北师大版高中英语选修7 Unit21 Lesson 3Scientific Breakthroughs教案.docx

北师大版高中英语选修7 Unit21 Lesson 3Scientific Breakthroughs教案.docx

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北师大版高中英语选修7Unit21Lesson3ScientificBreakthroughs教案

Epidemicsthroughouthistory

1.Withnewhealththreatsontherise,JamesMadisonlooksatepidemicsthroughouthistory.

BacteriaandviruseshavebeenaroundsincethebeginningoflifeonEarthandmanyoftoday’sdiseaseshavebeenexistedaslongashumanshave.It’simportanttolookatthespreadofdiseasesthroughouthistorytodiscoverthecausesandeffectsofepidemics.

2.----

ScientistsnowthinkthatJustinian’sPlaguewasactuallyadiseasecalledbubonicplague.Theyestimatethatbetween25%and50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromthediseaseandthinkthattheepidemicwasoneofthekeycausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

4----

5.InhighlypopulatedareasalloverEurope,Asia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast,onehalftoonethirdofthepopulationwaslosttotheBlackDeath.Lesspopulatedareas,mostlyinnorthernEurope,werelessseverelyaffected.

6.AnotherepidemicthatstartedandspreadinsimilarconditionswastheGreatFluEpidemicof1918（alsocalledtheSpanishFlu）.ItstruckneartheendofthefirstWorldWarandcontinuedafterthewarwasfinished.

7.-----

8.Oneepidemicthatwehaven’tforgottenyetistheSARSepidemicof2002/2003.itbeganwithanabnormallungdiseaseinGuangdongProvinceandspreadworldwideafterDrLiuJianjuncametoHongKong.Hestayedatahotelwherethediseasespreadtofourmorepeople.Whenthesepeopleleftthehotelandreturnedhome,theyspreadthediseasetoCanada,HongKong,VietnamandSingapore.

9-----

10.NoonereallyknewmuchaboutSARSasitwascompletelynewtophysicians.Doctorsweren’tsurehowtotreatitorpreventitandsincemostpeoplehadnonaturaldefencesagainstthedisease.ItwasalsoharmfultothedoctorsandpursestreatingtheSARSpatients.Hospitalstaff,especiallynurses,madeup21%ofthecases.

11----

AHavingkilledbetween25and50millionpeoplein18months.Itisbelievedtobethemostacuteworldwideepidemicinhistory.Morepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewar.Yet,somehow,ithasbeenforgottenbyhistory.

B.Althoughaspectsofmodernlife,suchaswidespreadairtravel,allowedtheSARSepidemictoquicklyexpandacrosstheglobe,otheraspects,suchasimprovedcommunicationtechnologyandimprovedmedicalresearchtechniques,allowedhealthexpertstheworldovertoshareknowledgeandworktogethertostopthevirusinitstracks.

CInthe1330’s,thebubonicplaguereturned,thistimeinAsia.Itwouldspreadrapidlyandcometobeknownas“TheBlackDeath”.TheconditionsinmuchofAsiaandEurope–war,climatechange,alackofadequatefood,crowdedcitiesandalackofbasichealthroutines---providedtheperfectconditionsforthediseasetospreadworldwide.

DOverninemonths,thenumberofglobalcasespassed8,000and774peopledied.AlthoughthesenumbersaremuchsmallerthanthenumberforotherdiseasessuchasTBorflu,whichkillmillionseveryyear,theoutbreakwasstillveryalarmingforafewkeyreasons.

F.Epidemicsaredescribedinhistoricalaccountsasearlyas430BCandoneoftheearliestonrecordisJustinian’sPlague.Ithappenedabout500-550ADasRomanEmperorJustinianwasattemptingtorebuildandacquiremorelandfortheRomanEmpire.ItsweptthroughNorthAfrica,theMiddleEastandEurope.

（2）教案

小说人物形象归纳法

Readasciencearticleeasily

TeachingAims:

Toreadanarticleaboutepidemics

ToimprovetheSs’readingability

ToimprovetheSs’speakingability

Learningmethod:

Concluding

Teachingprocedure:

Step1:

Addressing

Step2:

Lead-in

1.Listentothesong“Tearsinheaven”.

2.What’syourfeelingafterhearingthesong?

3.Whywasthesingersosad?

4.Whatelsemaycausedeath?

5.Epidemicscancausemoredeathsthananythingelse.

Step3:

Readthetext

（1）Readthetitlecarefullyandgetsomegeneralideasofthetext

1.Predictwhatwillbetalkedinthetext

2.Readothertitlesanddiscusswhatwillbeinvolved

3.Whatisanepidemic?

（showpicturesaboutAIDSandbirdflu,andasktheSstogivetheirownanswers）

4.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesareepidemics?

AIDS,cancer,headache,flu,heartdisease,stomach-ache,TB,malaria,smallpox,SARS

5.Causesofepidemics:

virus

6.Tracksofepidemics

7.Epidemicsinhistory

（2）Findoutthemeaningsofthedifferentnumbersandknowmorefactsaboutthetext

1.AsktheSstofindoutthenumbersinthetextandtotalkabouttherelatedfactsaboutthem

2.GivetheSsanexample

3.AsktheSstopractiseinpairs

4.Askquestionsinturnsinclass

（3）Knowthefactaboutaneventorphenomenaindetails

（useaformtohelpyouifnecessary）

1.Talkabouttheeventsandfillintheblanks

epidemics

Time

Place

effect

SARS

2002/2003

G.D.-H.K.-Vm-Ca.-Sig

doctorsnursesaffected

2.Guessthenamesoftheepidemicsinthetext

3.Guessthenamesoftheotherepidemics

（4）Toknowthedevelopmentofthearticle

1.Showthesequencingexercise

2.Showthewaystodothisexercise

3.Askthestudentstodotheexerciseinthetext

（5）conclusion:

Step4:

Readanothersciencearticle

1.Discussthetitle

2.Talkaboutsomenumbers

3.Dothesequencingexercise

Step5:

Homework

Finishreadingthenewarticleandretellthetextinyourownwords.（120words）

附:

（1）

TearsinHeaven

Wouldyouknowmyname

ifIsawyouinheaven?

