk,havedifficulty/trouble/problem（in）doing,can’thelpdoingsth等
Thegirlavoidgivingheranypersonalinfo.
Doyoufeellikegoingtothemovie?
Wehaddifficultyincarryingouttheplan.
（安徽省09’专升本第三题）
Ihadconsiderabledifficulty________hertogooutforadrinkwithme.
A．topersuadeB．tohavepersuadedC．persuadeD．persuading
Vt+宾语（todo,doing）
介词
In,with,at,of+2.doing99%
But/except介词+1.todo2.do
考点二:
作but/except的宾语，注意要不要to.
Thereisnochoicebuttowaitandsee.
HedidnothingbutplayPCgameseveryday.
前面有do的某种形式（do,does,did,done）But/except+do
前面没有dobut/except+todo
Can’thelp____doing_
Can’thelpbut__do___
A.todoB.do
Todosth:
to为动词不定式符号
Todoingsth:
to为介词符号
Objecttodoing
Admittodoing
考点四:
to是介词？
be/getused/accustomedtodoing,beopposedto,devoteoneselfto,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo等.
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.
Rubbish
Friends
Myuncletooktosmokingyearsago.
SVOC=todo
4.作宾补
结构为：
v+sb+todo常见的动词有:
advise,ask,compel,direct,enable,expect,force,tell,want,urge,persuade等。
Helptodo
Helpdo
Helpsbtodosth
Helpsbdosth
Tellthekidsnottoplayonthestreet.
Helikeshiswifetodresswell.
高频考点:
使役动词+sb+dosth
make/have/letsbdosth
getsbtodosth
感官动词+sb+1.do/2.doing
Do:
动作完成了
Doing:
正在进行ing
Wemusthavesomeonerepairthecomputer.Trap
Wemusthavethecomputer____.
A.repairB.repairedC.repairing
Shesmeltsthburningandsawsmokerising.Do
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious.
Furious
GetFreakedout
Freak
BT
Red-handed
Isawhimswimintheriveryesterday.
完成，
Isawhimswimmingintheriveryesterday.进行ing
20
Available
Enough
Nothing,
5.作定语
to-do作定语需要后置。
Ntodosth
如:
sthtoeatwatertodrink
runningwater
runningnose
walkingdic.
Thereisnoneedtowakehimup.
Didyouhaveaproperreasontosayso?
Shewastheonlypersontogetascholarship.
考点如何产生？
1.用肉眼看，N+todo
2.科学分析时，todo+N
3.tovi+介词N
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocut_with_.
Tocut__with__aknife
Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbooks_on_.
Hehasakidtotakecare_of_.
Shecanfindnoonetomakefriends_with_.
Helentmeabooktokilltime__.
Tokilltime__with__abook
6.作状语
（1）表目的.如：
Weeattoliveorwelivetoeat?
---Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?
---___newofficers.
A.SelectB.Selecting
C.ToselectD.Forselecting
1.onlytodo结果
2.onlytoknow,find,see,hear,notice…
（2）
Hesurvivedtheaircrashonlytodieinthedesert.
Hestudiedhardonlytofail.
Theypartednevertoseeeachother.
-ving（adj）/-ved（★★★★★）
一．区别
1.现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动。
语态
2.现在分词表进行；过去分词表完成。
时态
atouchingstory主动
atouchedaudience被动；完成
therisingsun进行；主动
therisensun完成，
语法
意思吻合°
VingorVed
1.确定它们所充当的充分。
2.挖出参考对象。
二．功能
1.作表语
主语sth….Ving
主语sb….Ved
Themusicispleasingtotheear.
Hebecamediscouraged.
Hegotpromoted.
Thenewswasdisappointing.
2.作宾补ving，ved
参照对象：
宾语
Shesmeltsthburning.
He’shappytoseeheroldmothertakengoodcareofathome.
Bynow
Iwantthiswatchrepaired
atonce.
3.作定语
（1）单个分词作定语前置。
如:
Boilingwater,agrown-updaughter,anescapedprisoner,
（2）分词短语作定语要后置
参照对象：
前面修饰的N
Isawagroupofstudentsreturningfromtheschool.
MostoftheyoungteachersworkinginthisuniversityarePh.D.
Doyouknowthegirlemployedbythiscompany?
SuddenlyJohnsawalittlegirlrunninguptohim.
Thebook,completedinMay,sellswell.
1.作状语
（1）时间/如果
__-ing___（cross）thestreet,youmustbecareful.
→（Whileyouarecrossingthestreet,…）
__seen_（see）fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.
_seeing__（see）fromthetopofthemountain,Ifindthatthecitylooksmorebeautiful.
2009真题第32题（河南省）
____ourearth,appears
A.SeenB.Seeing
C.TobeseenD.Havingseen
___（do）allherfamilychores,themotherbegantowatchTV.
注意：
-ving的时态和否定
一般式doing动作同时或者几乎同时
完成式havingdone动作一先一后
否定式notdoing/havingdone
Shesattherereadingthebook.
Goingintotheroom,heshutthedoor.
HavinglivedinHefeiformanyyears,Iknewthecitywell.
Notknowingwheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelp.
（2）原因
Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?
→（Becausetheywereblind,…）
____intoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
A.born被动，完成
B.beingborn正在被
Beingdone正在被
（3）条件
___ing（Stand）onthebuilding,youcanseethewholecity.
__given_（give）moretime,wearesuretofinishitontime.
（4）方式/伴随
Holdinghisheadhigh,hewalkedpastme.
Hesatathisdeskwriting,pausingtothinkandtolookoutofthewindow.
Theheadmasterwentintothelab,_followed__（follow）bytheforeignguests.
-----，__doing____99%
（5）结果
Janefelloffherbike,cuttingherleg.
Hiswifediedin2,000,leavinghimwith6childrentolookafter.
分词短语做状语（ving/ved）
1.长相
Ving-----，主语+谓语。
Ved-----，主语+谓语。
独立主格做状语
1.with+N+Ving…，
2.withN+Ved…，
3.withN+Todo…（动作没有发生），
自己带主语的分词结构→独立主格结构
1.Weatherpermitting,
Wedividedthework,shetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.
2.withstructure
With+n+-ving,-ved,adj,adv,to-do,prep.
Witheverythingconsider,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.
Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
Sheenteredthetrainstation,withabaginhand.
3.therebeing/itbeing…
Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.
Itbeingimpossibleformoststudentstohandintheirpapers,theteacherdecidedtogivethemanothertwodays.
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