研究生英语Lesson1课文Globalization.docx

研究生英语Lesson1课文Globalization.docx

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研究生英语Lesson1课文Globalization

研究生英语Lesson1课文Globalization

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Myfateisnotthatofacorporatefoot-soldier，which–asthetelevisionimagesandnewspaperphotographswouldsuggest–involvesalifeoflaborinalittlecellandintandemwithmanyother,equallyindustrioushoney—bees，armedonlywithaworkstationandtelephone。

Myjobinmarketingandbusinessdevelopmentdoesnoteschewface—to—facecontact。

ThecompanyIworkforisasmallone，butitisspacedoverthreetimezones:

inDallas，NewYorkandCalcutta.

Butwhatmakesthecompanydistinctiveisthatitisapost-modernfirm，sincesuchafirmcouldscarcelyhaveexistedtenyearsago.ItiswhatManuelCastells–ProfessorofCityandRegionalPlanningattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley–wouldhavecalledanetworkcompany，heldtogetherthroughe-mailsandteleconferencesalone.

Steppingoutoftheair—conditionedoffice,Iamgreetedwiththehot，damptouchofaCalcuttadusk。

Ihailedablackandyellowboneshakerofataxiandinstructthedrivertoheadformyclub.

HisisanoldAmbassadorcar,apoorMorrisOxfordimitationdatingbacktothe1950sandstillunchanged–averitablemonumentofthepre—globalizationLicenseRajera。

AsthetaximakesitswaythroughthehustleandbustleofCalcutta’sstreets,theblaringmusicandgarishfilmposters，dodgingcowsanderrantrickshawpullers,Imeditateonthescenearoundme。

WhatacontrastbetweentheworkIdoandthelivestheylead！

Whatdoesglobalizationmeantothesepeople?

IfglobalizationhastomeananythingsignificanttotheIndianpoor,itmustmeanatransformationoftheirlives。

Andyet，Icanbet100toonethattheirliveswilldifferinnosignificantwayfromtheirfathers’orgrandfathers’beforethem.TheonlyconsolationIcanoffermyselfisthatmyjobmakesmetheavant—gardeofamovementwhichmay–overthecourseofthiscentury–improvetheirgreat—grandchildren’slives.

Finally,thetaxireachestheclubandanoldVictorianclubhousecomesintoviewamidstthesprawlinggolfcourse,manicuredlawnsandtenniscourts。

Iheadforthetea-lounge.

WithitsDaniels'water—colorprints，richlybrocadedchairs,darkmahoganypanelingandwoodenparquetry，thisistheplacetoenjoycoffeeafterwork。

Aliveriedwaiterbringsmesome。

Theclubitselfisaproductofthatlastgreatageofglobalization,whatEricHobsbawmcalled“TheAgeofEmpire”.Nowthatweareinanotherageofglobalization，littleofthedécorseemstohavechangedsincethen。

Onlythen,asanIndian，Iwouldnothavebeenallowedtoenteritshallowedportals。

Perhapssomethingdochangeafterall!

Sippingmycoffee，IponderoverthequestionthatisbeingdebatedinEngland:

“Importworkersorexportjobs？

”ThefirstthingthatstrikesmeisthatitpresentsasoveryFirstWorldperspective.

SittinginaThirdWorldcountry,thepropositioncouldequallybephrasedas：

“Exportworkers–orimportjobs？

”Actually,whicheverwayyoustateit,theeconomist’sansweristhesameandisverysimple：

itdoesnotmatter.

Asagraduatestudentofeconomics，Ihaveimbibedthetheoremsofmicroeconomicsalmostwithmymother’smilk.Ifweviewtherighttoworkandcitizenshipasabundleoflegalrights,thentheirfreeexchangewillmoveresourcestotheirhighestvalueduse，therebymaximizingglobaloutput。

Undersuchconditions,migrationandoutsourcingaretwosidesofthesamecoin,temporarydisequilibriumconditionsleadingtoaneventualequilibrium。

Anadmirablegoal？

Indeed!

Realizable?

Itwillfounderonthefrailtiesofhumannature.Equalrealwagesforequivalentworkthroughouttheworldisthemostheart—warmingaslongasitdoesn'taffectmyownlifestyle。

EqualityisgoodsolongthatIamimmunefromitspressures.

Byastrangequirkoffate，Iamcondemnedtoviewtheproblemsofmigrationandoutsourcingfrombothsides。

AsachildofanIndianfatherandEnglishmother，IhaveIndiancitizenship，butalsoaRightofAbodewhichallowsmetoworkintheUnitedKingdom。

Atthesametime，IamanapplicantforaU.S。

GreenCard.

MuchofmyhigheducationoccurredintheUnitedStatesandIhaveworkedinIndian，theU.K。

andtheUnitedStates.Arealcitizenofonecountry，Iremainanimaginarycitizenoftwoothers.

