被动语态888.docx

上传人:b****4 文档编号:24650900 上传时间:2023-05-29 格式:DOCX 页数:15 大小:26.77KB
下载 相关 举报
被动语态888.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共15页
被动语态888.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共15页
被动语态888.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共15页
被动语态888.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共15页
被动语态888.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共15页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

被动语态888.docx

《被动语态888.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《被动语态888.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

被动语态888.docx

被动语态888

被动语态讲解

 一、总述:

英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如:

1.Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。

(主动语态)

2.Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。

(被动语态)

汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:

助动词be+动词的过去分词。

二、被动语态的形式:

1)常用时态被动语态的构成:

一般现在时:

am/is/are+given

一般过去时:

was/were+given

一般将来时:

shall/will+be+given现在进行时:

am/is/are+being+given

现在完成时:

have/has+been+given

含情态动词的被动语态:

情态动词+be+given

2)被动语态的否定式:

在第一个助动词后加not构成。

如:

1.Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。

2.Alotoftallbuildingswillnotbebuiltheresoon.这儿不会很快建许多高楼。

3)被动语态的疑问式:

把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。

如:

1.Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday?

 昨天山上种了许多树吗?

 

   2.How much money was stolen in all?

 一共被偷了多少钱?

 

三、被动语态使用范围:

▲谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。

动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。

如:

1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.上周一些邮票被偷了。

(谁做的动作不知道)

2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.

中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。

(说出谁做的没必要)

3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.大多数中学踢足球。

(动作承受者需强调)

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法:

转换图示:

 

 

▲主动语态变被动语态口诀:

宾语提前主语变,谓语要把被动变,原主变宾by后见,时态人称be关键。

1)主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:

1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

注意:

如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。

如:

Tombeathim.→HewasbeatenbyTom.汤姆打败了他。

→他被汤姆打败了。

2.将动词改为"be+过去分词"的被动形式。

注意:

被动语态谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

如:

Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。

3.将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词及短语之后。

注意:

如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。

如:

Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.他唱了一首歌。

2)含直接宾语和间接宾语(双宾语)的句子:

“主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)”可变两种被动语态。

如:

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.我叔叔在我生日那天给了我一件礼物。

间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)

1.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncleonmybirthday.间接宾语(sb.)作主语

2.Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncleonmybirthday.直接宾语(sth.)作主语

注意:

当直接宾语变被动语态的主语时,①一般在下列动词后bring,give,hand,lend,pass,pay,sell,show,take,teach,tell等,间接宾语前加介词to。

如:

1.Ilenthermybike.→Mybikewaslenttoherbyme.我的自行车被我借给他了。

2.Theteachershowedtheclassthecup.→Thecupwasshowedtotheclassbytheteacher.

这个茶杯被老师拿给同学们看了。

②一般在下列动词后build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,find,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等,间接宾语前加介词for,如:

1.Mothermademeanewskirt.→AnewskirtwasmadeformebyMother.

妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。

2.Mothercookedusthemeat.→ThemeatwascookedforusbyMother.

妈妈为我们煮的肉。

3.Theyplayedussomecountrymusic.→Somecountrymusicwasplayedforusbythem.

他们为我们演奏了一些乡村音乐。

3)在lookat,see,watch,notice,listento,hear,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语。

如:

1.IoftenhearLucysinginherroom.→Lucyisoftenheardtosingbymeinherroom.

我经常听见露西在她房间里唱歌。

2.HesawMr.Johngointothelibrary.→Mr.Johnwasseentogointothelibrarybyhim.

