被动语态888.docx
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被动语态888
被动语态讲解
一、总述:
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
1.Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)
2.Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)
汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be+动词的过去分词。
二、被动语态的形式:
1)常用时态被动语态的构成:
一般现在时:
am/is/are+given
一般过去时:
was/were+given
一般将来时:
shall/will+be+given现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+given
现在完成时:
have/has+been+given
含情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+given
2)被动语态的否定式:
在第一个助动词后加not构成。
如:
1.Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
2.Alotoftallbuildingswillnotbebuiltheresoon.这儿不会很快建许多高楼。
3)被动语态的疑问式:
把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
如:
1.Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday?
昨天山上种了许多树吗?
2.How much money was stolen in all?
一共被偷了多少钱?
三、被动语态使用范围:
▲谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。
动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。
如:
1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.上周一些邮票被偷了。
(谁做的动作不知道)
2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。
(说出谁做的没必要)
3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.大多数中学踢足球。
(动作承受者需强调)
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法:
转换图示:
▲主动语态变被动语态口诀:
宾语提前主语变,谓语要把被动变,原主变宾by后见,时态人称be关键。
1)主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
注意:
如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
如:
Tombeathim.→HewasbeatenbyTom.汤姆打败了他。
→他被汤姆打败了。
2.将动词改为"be+过去分词"的被动形式。
注意:
被动语态谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
如:
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。
3.将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词及短语之后。
注意:
如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
如:
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.他唱了一首歌。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语(双宾语)的句子:
“主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)”可变两种被动语态。
如:
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.我叔叔在我生日那天给了我一件礼物。
间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)
1.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncleonmybirthday.间接宾语(sb.)作主语
2.Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncleonmybirthday.直接宾语(sth.)作主语
注意:
当直接宾语变被动语态的主语时,①一般在下列动词后bring,give,hand,lend,pass,pay,sell,show,take,teach,tell等,间接宾语前加介词to。
如:
1.Ilenthermybike.→Mybikewaslenttoherbyme.我的自行车被我借给他了。
2.Theteachershowedtheclassthecup.→Thecupwasshowedtotheclassbytheteacher.
这个茶杯被老师拿给同学们看了。
②一般在下列动词后build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,find,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等,间接宾语前加介词for,如:
1.Mothermademeanewskirt.→AnewskirtwasmadeformebyMother.
妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。
2.Mothercookedusthemeat.→ThemeatwascookedforusbyMother.
妈妈为我们煮的肉。
3.Theyplayedussomecountrymusic.→Somecountrymusicwasplayedforusbythem.
他们为我们演奏了一些乡村音乐。
3)在lookat,see,watch,notice,listento,hear,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语。
如:
1.IoftenhearLucysinginherroom.→Lucyisoftenheardtosingbymeinherroom.
我经常听见露西在她房间里唱歌。
2.HesawMr.Johngointothelibrary.→Mr.Johnwasseentogointothelibrarybyhim.
他看见约翰先生走进了图书馆。
五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1.系动词无被动语态,以主动形式表示被动之意。
常见的系动词有:
①be动词Heisastudent.他是一个学生。
(只有主动形式及意义)
②……起来(7个):
look/seem/appear,feel,sound,smell,taste
e.g.1、Shelooks/seems/appearshappy.她看起来/好像/看来很高兴。
2、Ittastesterrible.它尝起来糟糕。
3、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。
4、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
③(逐渐)变得/变成:
become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.1、Hiswishhascometrue.他的愿望已经实现。
2、Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.过去人们经常挨饿。
3、Thetreeisgrowingtall.这棵树正在长高。
④保持:
keep,stay
e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.我们必须在阅览室保持安静。
2.不及物动词及短语sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear,happen,cost,take,takeplace,breakout,belongto等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g.1、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.昨天发生了一起事故。
2、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
3、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。
4、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。
5、Thesupermarketopensat8:
00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。
6、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。
7、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。
8、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)
六、被动语态提高巩固练习:
1.变被动语态:
1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.
Knives____________forcuttingthingsbypeople.
2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.
Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________bythestudentstwiceamonth.
3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.
________________________onthefloorbyme.
4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.
She_____________toreturnthebookintimebyme.
5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.
He___________________________onlytwomealsadaybyhisdoctor.
6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.
Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthembypeople.
7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?
___________________________byyouatthistimelasttime?
8.weMustfinishourworktoday?
ourwork_____________today?
10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.
Tom_______________toturnonthecomputerbytheteacher.
11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.
Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.
12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.
Thebike___________________intwodays.
13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.
Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.
14.ThestudentsstudyFrenchinthisschool.
French_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.
15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?
______thisquestionoften_______about______________?
2.在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式:
1.Teenagersshould_______(allow)togooutatnight.
2.Thetelephone________(invent)byBellmanyyearsago.
3.English_______(speak)inChina.
4.Thecar_______(make)inChina.
5.Theroommust____________(clean)everyday.
6.---Istheseat_____________byanyone?
(take)---No,youcansithere.
7.Thekindofpen___________well,soit__________well,too.(write;sell)
8.Thethief___________bythepoliceand___________toprisonlastmonth.(catch;send)
9.---When_________theswimmingclub___________?
(setup)---In2006.
10.----Whataretheydoingwiththewallnow?
---It__________bysomeworkersatthemoment.(paint)
15.Greatchanges______________intheareainthelasttenyears.(takeplace)
3.将下列各句改为被动语态:
1.Heplantstreesinspring.
2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.
3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.
4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.
5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina.
6.Wearepaintingtherooms.
7.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.
8.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
9.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
10.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
4.用动词的正确语态填空
Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.
Where________wood__________(come)from?
It______________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?
Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off,andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.
Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones_______________(must,plant)sothatwe______always_______________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_______________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.
4.选择正确答案
()1.TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.
AareheldBwereheldCareholdingDwillhold
()2.We____________toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.
AtellBtoldCweretoldDaretold
()3TheoldbuildingispartofShenzhen’shistory.It__________hundredsofyearsago.
AbuiltBbuildsCisbuiltDwasbuilt
()5Somefamouspaintings___________inthehallnextweek.
AwillshowBwereshownCisshownDwillbeshown
()6It’ssaidinthenewspaperthat215morenewschools__________inShenzhenby2015.
AarebuildingBwerebuiltChavebuiltDwillbebuilt
()7Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment_________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesePainting.
AisgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven
()8Smoking__________inmanycountries,sodon’tsmokehere.
AallowsBisallowedCdoesn’tallowDisn’tallowed
()9Itissaidthatpotatochips___________bymistakesaboutahundredyearsago.
AinventBinventedCareinventedDwereinvented
()11---Whatacleanclassroom!
---It_________everyday.
AissweepingBhassweptCissweptDwasswept
()12Children___________tokeepawayfromthemedicinefortheirsafety.
AaretoldBtellCaretellingDtold
()15---Theysaythere’sanewrestaurantnearby.
---Yes,andit____________fornomorethanaweek.
AhasbeenopenBopensCisopeningDisopened
()4.Shewasheard________anEnglishsong.
A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang
()9.Nobodylikes__________.
A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed
()12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?
A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking
()13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.
A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout
()1.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
A)designedB)hasbeendesigned
C)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned
2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm