名词性从句.docx
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名词性从句
名词性从句
第一节基本知识与基本概念
【主语从句】
WhatIsawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.
Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.
Whythecompanydeniedthecontractisstillunknown.
Whenandwherethegovernmentwillbuildacitysquareisunderdiscussion.
Itisprettyannoyingthatasmallpartofthemachineismissing.
Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewnovelwillbewellreceived.
【宾语从句】
Weassumedthattherewouldbemorethan100guests.
Hetoldthepoliceindetailwhathesawandheard.
Nobodyissurewhathumanswilllooklikeinamillionyears.
Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.
WhetherIwillhavethetimeIamnotsureatthemoment.
Theconductorcomplainedthatwewerenotgiftedinsingingandthathewouldnevercomeagain.
【表语从句】
Theonlyquestionleftishowoftentheworkersarepaid.
Hisideaforthecomingweekendisthatwegoskating.
【同位语从句】
只有那些“有内容的名词”才需要解释。
如fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,
information,belief,thought,doubt等。
如:
Thatfactthatthepolicemandidn’tfireatthemanatallwasignored.
Doyouhaveanyideawhatisgoingonintheclassroom.
Thepossibilitythatwecanworkathomemakeseverybodyexcited.
【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】
如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话,这个词就是连接代词;如果作的是各种状语,就叫
连接副词;如果不作任何成分,就叫连接词。
如下表:
连接词that,if,whether
引导名词性从句
的连接词连接代词who,whom,what,whose,which,whichever,whatever,whoever
连接副词when,where,how,why
第二节考点分类解析
【考点一:
语序问题】永远陈述语气。
Whoheisdoesn’tmattermuch.
Whenandwhereweshallhavethesportsmeetisaquestion.
Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.
Idon’tknowwhatiswrongwithhim.=Idon’tknowwhatisthematterwithhim.
Youcan’timaginehowexcitedIwasatthattime.
Canyoutellmewhatsizeshoesyouwear?
Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.(MET1991)
A.whatwillmanlooklikeB.whatmanwilllooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
【考点二:
that和what的区别问题】
能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who,whom,what,whose,which,whichever,whatever,
whoever八个。
what是不能引导定语从句的。
定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、
表语,我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。
What在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
而that只是一个“连接词”,既不作什么成分,也没有什么意义。
Whatyoudiddoesn’tagreewithwhatyoupromised.
Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyhisteacherwasneversatisfiedwithhim.
ThematterofsalaryiswhatIcaremostifIdecidetochangemyprofession.
Whatwecan’tgetalwaysseemsbetterthanwhatwehavealreadygot.
Ithinkthatyourcompositionisnobetterthanhis.
Thatyoudon’tloveherisnotmybusiness.
Whatwehaveseenisdifferentfrom_______.
A.weheardB.wehaveheardC.whatweheardD.whatwehaveheard
Icouldn’tagreewith______atthemeeting.
A.thatyousaidB.whichyousaidC.allwhatyousaidD.whatyousaid
【考点三:
that和whether的区别问题】
Idon’tknowwhetherhecanjoinusornot.
I’msurethathecanjoinus.
ItisnoneofyourbusinesswhetherIloveher.
ItisnoneofyourbusinessthatIdon’tloveher.
区分that还是whether,重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思,是确定的,还
是不确定的;是事实还是疑问。
Ihavenodoubt_____Mr.Johnsonwillmakeithereontime.
A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.when
Noonecanbesure_____theboardwillacceptourconditions.
A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.what
【考点四:
if和whether的区别问题】
一般认为,二者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。
Hedidn’tgiveusexplicitreplywhether/ifhewillattendourweddingceremony.
而在介词的宾语从句中,在主语从句中,在表语从句中,在同位语从句中,在和不定
式搭配的结构中等等,习惯上只能用whether。
1._______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(1996)
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
2.Thequestionof_______theyareoldoryoungisnotimportant.
A.whichB.whetherC.howD.if
3.Thequestionis______thefilmisworthseeing.
A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how
4.Hedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.
A.ifB.whenC.whetherD.how
5.Thenews_____ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.
A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.then
值得注意的是:
有些资料依然强调if不能与ornot搭配的问题。
过去有过这样的规定,
只是在现代英语中,已经不再强调了而已。
现在认为if…ornot也可以接受。
【考点五:
wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】
wh-词在引导从句时,引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”,如:
“谁?
什么?
何时?
何地?
为何?
怎么?
”等。
而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩,而是充满了让步的意
味,多有“无论...”之意。
Thepolicewantedtoknowwhowillbenefitmostfromtheoldman’sdeath.
Whoeverwillbenefitfromtheoldman’sdeathwillbequestionedbythepolice.
Whowillbesenttohelpthepeopleinthefloodedareashasn’tbeenannounced.
Whoeverwillbesenttoworkinthefloodedareaswillsparenoefforttohelpthepeoplein
need.
【考点六:
nomatterwh-和wh-ever的区别问题】
在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换,没有什么区别。
但是,nomatterwh-只能引导状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
由此包含与被包含的关系决定,二者同时出现而必选其一时,答案肯定是wh-ever。
如:
Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.(主语从句)
Whoever/Nomatterwhobreakstherules,he/shewillbepunished.(状语从句)
Don’tbelievewhateverhetellsyou.(宾语从句)
Don’tbelievehim,whatever/nomatterwhathetellsyou.(状语从句)
【考点七:
名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】
如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时,从句中要求用should+动词原形的虚拟语气(should经常可以省略)。
这些动词常见的有:
desire,demand,require,request,order,propose,command,advise,suggest等。
例:
Heinsistedthatshe(should)spendmoretimestudying.
