清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx

清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法.docx

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清华大学英语水平二常用词语与表达法

写作题型与篇章结构

写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：

1.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Peopleareneversatisfiedwithwhattheyhave.Theyalwayswantsomethingmoreorsomethingdifferent.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourposition.

该题型的篇章结构：

第一段：

引言〔明确观点：

支持/反对〕

第二段：

支持/反对理由一

第三段：

支持/反对理由二

〔第四段：

支持/反对理由三〕

第五段：

结论〔归纳或重申观点〕

2.Someschoolsencouragetheirstudentstotakepartinteamsports,suchasfootball,baseball,andbasketball.Otherschoolsplacegreateremphasisonsuchindividualsportsastennis,running,andswimming.Whichtypeofsportsprogramwouldyouremendforteenagers?

Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

该题型的篇章结构：

〔1〕第一段：

引言〔用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性〕

第二段：

第一种观点的合理性

第三段：

第二种观点的合理性

第四段：

结论〔自己的观点与两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点〕

〔2〕第一段：

引言〔略提与自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确明确自己支持的观点〕

第二段：

自己支持的观点论据一

第三段：

自己支持的观点论据二

〔第四段：

自己支持的观点论据三〕

第五段：

结论〔重申自己的观点〕

3.Inventionssuchaseyeglassesandthesewingmachinehavehadanimportanteffectonyourlives.Chooseanotherinventionthatyouthinkisimportant.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.

该题型的篇章结构：

第一段：

引言〔明确话题〕

第二段：

讨论话题第一方面

第三段：

讨论话题第二方面

〔第四段：

讨论话题第三方面〕

第五段：

结论〔总结前面提到的几个方面〕

X文1：

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?

Televisionhashelpedimprovestandardsofeducation.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.

Idisagreethattelevisionhashelpedimprovedstandardsofeducationforanumberofreasons.Thefirstandprobablythemostimportantreasonistheprogramming.Aroundtheworlditismovies,sit-,soapoperas,popmusicandtalkshowswhichdominateTVscreens.Theremaybenothingwrongwiththese,andtheyarecertainlypopularwithaudiences,butthecontentoftheseprogramshasnothelpedtomakepeoplebettereducated.

Typicaltelevisionprogramshavealsohadabadeffectonviewers?

Attentionspan,thatis,onhowlongtheycanconcentrate.MostTVprogramsdonotrequiremuchconcentrationandyoungviewers,especially,getusedtothis.Education,ontheotherhand,doesrequireconcentrationandyoungpeoplefindthisincreasinglydifficult.

Anothercharacteristicoftelevisionisthatitencouragesapassiveattitudeinviewersinsteadofanactiveone.MostpopularTVprogramsencourageanuncriticalresponse,buteducationrequiresyoutothinkaboutwhatispresentedtoyou,toreacttoitandinsomewaytomakeuseofit.Inaddition,passiveTV-watchinghasoftentakentheplaceofmoreactivepursuitssuchasreading,music,playingboardgamesandconversation,allofwhicharemoreeducationalthanatypicaleveningofTV.

Finally,itseemstobetruethattelevisionmakesitdifficultforviewers,especiallyyoungones,todistinguishproperlybetweenfactandfiction.Thisconfusion,whichisreallyanotherkindofuncriticalresponse,againworksagainsteducationalprinciples.

Televisionhasdonemanygoodthings.Itentertainslonely,oldandsickpeople;itcertainlyhelpscountries’economiesbysellingproducts,andcanbeveryinformativebybringingnewsfromaroundthelocality,thecountryandtheworldintopeoples’homes.However,bymakingpeoplepassiveanduncritical,televisionhasanegativeeffectoneducation.

X文2：

Therehavebeenmanyargumentsinrecentyearswhethernuclearenergyshouldbeusedtogenerateelectricity.Doyouthinknuclearenergyshouldorshouldnotbeusedforthispurposeinyourcountry?

Whichsidedoyouagreewith?

Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisimportanttolookattheargumentsonbothsides.Peoplewhosupportusingnuclearenergytoproduceelectricityusuallygivesomeorallofthefollowingreasons.Thefirstargumentisthatitispotentiallycheaperthananyotherway.Thesecondisthatotherwaysofproducingelectricityrequirenonrenewableresources,suchascoalandoil,andonedaythesewillbeusedup.This,theysay,isnotthecaseifweusenuclearenergy.Thethirdreasonismoreofapoliticalone:

somecountriesdonothavetherawmaterials,suchascoal,oilorwater,whichareneededtogenerateelectricityandsotheyhavetodependtoomuchonothercountries.

Peoplewhoattackusingnuclearenergyforgeneratingelectricitygenerallysaythatitistoodangerous,bothnowandinthefuture.Theypointtoseverenuclearaccidents,suchasChernobyl,andsomeothersintheUnitedStates,andsaythattheeffectsaresobadthattheriskofanaccident,eveniftheriskisverysmall,isnotworthwhile.Theyalsooftensaythattherewillbeproblemsinthefutureofhowtostorethedangerouswastefromoldnuclearpowerstations,whichcanbedeadlyforthousandsofyears.

