希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx

希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx

《希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《希腊罗马神话期末考试.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

希腊罗马神话期末考试

Section1：

TorF

Section2：

Choice

Section3：

Explainidioms

1.Pandora’sBox灾难之盒

含义：

toopenPandora'sboxmeanstocreateevilthatcannotbeundone.

来源：

Pandora'sboxinvolvesamythologicalstoryinwhichtheaboxwasgiventoahumanwhowaswarnednevertoopenthebox,buthiscuriositymadehimopenitresultinginadisaster.

2.TheHornofAmalthea丰饶角

含义：

Asymbolofabundanceandnourishment,commonlyalargehorn-shapedcontaineroverflowingwithproduce,flowers,nuts,otheredibles,orwealthinsomeform.

来源：

Oneday,asAmaltheaplayedwithlittleZeus,sheaccidentallybrokeoffherhorn.Tomakeupforitandasasignofgratitude,Zeusmadethebrokenhornalwaysbefullofwhateveritsownerdesired.

3.TheMidas/GoldenTouch点石成金

含义：

Abilitytoturneverythinghetouchedintogold.ifsomeonehastheMidastouch,everythingtheydoissuccessfulandmakesmoneyforthem

来源：

Midas’sjobknewnoboundsandassoonashegothome,heorderedtheservantstosetasplendidrepastonthetable.

4.AProcrusteanBed强迫一致

含义：

WhensomethingisProcrustean,differentlengthsorsizesorpropertiesarefittedtoanarbitrarystandard.

来源：

ProcrusteswasaroguesmithandbanditfromAtticawhophysicallyattackedpeoplebystretchingthemorcuttingofftheirlegs,soastoforcethemtofitthesizeofanironbed.

5.SowtheDragonTeeth挑起纠纷

含义：

Thedragon'steeth,onceplanted,wouldgrowintofullyarmedwarriors.

来源：

InGreekmyth,dragon’steethfeatureprominentlyinthelegendsofthePhoenicianprinceCadmusandJason'squestfortheGoldenFleece.

6.AppleofDiscord祸根

含义：

Aeuphemismforasmallmatterthatcouldleadtoabiggerdispute.

来源：

TheGreekgoddessofdiscord,Eris,becamedisgruntledaftershewasexcludedfromtheweddingofPeleusandThetis.Inretaliation,shetossedagoldenappleinscribedKallisti（‘forthemostbeautifulone'）,intotheweddingparty.Threegoddessesclaimedtheapple:

Hera,Athena,andAphrodite.ParisofTroywasappointedtoselecttherecipient.HeawardedtheappletoAphrodite,thusindirectlycausingtheTrojanWar.

7.TheHeelofAchilles唯一的弱点

含义：

Adeadlyweaknessinspiteofoverallstrength,thatcanactuallyorpotentiallyleadstodownfall

来源：

Themythologicaloriginreferstoaphysicalvulnerability,metaphoricalreferencestootherattributesorqualitiesthatcanleadtodownfallarecommon.

ThetistreatedAchilleswithAmbrosia,makinghiminvulnerable.Thetisburnedawayhismortalityinthehousefireexceptontheheel,withwhichhewasheld.

ThetisdippedtheinfantAchillesintheriverStyx,holdingontohimbyhisheel.

8.Penelope’sWeb永远做不完的工作

含义：

Thetacticsofdelayingsthonpurpose;thetaskthatcanneverbefinished

来源：

PenelopeisthewifeofOdysseuswhowascalledtofightintheTrojanWar.Shewaitstwentyyearsforthefinalreturnofherhusband.Inordertoputoffremarriage,Shehasdevisedtrickstodelayhersuitors,oneofwhichistopretendtobeweavingaburialshroudforOdysseus'selderlyfatherLaertesandclaimingthatshewillchooseasuitorwhenshehasfinished.Everynightforthreeyears,sheundoespartoftheshroud,untilMelantho,oneoftwelveunfaithfulservingwomen,discoversherchicaneryandrevealsittothesuitors.

9.BetweenScyllaandCharybdis进退维谷

含义：

BeingbetweenScyllaandCharybdisisanidiomexpressesthemeaningof"havingtochoosebetweentwoevils".

来源：

Scyllawasrationalizedasarockshoal（describedasasix-headedseamonster）ontheItaliansideofthestraitandCharybdiswasawhirlpooloffthecoastofSicily.Theywereregardedasaseahazardlocatedcloseenoughtoeachotherthattheyposedaninescapablethreattopassingsailors;avoidingCharybdismeantpassingtooclosetoScyllaandviceversa.AccordingtoHomer,Odysseuswasforcedtochoosewhichmonstertoconfrontwhilepassingthroughthestrait;heoptedtopassbyScyllaandloseonlyafewsailors,ratherthanriskthelossofhisentireshipinthewhirlpool.

10.NecklaceofHarmonia不祥之物

含义：

NecklaceofHarmoniabroughtgreatmisfortunetoallofitswearersorowners.

来源：

Aphroditeboreadaughter,Harmonia,fromAres'seed.HarmoniamarriedCadmus,thefounderofThebes.Uponhearingoftheroyalengagement,HephaestuspresentedHarmoniawithanexquisitenecklaceasaweddinggift.ThenecklacewasmadebyHephaestus'ownhandandwascursedtobringdisastertoanywhoworeit.

13.ASisypheanTask

含义：

Endlesslylaboriousorfutile

来源：

Sisyphuswasfamedasthecraftiestofmen.HewascondemnedforevertorollahugestoneupahillinHadesonlytohaveitrolldownagainonnearingthetop.

15.GiveacaketoCerberus

含义：

bribe

来源：

CerberusisawatchdogatthegatesofTartarus.Hewouldletthesoulsinbutnotout.Howeverhecouldbebribedwithahoneycakeonoccasionorwithsweetmusic.