Trappedbetweenthreeworlds,IfeeljustifiablyproudatIndia’ssuccessinoutsourcing。

YetIamequallyawarethatasapotentialmigranttotheU。

K。

ortheUnitedStates,thereductionintransactioncoststhatmakesoutsourcingpossiblehasaninfringingconsequence:

Italsoreducestheeconomicattractivenessofthesetwocountriestome。

Oncewebecomemembersofanexclusiveclub（liketheoneIamsittingin），wewouldlikeallfurtherapplicationsstopped！

Itisthisdualityofhumannaturethatmakesmeviewthefutureofglobalizationwithforeboding。

JustasthelastgreatageofglobalizationengendereduncontrolledjingoismandcamecrashingdownamidstthemudandfilthofFlanders’fields，ouragetoohasitsweaknesses.

Foremostamongthemisprotectionism，whichincludeseliminatingimmigration。

Equalityofrealwagesofequivalentworkisgoingtohitsomepeopleinthedevelopedworldreallyhard–andforreasonsnotoftheirownmaking.

BeforeIndustrialRevolution，povertywasequallydistributedthroughouttheglobe，andthereforeglobalinequalitywaslow。

Certainly,greatdifferencesexistedbetweenkingandpeasantinallfeudalsocieties，butthelotofpeasantinIndiaandEuropewasfairlysimilar：

alifeatthemargin.

ThencametheIndustrialRevolution–andafewcountriesbegantopullawayfromtherest.Thissecularseparationhasgoneonforovertwocenturiesnow。

Ithasreachedapointwheretheaveragebachelor’degreeholderinIndiahastomakedoonafewdollarsaday,whilehisU。

S.counterpartwithasimilareducationallevelenjoysathree—bedroomhouse,evenifbotharedoingthesamework。

Thereasonwhythiscouldgoonwasbecause,fortheU。

S。

worker,thelabormarketheorshehadtofacewasthelocal，oratbest，thenationalmarket。

Thefallintransactioncostsowingtoglobalizationhasmeantthattherelevantmarketforthisworkerisnowtheinternationalone。

Thisdramaticoutwardshiftofthelaborsupplycurvewillnaturallyreducehiswages.Atthesametime，itreducesglobalinequalityinremunerationforsimilarwork。

Bothmigrationandoutsourcingcanbeviewedasanattempttoarbitragetheseexistingwagedifferentials。

Thiswillcertainlyleadtoabacklash，asishappeningintheUnitedStatesandEuroperightnow。

Norwillitgoawayeasily,notevenwithareturntoeconomicprosperity。

Thisisbecauseofthefundamentalcontradictionthatliesattheheartoftheliberalpoliticalandeconomicorder.Theliberaleconomicorderdemandsprogressiontowardsperfectcompetition,whichultimatelydevaluescitizenshiprights.Ontheotherhand,theliberalpoliticalorderispredicatedbytheconcertofnation—states.

Wehave，sofar,nootherbasesfortheestablishmentofdemocraticregimes—andtheE。

U.isstilltooimmatureandunlovedtotakeitsplacethatdemandsrobustcitizenshiprights.

Theeconomicentrepreneurisexpectedfollowthedemandsandneedsoftheconsumersslavishly，butifthepoliticalentrepreneur—thatis,thepolitician-weretofollowthisadvice，aprotectionistregimecouldeasilyemerge.Afterall，demandforprotectionisanaturalreactiontodecliningorstagnantincomelevels。

Thereisnoeasywayoutofthisdilemmaandonlyagooddoseofcommon-senseandself-restraintcanalleviatematters.

Complexthoughts。

Weightymatters.Andnoresolution.Havingfinishedmycoffee,Itakemyleavefromthetea—loungeandwaitinthefoyerforataxi。

AsIscanthedarknessoutsides,IthinkofmylawyerbackinDallasandmutter,“WhenwillmyGreenCardcome？

”

Lesson1Globalization

TextALivingBetweenThreeWorlds

Globalization,forbetterorforworse，haschangedtheworldgreatly。

Thoughstillinitsearlystage,itisallbutunstoppable.Thechallengethatpeoplefacenowadaysislearninghowtolivewithit，manageitandtakeadvantageofthebenefitsitoffers.

Manypeoplebelievethat，becauseofglobalization，productivitythroughouttheworldwillbeboostedand，astheworldbecomesricherandmoreprosperous，livingstandardseverywherehavethepotentialtorise。

However，therearestillalotofnaysayerswhotaketheoppositeview,claimingthatglobalizationwillhaveincreasinglydevastatingeffectsonourlives。

Bothsidescanpointtoampleexamplestosupporttheircases.Butintheend,bothareprobablyexaggeratingtosomeextent.Whatisirrefutableisthattheworldeconomicpieisindeedbecomingbiggerbecauseofglobalization–anditisbeingsliceddifferentlythanbefore。

Asamatteroffact，globalizationmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople，especiallywhenitcomestotouchyissueslikejobsoutsourcingorimmigration.Globalizationmaycreatemorejobsthanitactuallydestroys，buttheyareindifferentsectorsandindifferentgeographicregions.Intoday'sworld,ittakesmoreskills,educationandmobilitytobeemployable.

Inthefollowing,SujanPandit，anIndianwritingfromCalcutta,describeshowheiscaughtbetweenseveraltectonicshiftsinthegloballabormarket.HealsoexploreshowhisuniquesituationgiveshimchoicesaffordedtofewotherIndians.