大学英语精读第三册Unit 6 words 2.docx

大学英语精读第三册Unit 6 words 2.docx

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大学英语精读第三册Unit6words2

Unit6Howdowedealwiththedrugproblem

Ⅰ.TargetGroup:

Second-yearStudents

Ⅱ.TeachingObjectives:

Inthisunit,studentswillbeableto

1getgeneralbackgroundinformationabouttheauthorandthetext.

2identifythemainideaofthepassage.

3grasp15keywordsinthepassage.

4reviewthewayofexpressingtheobjectandtheusageofdeterminers

III.TeachingProcedure:

1stLesson:

Warm-up&ReadingComprehension

1Abouttheauthor:

GoreVidal（1925-）isaprolificAmericannovelist,playwrightandessayist;oneofthegreateststylistsofcontemporaryAmericanprose.

ClarencePage:

PulitzerPrizewinner;columnistandmemberoftheeditorialboardattheChicagoTribunesince1984.Twiceaweek,headdresses,withpassionandstyle,thesocial,economicandpoliticalissuesaffectingpeopleintheUnitedStatessuchascrime,education,housing,hungerandbigotry.

CharlesKrauthammer:

AftergraduatingfromCanada’sMcGillUniversity,CharlesstudiedpoliticaltheoryatOxfordandthenwenttoHarvardMedicalSchool.Trainedasaneurologistandpsychiatrist,hereturnedtopoliticalanalysis,firstasasenioreditorattheNewRepublicandthenasasyndicatedcolumnist.Acollectionofhisessayshasbeenpublished,andhehaswonaPulitzerPrizeforcommentary.Theexcerpthereistakenfromanarticlehepublishedin1988.

2.Backgroundinformation

Today,youngpeopleusing"ecstasytablets"semi-openlyatpartiesisnotararesceneinsomecities.Amongofficiallyregistereddrugaddicts,70percentareundertheageof35.Andthetypesofdrugstheyusearebecomingmoreandmorediverse.Manyfactorsareinvolvedsuchasteachinginschools,theroleofneighborhoodcommitteesandnon-governmentorganizations（NGOs）,mentalhealthsupport,familyenvironmentandmediainfluence.

Theworldneedsawell-consideredpracticalapproachandcoordinatedeffortstomakeheadway.Therealitytodayisthatinmanyplaces,youngpeoplehaveverylimitedaccesstoknowledgeaboutdrugsalthoughdrugabuseandtraffickingarespreadingintheseareas.Inlargecitiesandrelativelyrichareas,manyoftheattemptswehaveseensofar,mainlyrepresentedbylecturesorpostersandshort-termcampaigns,aresuperficial.

Itisthegovernment'sdutytofindwaystosolvetheseproblems.Atthesametime,parentsandteachersshouldlearntoimprovetheircommunicationskillsandprovideemotionalsupportfortheirchildrenorstudents.Youngpeopleshouldalsobeencouragedtoseekcounselingforemotionalproblems.

2ndLessonGrammar&Vocabulary

1.Advocacy

n.拥护,支持,鼓吹

例句:

Advocacyoftheabolitionofslavery.废奴主义废除奴隶制的主张

Advocacyofcausesincourt.辩护法庭中案件的辩护

Advocacyofsuchasystemofgovernment.联邦主义这种政府体制的主张

2.Analogy:

类比

Todrawananalogy:

makeananalogy.

例句：

Ourmanagerisfondofdrawinganalogiesbetweenbusinessandfootball.

3.Bail

Bailout:

1）tohelpapersonoranorganizationthatishavingproblems;

2）togivemoneytoacourtwhensb.isallowedtostayoutofprison

3）toescapefromanairplanebyparachute

4）toemptywaterfromaboatusingasmallcontainer

4.Ban

v.禁止,剥夺权利

n.禁令,禁止

例句:

Abanontheimportationofdrugshadbeenissuedrecently.

最近已经颁布了禁止进口毒品的法令。

Theprotestersshowedtheirdefianceoftheofficialbanondemonstrations.

抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令。

Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.

这剧院内禁止吸烟。

讲解:

【词源解说】

直接源自古英语的bannan，意为召唤，禁止。

5.Deglamorizev.toplaydown/reducethegloriouscolorofsth/sb

例句：

Theydeglamorizetheimageofthepresidentbypaintinghimaclown.

Thepreviousmoviestarisnowdeglamorizedasadrunkard.

6.Impoverishv.toreducetopoverty

例句

Rainandexcessiveusehaveimpoverishedthesoil.

Hislifewouldhavebeengreatlyimpoverishedifhehadnotknownthatfriendoninternet.

构词法

Prison—imprison监禁

Pose—impose强加

Plant—implant灌输

7.Intoxicantn.asubstancethatmakespeopledrunk

例句:

Sheishisintoxicant,alwaysenchantinghim.

Ican’tgetusedtodrinkswithintoxicant.

Intoxicatev.

a.tocausesb.toloseself-controlasaresultoftheeffectsofadrug,agas,ordrink

b.toexcitesb.greatly

例句:

Hehaddrunkallnightandwasthoroughlyintoxicated.

Iwasintoxicatedwiththebeautiesofthescene.

8．Non-repressiveway:

awayoftacklingadifficultproblembypersuasion,andnotbyforceorviolenceorbylawsputtingunreasonablelimitsonpeople'sfreedom

Repressiveadj.harsh;severe

例句：

Herhusbandhasarepressivetendencytowardshersociallife.

PeoplecondemnedtherepressivemeasurestakenbyParliament.

9．Proponent:

onewhoarguesinsupportsthof

Proponentofsth.

例句:

Shewasoneoftheproponentsofthenewmotion.

