天津卷英语阅读表达真题汇总+答案.docx
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天津卷英语阅读表达真题汇总+答案
2009·天津卷
AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart(购物手推车).Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.
SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging(吃力地携带)groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.
OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.
OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.
ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.
Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?
”oneshopperreplied.
ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!
Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony(假冒的)customers.
AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.
Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.
56.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto_________.
(Nomorethan3words)
57.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?
(Nomorethan10words)
58.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?
(Nomorethan10words)
59.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?
(Nomorethan10words)
60.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?
Pleasegiveyourreasons.(Nomorethan20words)
2010·天津卷
WhenDanShawgetsupfromthesofainhishome,Cuddlesisneverfaraway.Whenhewantstogooutside,hedoesn’ttakeCuddlesoutforwalk—Cuddlestakeshimforawalk.Cuddlesisclearlynoordinaryfamilypet.Itisatwo-foot-highminiaturehorseandservesastheguidingeyesofShaw,whoisblind.
WhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.Shaw,ananimallover,saidhecouldn’tbeartopartwithadog(whichusuallylivesabouteighttotenyears)andgetusedtoanewone,perhapsseveraltimesinhislife.
ThenShawheardofaprogramaboutthetinyguidehorses.Helearnedthatthehorsespossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemanexcellentchoiceforguidingpeople.Theyareclean,friendly,smartandhavegreatmemories.Theycanbetrainedtoremaincalminnoisyandcrowdedplaces.Bestofall,theylivefor25—35years,whichwouldenableShawtohavethesameguidecompanionformostorallofhislife.
Shawimmediatelyappliedtobeandwasacceptedasthefirstpersontoreceiveaguidehorse.TheinstanthemetCuddles,heknewhewasmakingtherightchoice.Thenhebeganhistraining.
Throughtraining,ShawandCuddleslearnedtofindtheirwayonbusystreets,stepovercurbs(便道沿儿)andfindelevatorbuttons.Cuddlesevendemonstrated(显示)itsabilitytostepinfrontofShawandblockhim,topreventhimfromwalkingintoadangeroussituation.ThelittlehorsealsoexpertlyledShawthroughbusyshoppingmalls.Theygotalongwithoutanydifficulties.NowShawisconfidentthatCuddleswillchangehislifeforthebetter.
56.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“miniature”inParagraph1?
(Nomorethan2words)
57.Whydidn’tShawwanttochooseadogashisguide?
(Nomorethan15words)
58.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?
(Nomorethan10words)
59.HowdoesShawfeelabouthisfuturelifewiththehelpofCuddles?
(Nomorethan10words)
60.Inyouropinion,whatistheidealrelationshipbetweenmanandanimals?
(Nomorethan20words)
2011•天津卷
Incollege,SpringBreak(春假)isusuallyassociatedwiththebeach,partiesandsleeplessnights,bringingaboutrelaxation,freetimeandfriends.Studentswhowishtospendtheirbreakdoingsomethingproductiveandrewarding,however,maychoosetoparticipateintheAlternativeBreakProgram.Itplacescollegestudentsincommunitiesbothathomeandabroad.
TheProgramallowsstudentstotakepartinvariousprojectsdealingwithissuessuchasliteracy(识字),homelessnessandtheenvironment.Itincludeshelpingkidswiththeirlessons,raisingmoneyforfamiliesinneedandcollectingdataforenvironmentalresearch.
Thehopeisthat,bygettingthemselvesinvolvedindifferentenvironments,studentswillhavetheopportunitytolearnaboutmembersofcommunitiesandbroadentheirview.Inturn,theywillincorporate(融合)theirexperiencesandlessonslearnedintotheirowncommunities.Inaword,theProgramaimstoencouragestudentstobeactivecitizensandencouragethemselvesinmakingadifferenceinsociety.
Inthespringof2006,about36,000studentsintheUSAparticipatedintheAlternativeBreakProgram.
SamanthaGiacobozzi,nowdirectoroftheProgram,hasbeenonfivealternativebreaktripsherself,includingtripstoNewOrleans,IndiaandDominicanRepublic.“Iwasastudentwhowentonalternativebreaktripsandhadmylifetotallytransformedbythatexperience,”shesaid.“Everyyear,wemeetmanystudentswhohaveattendedtheProgram.Youcanseechangesintheirlifethatareconnectedwiththeiralternativebreakexperiences.”
TheProgrambeganin1991.Today,ithasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithcollegestudentsintheUnitedStates.
56.WhomaychoosetoparticipateintheAlternativeBreakProgram?
(Nomarethan10words)
__________________________________________________________________
57.WhatistheaimoftheProgram?
(Nomorethan15words)
_________________________________________________________________
58.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“transformed”inParagraph5?
(1word)
______________________________________________________________
59.WhatisSamantha’sattitudetowardtheProgram?
(Nomorethan10words)
_________________________________________________________________
60.IfyoutakepartintheProgram,whichprojectareyouinterestedin?
Andwhy?
(Nomorethan25words)_________________________________________________________________
2012·天津卷
Bornin1949,DianaNyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasaFloridaStateHighSchoolswimmingchampion.Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGames.Thedisappointmentdidn’tstopherfromgoingforward.Instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.Abrilliantathlete,shewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.
FortenyearsNyaddevotedherselftobecomingoneoftheworld’sbestlong-distanceswimmers.In1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninLakeOntario,settingthewomen’srecordforthecourse.In1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming102.5milesfromanislandintheBahamastothecoastofFlorida.ThenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundManhattanIslandin1975.
NyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenFloridaandCubain1978.Thoughthespanofwaterislessthan100mileswide,itisroughanddangerous.Afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shehadtogiveupforthesakeofherownhealthandsafety.Evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.ForNyadherstrengthofpurposewasjustasimportantasreachingCuba.Thatishowshedefinedsuccess.Itdidnotmatterthatherswimcameupshort;shebelievedshehadtouchedtheothershore.
WhenNyadendedhercareerasaswimmer,shecontinuedtotrynewthings—travellingtheworldasareporter,writingbooksandgivingpublicspeechesaboutherlife.DianaNyadworkstoinspireothers,justasshedidwhensheswamthewatersoftheworld.
56.WhatpreventedNyadfromtakingpartintheOlympicGames?
(Nomorethan5words)
57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacles”mean?
(1word)
58.WhatachievementdidNyadmakein1970?
(Nomorethan10words)
59.WhydidNyadbelievethatshehadtouchedtheothershore?
(Nomorethan10words)
60.PleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbyNyad.(Nomorethan20words)
2013·天津卷
MynameisClara.IstillrememberthatchillyDecemberday,sittinginscienceclass.I’dfinishedaworksheetearlyandpickedupaTIMEforKidsmagazine.Apieceofnewscaughtmyeye:
NASAwasholdinganessaycontesttonameitsMarsrover(火星探测器).BeforeIevenknewanythingelseaboutit,asinglewordfloodedmy11-year-oldmind:
Curiosity.
Icouldn’twaitforthebelltoringsoIcouldgetstartedonmyessay.Thatafternoon,Iracedhome,satdownatthecomputer,andtypeduntilmyfingersached.“Curiosityisaneverlastingflamethatburnsineveryone’smind...”
Fivemonthslater,mymomreceivedaphonecall,andimmediately,awidesmilespreadacrossherface.
OnAugust5,2012,at10:
31p.m.,therovernamedCuriositytoucheddownsafelyonthesurfaceofMars,andIwashonoredtohaveafront-rowseatinNASA.
CuriosityissuchanimportantpartofwhoIam.Ihavealwaysbeenfa