胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

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胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

第一章：

语言学导论

I. Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.  Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.

  A.contact  B.communication   

C.relation    D.community

2. Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

  A.tree     B.typewriter     

C.crash      D.bang

3. Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.

  A.interrogative  B.directive   

C.informative   D.performative

4. InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

 A.Interpersonal     B.Emotive     

C.Performative        D.Recreational

5. Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability    B.Duality      

C.Displacement        D.Arbitrariness

6. Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

  —Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

 A.Emotive       B.Phatic        

C.Performative        D.Interpersonal

7. __________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance     B.Competence   

C.Langue  D.Parole

8. Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.

Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

  A.culturaltransmission   B.productivity    

 C.displacement   D.duality

9. __________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

  A.Psycholinguistics B.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics   D.Appliedlinguistics

10. __________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

  A.Linguistictheory  B.Practicallinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics D.Comparativelinguistics

II. Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11. Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12. Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13. Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14. Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15. Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16. Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17. .DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18. AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19. Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20. Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III. Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21. Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22. Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23. Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24. Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25. Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26. Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27. Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28. Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29. Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30. LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV. Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.  Designfeature

32.  Displacement

33.  Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.  Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36. Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI. Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.  Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）

第二章：

语音

I. Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1. Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

   A.intonation         B.tone           C.pronunciation    D.voice

2.  Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

   A.allophone        B.phone             C.phoneme        D.morpheme

3.  Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

   A.analogues       B.tagmemes        C.morphemes        D.allophones

4. Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.

  A.glottis           B.vocalcavity     C.pharynx            D.uvula

5.  Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

A.wide    B.closing    C.narrow      D.centering

6. Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

   A.minimalpairs     B.allomorphs          

C.phones              D.allophones

7.  Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

   A.Acousticphonetics  B.Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics D.Noneoftheabove

8. Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]  B.[m] C.[b]  D.[p]

9.  Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

  A.[i:

]              B.[u]           C.[e]              D.[i]

10. Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

  A.Voiceless      B.Voiced         C.Glottalstop          D.Consonant

II.  Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.  Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12. Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

13. Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.

14. [p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

15. Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16. Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

17. Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.  Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

19. ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

20. Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

III.   Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21. Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

22. Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.

23. Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

24.  Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.

25.  Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.

26. Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

27.  InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.  __________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.

29.  __________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30. Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

IV. Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.   Soundassimilation

32.   Suprasegmentalfeature

33.   Complementarydistribution

34.  Distinctivefeatures

V.  Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. Whatisacousticphonetics?

（中国人民大学，2003）

36. Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?

（南开04）

VI. Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.  Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:

voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.（青岛海洋大学，1999）

（1）