Asfarasmyowncountryisconcerned,Ibelievetherearetwomainreasonswhyitshouldnottrytousenuclearenergyatthistime.Firstly,wehaveplentyofoilandhydroelectricenergyfromwhichtogenerateelectricity.Secondly,ifcountriesliketheUnitedStatesandRussiacansuffernuclearaccidents,itwouldbeverydifficulttoguaranteesafetyinmycountry.Furthermore,wehavemanybetterandmoreurgentthingstodowiththemoney.

常用词语与表达法

1.Introductory:

generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,parativelyspeaking,paratively,ingeneral,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,toacertaindegree,inmyopinion,inmyview,tomymind,asforme,asfarasIamconcerned,onapersonallevel,atanindividuallevel,froma（personalandpsychological）perspective,insomecases,insomerespects,onalargerscale,atalocallevel,totaketheideafurther,totaketheabovepointtoanextreme,puttingthediscussioninawidercontext,followingthesamelineof…,traditionally,unfortunately,obviously,undoubtedly,practicallyspeaking,simplisticallyspeaking,economicallyspeaking,financiallyspeaking,intermsof,attheriskofsoundingtoocold,inaslightlycoldcalculation,attheriskofsoundingtoodirect.

2.parison:

similarly,likewise,inthesameway,equallyimportant,like,both…and…,thesameas,（have…）inmon,inanotdissimilarway

3.Contrast:

onthecontrary,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,otherwise,unlike,insharpcontrast,whereas,ratherthan,conversely,instead,bycontrast

4.Exemplification:

forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,asanillustration,suchas,namely,thatis,like,say

5.Enumeraion:

first,second,inthefirstplace,initially,firstofall,tobeginwith,tostartwith,firstandforemost,inthesecondplace,next,also,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore,beyondthat,foronething,foranother,finally,supremely,eventually

6.Cause:

because…,becauseof,as,since,for,owingto,dueto,onaccountof,asaresultof

7.Concession:

although,nevertheless,however,but,yet,admittedly,itistrue…but,inspiteof,eventhough,grantedthat…,attheveryworse

8.Emphasis:

chiefly,especially,indeed,infact,certainly,particularly,tobesure,actually,aboveall,surely,mostimportantofall,evenworse,nodoubt,needlesstosay,moreoftenthannot

9.Result:

thus,so,consequently,hence,therefore,accordingly,asaresult,forthisreason,asaconsequence,onthataccount,itfollowsthat…

10.Summary:

inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,onthewhole,finally,tosumup,toconclude,inaword

常用句型

Argumentation

1、Theideaof…isnotwithoutadvantages.

2、Nonetheless,poundforpound,Ireckonthat…ismoreadvantageous.

3、Myviewisthat……

4、Likewise,monsensetellsusthat……

5、Manypeoplewouldclaimthat……

6、Ialsoseeamoreserousreasonforpreferringto……

7、A,bycontrast,isblessedwithadvantages.

8、AnotherreasonwhyIwouldusuallypreferto……isthat……

9、Icanseethatmanyoftheadvantagesof……seemobvious.

10、Whatisalsoworthnoticingisthat……

11、Itmightalsobenotedthat……

12、Ifweturnourattentionto……，weseethat……

13、Thereisnoevidencetosuggestthat……

14、Thechiefstrengthof……is……

15、AfurtherreasonwhyIadvocateanattitudeof……isthat……

Exemplification

1.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheideathantheexampleof……

2.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationoftheviewthanthefactof……

3.Numerousotherexamplesmightbegiveneasily,butthesewillsuffice.

4.wemayciteasingleexampleof……

5.historypresentsmanyexamplesof……

6.Thesituationisnotrare,itisoneofmanyexamplesIhaveencountered.

7.oneveryamusingexampleofthisis……

Conclusion

1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat……

2.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat……

3.Judgingfromalltheevidenceoffered,wemaysafelyetotheconclusionthat……

4.Alltheevidencesupportsanunmistakableconclusionthat……

5.Alltheanalysisjustifiesanunshakableviewthat……

6.Alltheevidenceconfirmsasoundideathat……

7.Personalexperienceleadsmetotheconclusionthat……

8.Iagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseitseemstomethat……

9.Aboveall,Ihavesupportedthestatementthatitisbetterto……because……

10.Tobefair,Imustownuptheadvantagethat……,butIfirmlybelievethat……

听力模拟题一

Question1-4

pletethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

NOTESONSOCIALPROGRAMME

ExampleAnswer

Numberoftripspermonth:

5

visitplaceswhichhave:

·historicalinterest

·good1

·2

Cost:

between￡5.00and￡15.00perperson

Note:

specialtripsorganizedforgroupsof3people

Time:

departure–8.30a.m.

return–6.00p.m.

Toreserveaseat:

signnameonthe43daysinadvance

Question5-10

pletethetablebelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

WEEKENDTRIPS

Place

Date

Numberofseats

Optionale