他看见约翰先生走进了图书馆。

五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:

1.系动词无被动语态,以主动形式表示被动之意。

常见的系动词有:

①be动词Heisastudent.他是一个学生。

(只有主动形式及意义)

②……起来(7个):

look/seem/appear,feel,sound,smell,taste

e.g.1、Shelooks/seems/appearshappy.她看起来/好像/看来很高兴。

2、Ittastesterrible.它尝起来糟糕。

3、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。

4、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。

③(逐渐)变得/变成:

become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.1、Hiswishhascometrue.他的愿望已经实现。

2、Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.过去人们经常挨饿。

3、Thetreeisgrowingtall.这棵树正在长高。

④保持:

keep,stay

e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.我们必须在阅览室保持安静。

2.不及物动词及短语sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear,happen,cost,take,takeplace,breakout,belongto等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。

 

e.g.1、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)

 Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.昨天发生了一起事故。

 2、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。

3、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。

4、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。

5、Thesupermarketopensat8:

00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。

6、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。

7、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。

8、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)

 

六、被动语态提高巩固练习:

1.变被动语态:

1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.

Knives____________forcuttingthingsbypeople.

2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.

Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________bythestudentstwiceamonth.

3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.

________________________onthefloorbyme.

4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.

She_____________toreturnthebookintimebyme.

5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.

He___________________________onlytwomealsadaybyhisdoctor.

6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.

Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthembypeople.

7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?

___________________________byyouatthistimelasttime?

8.weMustfinishourworktoday?

ourwork_____________today?

10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.

Tom_______________toturnonthecomputerbytheteacher.

11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.

Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.

Thebike___________________intwodays.

13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.

Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.

14.ThestudentsstudyFrenchinthisschool.

French_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.

15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?

______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

2.在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式:

1.Teenagersshould_______(allow)togooutatnight.

2.Thetelephone________(invent)byBellmanyyearsago.

3.English_______(speak)inChina.

4.Thecar_______(make)inChina.

5.Theroommust____________(clean)everyday.

6.---Istheseat_____________byanyone?

(take)---No,youcansithere.

7.Thekindofpen___________well,soit__________well,too.(write;sell)

8.Thethief___________bythepoliceand___________toprisonlastmonth.(catch;send)

9.---When_________theswimmingclub___________?

(setup)---In2006.

10.----Whataretheydoingwiththewallnow?

---It__________bysomeworkersatthemoment.(paint)

15.Greatchanges______________intheareainthelasttenyears.(takeplace)

3.将下列各句改为被动语态:

1.Heplantstreesinspring.

2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.

3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.

4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.

5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina.

6.Wearepaintingtherooms.

7.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

8.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

9.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

10.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

4.用动词的正确语态填空

Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.

Where________wood__________(come)from?

It______________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?

Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off,andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.

Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones_______________(must,plant)sothatwe______always_______________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_______________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.

4.选择正确答案

()1.TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.

AareheldBwereheldCareholdingDwillhold

()2.We____________toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.

AtellBtoldCweretoldDaretold

()3TheoldbuildingispartofShenzhen’shistory.It__________hundredsofyearsago.

AbuiltBbuildsCisbuiltDwasbuilt

()5Somefamouspaintings___________inthehallnextweek.

AwillshowBwereshownCisshownDwillbeshown

()6It’ssaidinthenewspaperthat215morenewschools__________inShenzhenby2015.

AarebuildingBwerebuiltChavebuiltDwillbebuilt

()7Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment_________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesePainting.

AisgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven

()8Smoking__________inmanycountries,sodon’tsmokehere.

AallowsBisallowedCdoesn’tallowDisn’tallowed

()9Itissaidthatpotatochips___________bymistakesaboutahundredyearsago.

AinventBinventedCareinventedDwereinvented

()11---Whatacleanclassroom!

---It_________everyday.

AissweepingBhassweptCissweptDwasswept

()12Children___________tokeepawayfromthemedicinefortheirsafety.

AaretoldBtellCaretellingDtold

()15---Theysaythere’sanewrestaurantnearby.

---Yes,andit____________fornomorethanaweek.

AhasbeenopenBopensCisopeningDisopened

()4.Shewasheard________anEnglishsong.

A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang

()9.Nobodylikes__________.

A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed

()12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?

A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking

()13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.

A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout

()1.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.

A)designedB)hasbeendesigned

C)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned

2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 外语学习 > 日语学习

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1