Asadeterminedproponentofthepolicy,ifwasimpossibleforhimtodothat.

10.Rationalen.thefundamentalreasonsforsth.;alogicalbasis

therationaleofalesson教学原理

例句

TheSecretaryofInteriorexplainedtherationalebehindthenewrulesforlanduse.

11.rebut:

toshoworsaythatsomethingisnottrue;refute

Hecompletelyrebuttedtheallegation.

Rebuttal:

（fml.）arefusaltoacceptthatsth.istrue,asinadebate

12.Repealv.torevoke,withdraw,ornullify（alaw）officiallyorformally

Examples:

Thegovernmenthasrepealedtheruleofbanningcrackers.

Thatlawhaslongbeenrepealed.Youarereallyoutofdate.

13.reverse

Theeffectsofthediseasecanonlybereversedbyabone-marrowdonation.

Thestockmarketreversedcourseandclosedwithamodestgain.

He’salwaystaughtme,butnowtherolesarereversedandIcanteachhim.

14.Sane:

tokeepsb.Sane:

stopsomeonefromworryingorbecomingmentallyill

例句

Readingandtalkingarewhatkepthimsane.

todoubtone’ssanity:

tothinkthatonemightbementallyill

tokeep/loseone’ssanity:

toremain/notremainingoodmentalhealth

15.sentiment

abelieforanattitudetowardsth.

popularsentiment:

beliefsorattitudesthatmostpeoplehave

例句

Theproposalstakenoaccountofthepopularsentiment.

Mysentimentsexactly.—usedforemphasizingthatyouagreewithsomeone

3rdLesson:

TheAnalysisoftheText

☆SentenceParaphrase

1. Simplymakealldrugsavailableandsellthematcost.

Justmakealldrugseasytobuyandsellthemwithoutprofit.

atcost:

foronlytheamountofmoneythatisneededtomakeorgetsth,withoutanyprofitbeingaddedon,e.g.

Thecorporation（HabitatforHumanity）woulderectsimple,decenthousesandsellthematcost.

Idon’tbelievethosegoodsaresoldatcostasthey’veclaimed.

Cf.

atacost/atwhatcost:

usedtosaythatitmaynothavebeenworthdoingsthbecausesomuchhasbeenlostordamagedasaresult,e.g.

Heobtainedaprofessorshipintheend,butatacosttohismarriage.

atthecostofsth,e.g.

Idon’tthinkyoushouldworksohardatthecostofyourhealth.

atallcosts/atanycost:

usedforsayingthatsthmustbedone,howeverdifficultitisorhowevermuchdamageitcauses,e.g.

Wewereinstructedthattheman’slifebesavedatallcosts.

2.Don’tsaythatmarijuanaisaddictiveanddangerouswhenitisneither,unlike“speed”,whichkillsmostunpleasantly,orheroin,whichisaddictiveanddifficulttokick.

Don’texaggeratetheharmfuleffectofmarihuana.Itisneitheraddictivenordangerous,asisoftendescribed.Differentiateitfrom“speed”andheroin,‘speed”causesdeathwhileheroinisdifficulttostopusingonceapersonisaddictedtoit.

marijuana:

themostwidelyuseddrugamongyoungpeople.ItisestimatedthatmorethanoneoutoftenofthepopulationintheUShavetriedit.Manyofthedisputesaboutdrugusecenteronthissubstance.Somepeoplethinkthatitisverydangerouswhileothersconsideritlessharmfulthanalcoholandthatpeopleoughttobeallowedtouseitiftheywish.Mostpeoplewhohavestudiedthesubjectthinkthatmarijuanaisnotasharmfulasmanyotherdrugs,whicharecondensed,butthatitisdangerous,thereforeitisbetternottoencouragepeopletousemarihuana.

“speed”:

aformofamphetamine,astimulant（adrugthatmakespeoplefeelmorealertandawake）usedbysomedoctorstohelptheirpatientsloseweight,becauseitdepressestheappetite.Butthemedicalprofessiondiscouragethisuse.Amphetaminesareaddictivebecausetheymakepeoplefeelself-confidentandabletostayawakeforalongtimeand,gradually,usersfindtheymusthaveregularandever-largedoses,otherwise,theycannotwork,studyorgoabouttheirusualactivities.Intime,someofthemturntoaparticularlydangerousformofamphetamineknownasMethedrine,or“speed”.

3. Fordtherecord,inhavetriedalmosteverydrugandlikednone,disprovingthepopulartheorythatawhiffofopiumwillenslavethemind.

…andIdon’tthinkaperson’smindwillbedominatedbyopium/Idon’tagreethatapersonwillbecomeaddictedtoopiumifhetakesasmallamountofit.

fortherecord:

declaredopenlyandofficiallysoastomakeknownone’sdisagreement,e.g.

“Fortherecord,”saidtheSenator,“Ithinkourefforttoreducecrimeisafailure.”

Fortherecord,Ifindparentsaremakingabigmistakeimposingtheirvaluesontheirchildren.

awhiffofsth:

（mainlyliterary）asmallamountofsthoraslightsignorfeelingofsth,e.g.

awhiffofonion;awhiffoffear/danger/scandal/hypocrisy/success

enslavethemind:

toaffectpeopletotheextentthattheywilllosecontrolovertheirownlives

4.Alongwithexhortationandwarning,itmightbegoodforourcitizenstorecallthattheUnitedStateswasthecreationofmenwhobelievedthateachmanhasehrighttodowhathewantswithhisownlifeaslongashedoesnotinterferewithhisneighbuor’spursuitofhappiness.

Whileurgingpeoplenottotakedrugsandwarningthemo