高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解统编题一2.docx

高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解统编题一2.docx

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高考英语一轮复习阅读理解统编题一2

营口市（辽宁）2017高考英语一轮阅读理解统编题

（一）

（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

Massesoffloatingicearesolargethattheydwarf__your__ship，makingyouquestionwhetheryourshipstillcanbespottedamongsuchfloatingmountains.Theyaresoimprobablelookingthatyousimplylookinwonder.Itseemsthatnothingthatlargecouldbenatural—andthenitstrikesyouthatsomethingsolargecouldonlybenatural.

Now，peoplerealizethatasclimatechangeisraisingglobaltemperatures，moreicebergsarebeingborn.AntarcticacreatesfarmoreofthemthanGreenland，thesourceofbergsinArcticwaters.Antarctica'sarealsomuchlarger，sometimesreachingthesizeofsmallcountries.Recentdatashowtheaverageatmospherictemperaturehasincreasedabout4.5inthewesternAntarcticPeninsulasincethe1940s，makingtheregion，amongthefastestwarmingonearth.ThisjumphasbeenshownintherecentbreakingofmajoriceshelvesalongtheAntarcticPeninsula.Asaresult，thousandsofnewicebergshavebrokenoff，fromiceshelvesintotheSouthernOceanatanacceleratedrate.

Evenasmoreicebergsarebeingcreated，scientistsarelearningthattheyarefarfrominactivemassesofice.Infact，theystrikinglyaltertheirenvironmentsbiologically，chemically，andphysically，makingthemislandsoflifeintheopensea.Observersatseahavelongremarkedthattheyattractseals，andseabirds，anddivershavenoticedthatfisharemorenumerousnearthemthaninthesurroundingsea.Nowscientistsarelearningjustwhattheattractionisallabout.

Dependingontheirsize，location，andtheseason，icebergscanbenurturers（培养者）ordestroyers.Duringtheirexistence—typicallyyearsfrombreakingofffromanAntarcticorGreenlandicglaciertotheirgradualmeltingastheyfloatintoloweraltitudes，theysupportanimalson，around，eveninsidetheirsplendidicecastle.Theyfertilizetheoceanwithnutrients，increasingseacreatureproduction.Groundedbergscanshelterareasoftheseafloor，protectingbottom－livingcreaturesfromfree－floatingicebergs.However，largebergscanalsotrapseaice，preventingitsannualbreakupandthusstoppingphytoplankton（浮游植物）fromgettinglife—givingsunlight，breakingthefoodchainatitsfirstlink.

Icebergswillcontinuetoastonishandattractvisitorstothepolarregions.Butnowthesefrozenlargemassesaretakingonanewdimensionofwonderasweuncovertheirvitalroleintheenvironmentofpolarseas.Nolongercanwelookaticebergsasmerepassivewhitemountainsfloatinginthesea.Theyareactiveagentsofchange，eachoneisanicyoasiswithawakeoflifeasitfloatsonitsunstoppableoceanicjourneytomelting.

【语篇解读】　本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。

冰山的增多从生物、化学、物理等多个方面改变着环境，对海洋既有利也有弊。

1．Whydoestheauthormention“dwarf__your__ship”inthefirstparagraph?

A．Toexplainhownaturalicebergsare.

B．Toshowhowpowerfulicebergsare.

C.Todescribeicebergsasfloatingships.

D．Totelltheunbelievablesizeoficebergs.

答案　D　[推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句Massesoffloatingicearesolargethattheydwarfyourship，makingyouquestion...suchfloatingmountains.可知作者是想表达冰山难以置信得大。

]

2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．ThetemperatureinArcticisrisingfasterthanthatinAntarctica.

B．Theoceanfoodchainbreaksduetothemeltingoficebergs.

C．Floatingicebergshelpshelterbottom－livingoceancreatures.

D．Globalwarminghaskeptbringingicebergsintobeing.