Section4：

ExplaininEnglishthemeaningoffollowingterms.15%（5）

1.Anthropomorphism神人同形同性

InGreekmyth,thegodsandgoddessesarenotonlypersonificationsoftheforcesoftheuniverse,theyareseenasbeingsmuchlikecommonmenandwomen.Thetermforthisis“Anthropomorphism”,meaning“intheformofahumanbeing.”

2.TheFiveAgesofMen五个时代

TheGoldenAge;theSilverAge;theBronzeAge;theHeroicAge;theIronAge

3.Tartarus地狱

Thedeeperregion,wheretheTitanshadbeenimprisoned（Tartarusitselfformedadismalpicture,ithadgatesofbronzeguardedbyCerberus,surroundedbyfire,encasedbytriplewall,andwithin,thewailingandcriesofthosebeingpunished.Itistheunderworldzoneofeternaltorment,wherethegreatestsinnershavebeenpunishedfortheirwrongdoing.）

4.TheElysianField天堂领域

TheparadisefortheGreeks

5.TheAsphodelField充满游魂的地方

Afieldinhabitedbywanderingsouls

6.Styx冥河

AriverinHadesacrosswhichCharonferriedthesoulsofthedead.

7.Hubris过分骄傲

Overbearingprideorpresumption.

8.Satyr森林之神，好色的人

SatyrsareatroopofmalecompanionsofPanandDionysus.Inmythstheyareoftenassociatedwithpipe-playing

9.Maenad酒神的女祭司，异常激动的女人

Oftenthemaenadswereportrayedasinspiredbyhimintoastateofecstaticfrenzy,throughacombinationofdancinganddrunkenintoxication.Inthisstate,theywouldloseallself-control.

10.Narcissism自恋

Narcissusisamanwhowasrenownedforhisbeauty.Hewasexceptionallyproud,inthathedisdainedthosewholovedhim.NemesissawthisandattractedNarcissustoapoolwherehesawhisownreflectioninthewaterandfellinlovewithit,notrealizingitwasmerelyanimage.Unabletoleavethebeautyofhisreflection,Narcissusdied.

11.Harpy鹰身女妖

Halfwoman,halfbird；viciouswingedmonster;oftendepictedasabirdwiththeheadofawoman

12.Xenia好客

XeniaistheGreekconceptofhospitality,orgenerosityandcourtesyshowntothosewhoarefarfromhome.

酒神节

（inancientGreece）festivalsofthegodDionysus,anorgiasticfestivalinancientGreeceinhonorofDionysus

羊皮盾（宙斯及其女儿雅典娜所持的帝盾）

AshieldholdbyAthena.

Underone’saegismeansdoingsomethingundertheprotectionofapowerful,knowledgeable,orbenevolentsource.

15.Metamorphosis变形，变质

Apersonorthingdevelopsandchangesintosomethingcompletelydifferent.（变形acompletechangeofphysicalformorsubstanceespeciallyasbymagicorwitchcraft.）

半人半神

Alessimportantgod,especiallyonewhoishalfgodandhalfhuman.

人首马身的动物，半人马

Acreaturewiththehead,arms,andchestofaman,andthebodyandlegsofahorse.（Inclassicalmythology,acentaurisacreaturewiththehead,arms,andbodyofaman,andthebodyandlegsofahorse.）

DeucalionFlood

Aphrodite'smagicgirdlewasagoldengirdlethatcausedmenandgodstofallhopelesslyinlovewithher.（ZeusvisitedArcadiaandThessaly，anddislikedthedeadlywrongsofmen．Hedecidedtocleartheearthofthemall．WithouthesitationhereleasedtherainysouthwindandcalledupontheheartlessPoseidontohelp．Soonthewholeworldsankinavastocean，andtheentirehumanracedisappearedintheunheardofflood，allbuttwopoorThessalians．）

Section5：

Essayquestions15%（3）

Unit1:

Examplesofmythologicalaccountsexplainingtheexplainable.

UranuslayuponGaiaandmadelovetoherwithoutstop.（Theinterplaybetweenrainandsoilthatmakesplantscometolifeandgrow.）

HumanBeingsfashionedfromclay

GodsandheroesdescendingintotheUndergroundinthewestandemergingintheEast.（SunrisesintheEastandsetsintheWest.）

PersephonelivedthreemonthsintheUndergroundwithherhusbandandreturnedtolivewithhermotherDemeterfortherestofyear.（Thereturnofspringafterwinter.）

Eros,equippedwithhissharpandbluntarrows,bringsaboutmanytragediesofhumanlove.（Freud’stheoryaboutloveorsexasthemostfundamentaldrivefromhumans.）

Unit2:

Similaritiesbetween“thefirstwoman”intheGreek（Pandora）andChristiancreationmyth（Eve）

Evewastheinstigatoroftbewholeaffair,forthroughherbeautyandherwilessheseducedAdamtotasteoftheforbiddenfruit.

"Womanislikeanapple,lovelywithout,rottenwithin."

Evewasluredbythesnake.Pandorawasdrivenbyhercuriosity.Theirbehaviorscausedevilandplaguestohuman-beings.

Unit3:

ReasonsthatancientGreekstendtodepictZeusasapromiscuousman,anunfaithfulhusband

Zeus’fatalWeaknesses:

anuncontrollablelustforsexualdrive

Thisshowstheanthropomorphism.Theancientemperorsusuallyhadmanylovers,sotheGreeksdepictZeusasapromiscuousman.ThisalsoshowstheancientGreeks’imaginationforaman.Reproductionisblessing.

Unit4:

SymbolicmeaningofOliveTreeintheGreekstoryandHolyBible

WhenPoseidonandAthenadisputedastowhichofthemshouldgi