Wouldyoufeelthesame

ifIsawyouinheaven?

Imustbestrongandcarryon

'CauseIknowIdon'tbelonghereinheaven...

Wouldyouholdmyhand

ifIsawyouinheaven?

Wouldyouhelpmestand

ifIsawyouinheaven?

I'llfindmywaythroughnightandday

'CauseIknowIjustcan'tstayhereinheaven..

Timecanbringyoudown,

timecanbendyourknees

Timecanbreakyourheart,

haveyoubeggingplease，beggingplease...

Beyondthedoorthere'speaceI'msure

AndIknowthere'llbenomoretearsinheaven...

2.TheHistoryofSmallpox

TheRiseandFallofaDisease

1.Thehistoryoftheriseandfallofsmallpoxisasuccessstoryfor"modern"medicineandpublichealth.Eventhoughthediseasehasbeeneradicated,thethreatofitsreturnhasonceagainbroughtittotheforefrontofpubliccontroversy.

2.----

3.EpidemicsoccurredintheNorthAmericancoloniesinthe17thand18thcenturies.AtonetimesmallpoxwasasignificantdiseaseineverycountrythroughouttheworldexceptAustraliaandafewisolatedislands.MillionsofpeoplediedinEuropeandMexicoasaresultofwidespreadsmallpoxepidemics.

4.Thefallofsmallpoxbeganwiththerealizationthatsurvivorsofthediseasewereimmunefortherestoftheirlives.Thisledtothepracticeofvariolation-aprocessofexposingahealthypersontoinfectedmaterialfromapersonwithsmallpoxinthehopesofproducingamilddiseasethatprovidedimmunityfromfurtherinfection.ThefirstwrittenaccountofvariolationdescribesaBuddhistnunpracticingaround1022to1063AD.Shewouldgrindupscabstakenfromapersoninfectedwithsmallpoxintoapowder,andthenblowitintothenostrilsofanon-immuneperson.

5.----

6.ThenextsteptowardstheeradicationofsmallpoxoccurredwiththeobservationbyEnglishphysician,EdwardJenner,thatmilkmaidswhodevelopedcowpox,alessseriousdisease,didnotdevelopthedeadlysmallpox.In1796,Jennertookthefluidfromacowpoxpustuleonadairymaid'shandandinoculatedan8-year-oldboy.Sixweekslater,heexposedtheboytosmallpox,andtheboydidnotdevelopanysymptoms.

7.-----

8.The"modern"vaccinethatwaslicensedbytheFDAwastakenfromaweakstrainofviruscalledtheNewYorkCityBoardofHealthstrain.ItwasproducedbyWyethLaboratoriesandlicensedunderthenameDryvax.

9.------

10.In1967theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）startedaworldwidecampaigntoeradicatesmallpox.Thisgoalwasaccomplishedin10yearsdueinalargeparttomassivevaccinationefforts.ThelastendemiccaseofsmallpoxoccurredinSomaliain1977.OnMay8,1980,theWorldHealthAssemblydeclaredtheworldfreeofsmallpox.

11------

AJennercoinedtheterm"vaccine"fromtheword"vaca"whichmeans"cow"inLatin.Hisworkwasinitiallycriticized,butsoonwasrapidlyacceptedandadopted.By1800about100,000peoplehadbeenvaccinatedworldwide.

B.TheUnitedStatesstoppedvaccinatingthegeneralpopulationin1972,butcontinuedtovaccinatemilitarypersonnel.Itwasrecommendedthatvaccinationofmilitarypersonnelstopin1986,andvaccinationwasofficiallystoppedinmilitaryrecruitsin1990.

C.Theoriginofsmallpoxisuncertain,butitisbelievedtohaveoriginatedinAfricaandthenspreadtoIndiaandChinathousandsofyearsago.Thefirstrecordedsmallpoxepidemicwasin1350BCduringtheEgyptian-Hittitewar.SmallpoxreachedEuropebetweenthe5thand7thcenturiesandwaspresentinmajorEuropeancitiesbythe18thcentury.

D.ThelastoutbreakofsmallpoxintheUnitedStatesoccurredinTexasin1949with8casesand1death.EventhoughmostofNorthAmerica,WesternEurope,Australia,andNewZealandwerefreeofsmallpoxbythistime,othercountriessuchasAfricaandIndiacontinuedtosufferfromepidemics.

D.Bythe1700's,thismethodofvariolationwascommonpracticeinChina,India,andTurkey.Inthelate1700'sEuropeanphysiciansusedthisandothermethodsofvariolation,butreported"devastating"resultsinsomecases.Overall,2%to3%ofpeoplewhowerevariolateddiedofsmallpox,butthispracticedecreasedthetotalnumberofsmallpoxfatalitiesby10-fold.

（3）Epidemicsexplained教学反思

一教学设计,目的和思路、

1.教材内容说明

Epidemicsexplained是北师大版教材选修模块7的最后一个单元中的阅读课,介绍瘟疫在历史上的流行和发展,文章生词量大,有一定的教学难度.

2.教学目的

学生通过阅读课文,了解文中一些科普知识,学会描述瘟疫的特点,掌握阅读科普文章的一些方法

3.课堂形