答案　D　[细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知D项正确。

根据第二段第四句．..theaverageatmospherictemperature...amongthefastestwarmingonearth.可知A项错误；根据第四段第四句Groundedbergscan...fromfreefloatingicebergs可知C项错误；根据第四段第五句However，largebergs...atitsfirstlink.可知B项不正确。

]

3．Fromthepassagewecanconcludethaticebergscan________．

A．preserveoceancreatures

B．carryoceannutrientsaway

C．createawarmpolarenvironment

D．keepseaanimalsawayfrompolarseas

答案　A　[细节理解题。

根据第四段第三句Theyfertilizetheoceanwithnutrients，increasingseacreatureproduction.可知A项正确。

]

4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardicebergs?

A．Cautious.B．Objective.

C．Doubtful.D．Disapproving.

答案　B　[推理判断题。

通读全文可知作者只是在客观描述事实，并未表达任何个人观点，因此B项正确。

cautious意为“谨慎的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的”。

]

[史地自然型阅读理解]

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.

Forthousandsofyears，PolynesianpeoplelivedintheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.

However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit，bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted，whichreducedthepopulationfrom1，400to900.

Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸盐）ontheisland.Infact，itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate，whichwasaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.

Aphosphateminewasnotaholeintheground；itwasastripmine.Whenacompanystripmined，itremovedthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittookawaythematerialitwanted.Stripminingtotallydestroyedtheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.

In1968，Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.

Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000，Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433，600，000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.

1．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.

B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.

C．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

2．WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?

A．Richandpowerful.

B．Modernandopen.

C．Peacefulandattractive.

D．Greedyandaggressive.

3．TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________．

A．soilpollution

B．phosphateovermining

C．farmingactivity

D．whalehunting

4．WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?

A．Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.

B．Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.

C．Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.

D．Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.

5．WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?

A．Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

B．Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.

C．TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.

D．Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.

（一）

【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。

1．B　写作意图题。

由文章第一段的“Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。

故选B项。

2.C　细节理解题。

从第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。

故选C项。

3．B　细节理解题。

由最后一段的“Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.”可以得知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。

由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。

故选B项。

4．A　细节理解题。

由最后一段的“Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”看出，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。

故选A项。

5．A　推理判断题。

文章最后告诉我们：

Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433，600，000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。

故选A项。

[史地自然型阅读理解]-----

（二）

Ifyouareafraidofthedark，it'snotabigdeal.It'sperfectlynormaltofeelafraid.Afterall，animalsdo，too.“Fearmatters，”saysKarenWarkentin，anecologist.“It'sagoodthing，”sheadds,“becausefearmakesyoudothingsthatkeepyoualive.”

Likekids，manyanimalsexperiencefearandtheyrespondtothefeelinginvarietyofways.Afrightenedturtlepullsitsheadandlegsinsideitsshell.Asmallfishwillswimawaywhenabig，hungryfishapproaches.

Someanimalsrespondtofearinwaysyoumightnotexpect.Thefirstexampleisthatthefearofbeingeatencanscaresomefrogsrightoutoftheireggs.WarkentinmadethesurprisingdiscoverywhilestudyingredeyedtreefrogsinCostaRica.

Inthisspecies，femalefrogsattachjellylikeclumps（果冻一样的块状物）oftheireggstotheundersidesofleaves.Theleaveshangonbranchesthatdangle（悬挂）overponds.Aftertheyhatchfromtheeggs，thetadpoles（蝌蚪）thenfallintothewater，wheretheyeventuallygrowintoadultfrogs.

Treefrogeggsusuallygrowfor6daysbeforehatching.Iftheysensethatahungrysnakeisabouttoattack，however，theycanhatchupto2daysaheadoftheschedule.Asthesnakesareunabletoswim，byfallingintothewaterearly，thetadpolescanescape.

Ifhatchingearlyhelpsprotectredeyedtreefrogsfromsnakes，youmightwonderwhytheireggsdon'talwayshatchsooner.Itturnsoutthathatchingearlybringsitsowndanger.Oncetadpoleslandinthewater，hungryfishandotheranimalsliketoeatthem,too.Stayingintheireggsfor6days，then，allowsfrogembryos（胚胎）togrowbigandstrong.Thisextragrowthimprovestheirchancesofsurvivinginthewater.

1．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatfears________．

A．helpanimalsgrowbiggerandstronger

B．arelesscommonamongyounganimals

C．helpanimals