高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合及答案解析.docx
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高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Oneofmyfavoritehobbiesisexchangingold-fashioned,paper-with-a-stamp-on-itpostcardswithrandomstrangersaroundtheworld.
ThePostcrossingProjectwascreatedbyPauloMagalhaesin2005.Helikedgettingmails—especiallypostcards.Hethoughtothersdid,too—buthowcouldheconnectwiththem?
That'swhenhecameupwiththeideaofanonlineplatform():
There,postcardloverslikemecansignuptosendapostcardtosomeonewhohasregisteredonline,andreceiveapostcardinreturn.
Alongwitharandomlyselectedaddress,participantsgetauniquecodetoputonthepostcard.Whenthepostcardarrives,therecipientregistersthatcodewiththesite,whichthencausesthesender'saddresstobegiventoanotherpostcrosserinturn.Inpractice,thismeansthatfornearlyeverypostcardIsend(afewgetlostinthemail)Igetoneback.AndsinceIneverknowwhowillsendmeacardorwhereintheworldtheylive,everytriptothemailboxholdsthepotentialforawonderfulsurprise.
Privacy-consciousAmericansmightworryaboutsharingtheiraddresswithstrangersoverseas.Butpostcrossersarefriendly,polite,respectfulfolks—inmorethan450cardsexchanged,I'veyettohaveabadexperience.
Ondayswhentheinternationalnewsisdepressing,postcrossingismycomfort.There'snothinglikegettingacardfromachildinChinajustlearningtowriteinEnglish,oragrandmotherinBelarusdescribinghermostrecentgardeningsuccesstoremindmethatwetrulyaremembersofoneglobalfamily,farmoresimilarthanwearedifferent.
Itseemslikesuchasmallthingtosendoutapostcard.Butastravelandcommunicationtechnologycontinuetoshrinktheworld,it'simportanttorememberthatitisn'tjustfordiplomatsandpoliticianstorepresentourcountryanymore.Allofushavethepower—andperhapstheresponsibility—tobeambassadors,toshowthebestofyourcountrytotheworld.
Andit'sgoodtoknowthatwhatyouneedtoaccomplishthisisnotnecessarilycomplicatedorexpensive.Itcanbeassimpleasapostcard.
(1)WhydidPaulosetup?
A. Todiscusspersonalhobbieswithstrangers.
B. Toexchangepostcardswithothersintheworld
C. Tocollectdifferentpostcardsfromothercountries.
D. Toprovideaplatformforcommunicationonline.
(2)Accordingtothepassage,postcrossers__________.
A. don'tknowwhowillsendthempostcards
B. aresuretogetapostcardbackimmediately
C. oftenchooseareceiver'saddresscarefully
D. registereverypostcardtheyreceiveonline
(3)Whatdidthewriterlearnfrompostcrossing?
A. Theinternationalnewsisusuallydepressing.
B. Americansaremoreconsciousaboutprivacy.
C. Postcrosserssometimesdescribetheirbadexperience.
D. Thewholeworldisactuallyabigfamily.
(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?
A. Choosingadiplomattorepresentacountry.
B. Havingtheresponsibilitytobeanambassador.
C. Showingthebestofyourcountry.
D. Shrinkingtheworldwithcommunicationtechnology.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了网站,一个可以让世界各地的陌生人交换老式的、带有邮票的明信片的网站,由PauloMagalhaes在2005年创立。
文章说明了在这个网站和他人交换明信片的方式,以及作者认为这是一种能够向世界展示自己国家最好的一面的方式,而且它并不复杂也不昂贵。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“That'swhenhecameupwiththeideaofanonlineplatform():
There,postcardloverslikemecansignuptosendapostcardtosomeonewhohasregisteredonline,andreceiveapostcardinreturn.”就在那时,他想到了一个在线平台():
在那里,像我这样的明信片爱好者可以注册,向网上注册的用户发送明信片,并收到明信片作为回报。
可知保罗建立了是为了和世界上的其他人交换明信片。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AndsinceIneverknowwhowillsendmeacardorwhereintheworldtheylive,everytriptothemailboxholdsthepotentialforawonderfulsurprise.”因为我不知道谁会给我寄贺卡,也不知道他们住在世界的什么地方,所以每次去邮箱都有可能带来惊喜。
可知postcrosser并不知道谁会给他们寄明信片。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“There'snothinglikegettingacardfromachildinChinajustlearningtowriteinEnglish,oragrandmotherinBelarusdescribinghermostrecentgardeningsuccesstoremindmethatwetrulyaremembersofoneglobalfamily,farmoresimilarthanwearedifferent.”在中国,没有什么比收到孩子们寄来的贺卡更能提醒我,我们是同一个全球大家庭的一员,相似之处远远多于不同之处。
)可知作者从postcrossing中认识整个世界实际上是一个大家庭。
故选D。
(4)考查代词指代。
根据倒数第二段中的“Allofushavethepower—andperhapstheresponsibility—tobeambassadors,toshowthebestofyourcountrytotheworld.”我们所有人都有能力——或许也有责任——成为大使,向世界展示你们国家最好的一面。
可知要向世界展示自己国家最好的一面,你需要做的并不复杂也不昂贵。
故this指代“展示你国家最好的一面。
”故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Antarcticahasbecomeoneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.Since1969,theaveragenumberofvisitorstothecontinenthasincreasedfromseveralhundredtoover34,000today.AllactivitiesinAntarcticaareheavilysupervisedbytheAntarctictreatyforenvironmentalprotectionpurposesandtheindustryislargelymanagedbytheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticaTourOperators(IAATO).