Hedemandedthatwe(should)beontime.
Thebossrequiredthatallwaiters(should)keepstandingalldaylong.
ThepublishinghousesuggestedthatI(should)typemybookout.
那就是suggest和insist。
它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。
ThedoctorsuggestedthatIhadacold。
(这个suggest的意思是“解释,说明”。
后面不用虚拟语气)
Thebigsmilesonherfacesuggestedthatshehadpassedthetest.
(这个suggest的意思是“表明”。
后面不用虚拟语气)
ThedoctorsuggestedthatI(should)stayinbedforafewday.
(这个suggest的意思是“建议”。
后面用虚拟语气)
Theyoungmaninsistedthathewaswellenoughtoserveinthearmy.
(这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。
后面不用虚拟语气)
Thatyoungmaninsistedthatheshouldbesenttothefront.
(这个insist坚持的是一种观点,即“他应该被派往前线”。
后面用虚拟语气)
以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。
如果是其他三种名词性从句,只要和上述动词有关,
也同样。
Theheadquarters’suggestionisthatwe(should)waitforanotherfewdays.(表语从句)
Hisorderthatallthesoldiers(should)swimacrosstheriverwasrefused.(同位语从句)
Itisstronglyrecommendedthatyou(should)takeataxi.(主语从句)
另外,在下面这几个特殊的句型中,后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。
a.Itisimportant/necessary/natural/awonder/essential/suggestedthat…shoulddo…
Itisimportantthatyou(should)beontime.
Itisnecessarythatyou(should)exerciseregularly.
b.Iwishthat…did….如:
IwishIwereabird.
IwishonedayIcouldliveonthemoon.
c.I’dratherthat…did…如:
I’dratheryoudidityourself.
I’dratherIhadn’tlentyouthatbicycleyesterday.
【考点八:
宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】
如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句,一定针对主句的主语、谓语。
Youknowheisignorant,don’tyou?
Itoldyouheisn’tstrong,didn’tI?
有一种例外,当主句的主语是I,且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think,believe,suppose,expect,amafraid等,就只能针对从句反问了。
因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反问。
Ithinkheisignorant,isn’the?
Ibelieveheisn’tstrong,ishe?
【考点九:
it在名词性从句中的作用问题】
it在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。
作形式主语:
Itworriedmeabitthathedidn’tphone.
作形式宾语:
ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.
【考点十:
主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】
从表面上看,it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。
Itisimpossiblethatwecanpersuadehimtojoinus.(主语从句)
ItiswithTom’shelpthatwewereabletopersuadehimtojoinus.(强调句型)
1.基本式:
Itwasonthetopofthemountainthatwemettheforeigntourist.
2.一般疑问句式:
Wasitonthetopofthemountainthatyoumettheforeigntourist?
3.特殊疑问句式:
Wherewasitthatyoumettheforeigntourist?
4.复合句式:
Canyoutellmewhereitwasthatyoumettheforeigntourist?
5.套定语从句式:
Itwasinthehousewhichwasbuiltbyhisfatherthathewasborn.
6.套定语从句加省略式:
---Wheredidyoumeettheforeigntourist?
---Itwasinthehotelwherewelived(thatwemettheforeigntourist).
Itwasnotyetseveno’clockwhenhecamebacklastnight.
因为,*Hecamebacklastnightnotyetseveno’clock.就不是个正确的句子。
---IheardthatTomwasoncealmostdrowned.Whenwasthat?
---Itwasin2000whenhewasswimminginapool.
*Hewasswimminginapoolin2000.从逻辑上看也不成立。
第三节巩固练习
(一)、【夯实基础】
1.Americawas________wascalled“India”byColumbus.
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.theplace
2.---I’dliketoinviteyoutoaconcertthisevening.
---Thankyou,but______I’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
A.whileB.ifC.whenD.whether
3.Ikeptlookingattheman,wondering______________.
A.whetherIhaveseenhimbeforeB.whereIhadseenhimbefore
C.thatIhadseenhimbeforeD.whenIhadseenhimbefore
4.Youhavenotyetansweredmyquestion________Icanjoininthepartytonight.
A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.that
5.Informationhasbeenputforward_______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
6.Acomputercanonlydo_______youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
7.Itisacommonbelief_______teenagerstodayknowaboutcomputersandarefamiliar______usingtheminallaspectsoflife.
A.that;outB.what;withC.that;withD.what;about
8.Don’tleavefortomorrow_______youcandotoday.
A.ifB.whatC.thatD.unless
9.Wasitbecauseitrainedyesterday______hedidn’tcome?
A.whyB.whenC.thenD.that
10.______alltheinventionshaveincommonis______theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.What;thatD.That;that
11.---Whatclothesshouldweweartoattendtheball?
---Dress_______youlike.
A.whatB.howeverC.whateverD.how
12.________hasriddenonarailwaytrainknowshow_____anothertrainflashesbywhenitistravelingintheoppositedirection.
A.Anyonewho;rapidB.Whoever;rapidlyC.Anything;rapidD.Whatever;rapidly
13.Webelieve_______youhavedevotedyourself________suretocometrue.
A.that;isB.allthat;tobeC.thatall;areD.what;tois
14.Youmaygivethefilmticketto_______youthinkneedsit.
A.nomatterwhoB.w