天津卷英语阅读表达真题汇总+答案.docx

天津卷英语阅读表达真题汇总+答案.docx

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天津卷英语阅读表达真题汇总+答案

2009·天津卷

AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.

SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.

OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.

OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.

ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.

Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?

”oneshopperreplied.

ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!

Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假冒的）customers.

AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.

Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.

56.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto_________.

（Nomorethan3words）

57.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?

（Nomorethan10words）

58.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?

（Nomorethan10words）

59.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?

（Nomorethan10words）

60.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?

Pleasegiveyourreasons.（Nomorethan20words）

2010·天津卷

WhenDanShawgetsupfromthesofainhishome,Cuddlesisneverfaraway.Whenhewantstogooutside,hedoesn’ttakeCuddlesoutforwalk—Cuddlestakeshimforawalk.Cuddlesisclearlynoordinaryfamilypet.Itisatwo-foot-highminiaturehorseandservesastheguidingeyesofShaw,whoisblind.

WhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.Shaw,ananimallover,saidhecouldn’tbeartopartwithadog（whichusuallylivesabouteighttotenyears）andgetusedtoanewone,perhapsseveraltimesinhislife.

ThenShawheardofaprogramaboutthetinyguidehorses.Helearnedthatthehorsespossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemanexcellentchoiceforguidingpeople.Theyareclean,friendly,smartandhavegreatmemories.Theycanbetrainedtoremaincalminnoisyandcrowdedplaces.Bestofall,theylivefor25—35years,whichwouldenableShawtohavethesameguidecompanionformostorallofhislife.

Shawimmediatelyappliedtobeandwasacceptedasthefirstpersontoreceiveaguidehorse.TheinstanthemetCuddles,heknewhewasmakingtherightchoice.Thenhebeganhistraining.

Throughtraining,ShawandCuddleslearnedtofindtheirwayonbusystreets,stepovercurbs（便道沿儿）andfindelevatorbuttons.Cuddlesevendemonstrated（显示）itsabilitytostepinfrontofShawandblockhim,topreventhimfromwalkingintoadangeroussituation.ThelittlehorsealsoexpertlyledShawthroughbusyshoppingmalls.Theygotalongwithoutanydifficulties.NowShawisconfidentthatCuddleswillchangehislifeforthebetter.

56.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“miniature”inParagraph1?

（Nomorethan2words）

57.Whydidn’tShawwanttochooseadogashisguide?

（Nomorethan15words）

58.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?

（Nomorethan10words）

59.HowdoesShawfeelabouthisfuturelifewiththehelpofCuddles?

（Nomorethan10words）

60.Inyouropinion,whatistheidealrelationshipbetweenmanandanimals?

（Nomorethan20words）

2011•天津卷

Incollege,SpringBreak（春假）isusuallyassociatedwiththebeach,partiesandsleeplessnights,bringingaboutrelaxation,freetimeandfriends.Studentswhowishtospendtheirbreakdoingsomethingproductiveandrewarding,however,maychoosetoparticipateintheAlternativeBreakProgram.Itplacescollegestudentsincommunitiesbothathomeandabroad.

TheProgramallowsstudentstotakepartinvariousprojectsdealingwithissuessuchasliteracy（识字）,homelessnessandtheenvironment.Itincludeshelpingkidswiththeirlessons,raisingmoneyforfamiliesinneedandcollectingdataforenvironmentalresearch.

Thehopeisthat,bygettingthemselvesinvolvedindifferentenvironments,studentswillhavetheopportunitytolearnaboutmembersofcommunitiesandbroadentheirview.Inturn,theywillincorporate（融合）theirexperiencesandlessonslearnedintotheirowncommunities.Inaword,theProgramaimstoencouragestudentstobeactivecitizensandencouragethemselvesinmakingadifferenceinsociety.

Inthespringof2006,about36,000studentsintheUSAparticipatedintheAlternativeBreakProgram.

SamanthaGiacobozzi,nowdirectoroftheProgram,hasbeenonfivealternativebreaktripsherself,includingtripstoNewOrleans,IndiaandDominicanRepublic.“Iwasastudentwhowentonalternativebreaktripsandhadmylifetotallytransformedbythatexperience,”shesaid.“Everyyear,wemeetmanystudentswhohaveattendedtheProgram.Youcanseechangesintheirlifethatareconnectedwiththeiralternativebreakexperiences.”

TheProgrambeganin1991.Today,ithasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithcollegestudentsintheUnitedStates.

56.WhomaychoosetoparticipateintheAlternativeBreakProgram?

（Nomarethan10words）

__________________________________________________________________

57.WhatistheaimoftheProgram?

（Nomorethan15words）

_________________________________________________________________

58.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“transformed”inParagraph5?

（1word）

______________________________________________________________

59.WhatisSamantha’sattitudetowardtheProgram?

（Nomorethan10words）

_________________________________________________________________

60.IfyoutakepartintheProgram,whichprojectareyouinterestedin?

Andwhy?

（Nomorethan25words）_________________________________________________________________

2012·天津卷

Bornin1949,DianaNyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasaFloridaStateHighSchoolswimmingchampion.Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGames.Thedisappointmentdidn’tstopherfromgoingforward.Instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.Abrilliantathlete,shewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.

FortenyearsNyaddevotedherselftobecomingoneoftheworld’sbestlong-distanceswimmers.In1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninLakeOntario,settingthewomen’srecordforthecourse.In1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming102.5milesfromanislandintheBahamastothecoastofFlorida.ThenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundManhattanIslandin1975.

NyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenFloridaandCubain1978.Thoughthespanofwaterislessthan100mileswide,itisroughanddangerous.Afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shehadtogiveupforthesakeofherownhealthandsafety.Evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.ForNyadherstrengthofpurposewasjustasimportantasreachingCuba.Thatishowshedefinedsuccess.Itdidnotmatterthatherswimcameupshort;shebelievedshehadtouchedtheothershore.

WhenNyadendedhercareerasaswimmer,shecontinuedtotrynewthings—travellingtheworldasareporter,writingbooksandgivingpublicspeechesaboutherlife.DianaNyadworkstoinspireothers,justasshedidwhensheswamthewatersoftheworld.

56.WhatpreventedNyadfromtakingpartintheOlympicGames?

（Nomorethan5words）

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacles”mean?

（1word）

58.WhatachievementdidNyadmakein1970?

（Nomorethan10words）

59.WhydidNyadbelievethatshehadtouchedtheothershore?

（Nomorethan10words）

60.PleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbyNyad.（Nomorethan20words）

2013·天津卷

MynameisClara.IstillrememberthatchillyDecemberday,sittinginscienceclass.I’dfinishedaworksheetearlyandpickedupaTIMEforKidsmagazine.Apieceofnewscaughtmyeye:

NASAwasholdinganessaycontesttonameitsMarsrover（火星探测器）.BeforeIevenknewanythingelseaboutit,asinglewordfloodedmy11-year-oldmind:

Curiosity.

Icouldn’twaitforthebelltoringsoIcouldgetstartedonmyessay.Thatafternoon,Iracedhome,satdownatthecomputer,andtypeduntilmyfingersached.“Curiosityisaneverlastingflamethatburnsineveryone’smind...”

Fivemonthslater,mymomreceivedaphonecall,andimmediately,awidesmilespreadacrossherface.

OnAugust5,2012,at10:

31p.m.,therovernamedCuriositytoucheddownsafelyonthesurfaceofMars,andIwashonoredtohaveafront-rowseatinNASA.

CuriosityissuchanimportantpartofwhoIam.Ihavealwaysbeenfa