Thefirstexpedition(探险)toAntarcticawithtravelerswasin1966,ledbySwedishexplorerLarsEricLindblad.Hewantedtogivetouristsfirst-handexperienceoftheecologicalsensitivityoftheAntarcticenvironment,inordertoeducatethemandpromoteagreaterunderstandingofthecontinent'sroleintheworld.In1969,Lindbladbuilttheworld'sfirstexpeditionship,theMSLindbladExplorer,whichwasspecificallydesignedtotransporttouriststoAntarctica.
In1977,bothAustraliaandNewZealandstartedtoofferscenicflightstoAntarcticathroughQantasandAirNewZealand.Theflightsoftenflewtothecontinentwithoutlandingandreturnedtothedepartureairport.Theexperiencewasanaverage12to14hourswithupto4hoursofflyingdirectlyoverthecontinent.TheflightsfromAustraliaandNewZealandstoppedin1980.ItwaslargelyduetotheAirNewZealandFlight901accidentonNovember28,1979.In1994,flightstoAntarcticacontinuedagain.
Despitethepotentialdangersandrisks,tripstoAntarcticacontinuedtogrow.AccordingtoIAATO,34,354travelersvisitedthecontinentbetween2012and2013.Americanscontributedtothelargestsharewith10,677visitors,or31.1%,followedbyGermans11.1%,Australians10.7%,andtheBritish10.2%.TherestofthevisitorswerefromChina,Canada,Switzerland,Franceandelsewhere.
ThecostofatriptoAntarcticacanrangefromaslittleas$3,000-$4,000toover$40,000,dependingonthescopeoftransportation,housing,andactivityneeds.Thehigherendpackagestypicallyinvolveairtransport,on-sitecamping,andavisittotheSouthPole.
(1)Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"supervised"inParagraph1?
A. Protected.
B. Monitored.
C. Supported.
D. Forbidden.
(2)What'sLarsEricLindblad'soriginalpurposeingettingtoAntarctica?
A. TomakehimselfthefirstexplorertogotoAntarctica.
B. TotransportmoreandmoretouriststoAntarctica.
C. Togetfirst-handexperienceofpreciousresources.
D. Toletpeopleknowthesignificanceofthecontinent.
(3)WhatdoweknowabouttheflightstoAntarctica?
A. Theywereoncecancelledformorethantenyearsduetodangers.
B. NaturalconditionsofAntarcticaareunabletosupporttheirlanding.
C. Ittakes14hourstoflyfromNewZealandtoAntarcticadirectly.
D. AirNewZealandhasmuchsuccessindevelopingAntarctictourism.
(4)Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A. ItisveryconvenientforAmericanstotraveltoAntarctica.
B. Thetravelersusuallyhave4hours'sightseeingonthecontinent.
C. ThenumberofpeopletravellingtoAntarcticaisincreasing.
D. NewZealandisthefirstcountrytoofferscenicflightstoAntarctica.
(5)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. ThedevelopmentofAntarctica
B. Antarctica,adreamtouristattraction
C. ThehistoryoftourisminAntarctica
D. IAATO,agreatorganization
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
(5)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了南极洲已经成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,同时按照时间顺序说明了南极洲的旅游业历史,尽管存在潜在的危险和风险,前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加,以及南极洲之旅的费用情况。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的”bytheAntarctictreatyforenvironmentalprotectionpurposesandtheindustryislargelymanagedbytheInternationalAssociationofAntarcticaTourOperators(IAATO).“可知由于南极洲的旅行人数增多,为了保护环境,在南极洲的所有活动都受到《南极条约》的严格监督,旅游业主要由国际南极旅游经营者协会管理。
故可推测划线单词意思为“监督”。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Hewantedtogivetouristsfirst-handexperienceoftheecologicalsensitivityoftheAntarcticenvironment,inordertoeducatethemandpromoteagreaterunderstandingofthecontinent'sroleintheworld.“他想让游客亲身体验南极环境的生态敏感性,以便教育他们,并促进他们更好地了解南极在世界上的作用。
可知LarsEricLindblad去南极洲的最初目的是为了让人们知道南极洲大陆的重要性。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”TheflightsfromAustraliaandNewZealandstoppedin1980.ItwaslargelyduetotheAirNewZealandFlight901accidentonNovember28,1979.In1994,flightstoAntarcticacontinuedagain.“来自澳大利亚和新西兰的航班于1980年停飞。
这主要是由于1979年11月28日新西兰航空公司901航班的事故。
1994年,前往南极洲的飞行再次继续。
可知飞往南极洲的航班曾经因为危险而被取消了十多年。
故选A。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Since1969,theaveragenumberofvisitorstothecontinenthasincreasedfromseveralhundredtoover34,000today.“自1969年以来,到南极洲大陆的平均游客人数已经从几百人增加到今天的34000多人;以及倒数第二段中的”Despitethepotentialdangersandrisks,tripstoAntarcticacontinuedtogrow.“尽管存在潜在的危险和风险,前往南极洲的旅行仍在增加。
可知前往南极洲的人数正在增加。
故选C。
(5)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的”ThefirstexpeditiontoAntarcticawithtravelerswasin1966,ledbySwedishexplorerLarsEricLindblad.“1966年,由瑞典探险家LarsEricLindblad带领的探险队首次随旅行者前往南极洲。
以及文章主要内容为介绍南极洲旅游行业的历史,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇旅游类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."Itsuggeststhatitwouldbepossible