高考英语易错题专题训练阅读理解练习题及答案解析.docx
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高考英语易错题专题训练阅读理解练习题及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Sincewe'veheadedintothesnowypartoftheyear,itseemslikeagoodtimetosolvealanguagepuzzlethatEskimoshaveahugenumberofwordsforsnow.Theideawaspopularizedbythenowwell-knownexpertBenjaminLeeWhorfinthe1940s.HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.
TherearetwoproblemswiththeconceptofEskimoshavingtonsofwordsforsnow.
First,Eskimosspeakatleasttwodifferentlanguages—InuitandYupik.JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,InuitandYupikcomefromadifferentcommonlanguagecalledEskimo-Aleut.SosayingEskimoshave100wordsforsnowislikesayingEuropeanshave100wordsforkingsorqueens.Itmightbetellingyousomethingbroadaboutculture,butitisn'treallytellingyoumuchaboutlanguage.
Thesecondproblemis"Whatisaword?
”TheInuitandYupiklanguagesmakewordsindifferentwaysfromhowwemakewordsinEnglish.Forexample,theWestGreenlandicword'siku,'（seaice）,isusedastherootfor'sikursuit（packice）,'Sikuliaq（newice）,and'sikurluk（meltingice）.Butit'snotthatWestGreenlandichassomanymorewordsfordescribingsnowthanEnglish,it'sjustthatWestGreenlandicexpressesideasbycombiningmeaningfulunitsoflanguagetogetherintoonewordwhileEnglishusesmorephrasesandcompounds.Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.
Soyou'reprobablystillwondering,"Ifit'snot50or100or400words,howmanyisit?
"Well,Woodburylists15thatarepresentinaYupikdictionarypublishedin1984,buthesaysthatdependingonhowyoulookatitthisisnotanexactnumber.Itcouldbe12;itcouldbe24.Butit'scertainlynot100.
Sometimes,the"hundredwordsforsnow"puzzleisusedtoarguethatbecauseEskimoshavesomanywordsforsnow,theythinkaboutsnowinwaysthatwecan'tevenbegintoimagine—thatyourlanguagedecidesorlimitsyourthoughts.Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.Icanthinkaboutsnowfloatingonwaterevenifwedon'thaveawordforthatinEnglish.
Sowhenyou'reoutskiingorsnowboardingorjustshovelingyourdrivewaythiswinter,don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.
（1）WhyareEskimosthoughttohavesomanywordsforsnow?
A. BecausesnowiseverywherewhereEskimoslive.
B. Becausethestoryaboutitgotenrichedandbelieved.
C. BecausesnowisofgreatimportancetoEskimos.
D. BecauseEskimoshavegreataffectionforsnow.
（2）Howdoesthewriterexplainthefirstproblem?
A. Bypresentingfigures.
B. Bymakingcomparisons.
C. Byquotingsayings.
D. Byadoptingidioms.
（3）TheexampleofthewestGreenlandicword'siku'showsthat .
A. themakingofwordsvariesfromlanguagetolanguage
B. theInuitandYupiklanguageshavemorewordsforsnow
C. therichnessofwordsandphrasesleadstodifferentideas
D. morephrasesaboutsnowarefoundintheEnglishlanguage
（4）Whatconclusioncanwesafelydrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A. Eskimosbetterunderstandsnowthanotherpeople.
B. Languagesdeeplyinfluencepeople'sabilitytothink.
C. ThereisnopointcountingEskimo'sexpressionsforsnow.
D. Whatcomesintoourmindislimitedbyourlanguage.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。
出现这一想象的原因是1.爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。
2.词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.”可知，本身BenjaminLeeWhorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。
故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European…”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。
故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。
故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。
由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources（渔业与水产资源局）earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.
Whenthenecropsy（尸检）wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.
BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.
"Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."
BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.
（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?
A. Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.
B. Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.
C. Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.
D. Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.
（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?
A. Wastecollectedfromtheocean. B. Thewholesystemofthewhale.
C. Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody.
D. Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.
（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?
A. Uncommon.
B. Worrying.
C. Inspiring.
D. Mild.
（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic
B. StandUpforProtectingWhales
C. PlasticThreateningOurExistence
D. NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
You'reprobablyusedtotheregularupgradesinourcell-phonenetworks.Therewas2G,whichcamealongin199l,replacedwith3Gin2001,followedby4Gin2009.Nowwe'rehearingaboutthecomingof5G.
But5Gisamuchbiggerleapthanbefore.5G,ofcourse,ismuchfasterthan4Gintherealworldanda5Gphoneina5GcitywillenjoyInternetspeedsbetween9and20timesasfast.Thearrivalof5Galsomeansenormousleapsforwardincapacity－somuchthateverycell-phoneplanwilloffercheap,trulyunlimitedInternetaccess."Theconsequencesofthatarehuge,"saysSherifHanna,Qualcomm'sdirectorof5Gmarketing.Forexample,appswillnolongerdegrade（降低）yourvideoqualityorpostponedownloadingwhenyou'reoutofWi-Firange.Infact,you'llprobablyprefertodoyourdownloadswhenyou'reoncellular（使用流量）because5Gwillbemuchfasterthanwhateverserviceyou'vegotathomeorwork.
"However,noteveryoneisexcitedbythe5Gdevelopment.Thenewstandardgetsitsspeedpartlybyusingexistingtransmission（传输）frequenciesmoreefficientlyandpartlybyusingthemillimeterwaverange.That'sabig,juicylineofradiofrequenciesthatarecurrentlyunderusedbecausemillimeterwaveisreallyhardtouse,"Hannasays.
Thesefrequenciesaremuchhigherthananythingwe'veusedforthecellular,whichmeanstheycanofferunbelievablespeed－butatthecostofrange.Millimeterwavecellulartowershavetobeabout500feetapart.Cellcarriersnotonlywillhavetoupgradealltheircelltransceivers（calledsmallcells）butwillinstall（安装）alotmoreofthemaswell.
That'swhythemillimeterwaveflavorof5G,thesuperfastcoverage,willbeavailableonlyindenselypopulatedcitiessuchasNewYorkandSanFrancisco.Insuburbanandruralareas,5Gwillbr
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