高级英语第三课课件.docx
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高级英语第三课课件
Lesson3
⏹ShipsintheDesert
AlGore
1.Introductionabouttheauthor
AlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sbookEarthintheBalance
AlGore'sprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshistory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion.
Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.
Theintroductionofthetext:
Para.1typicalexampleofenvironmentaldestruction
theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak:
⏹agoodcatchdidnotlookpromising/hopeful.
⏹anunderstatement
theAralsea
America’sGreatLakes
thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,
•largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld
•Fromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario
•HOMES—HstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.
comparable:
somethingthatiscomparabletosomethingelseis
a)asgoodas/asbigas/asimportantastheotherthing;
b)similartotheotherthing
e.g.ThisdinneriscomparabletothebestFrenchcooking.
tofeedithasbeendivertedinanill-consideredirrigationschemetogrowcottoninthedessert:
toflowintotheseahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.
⏹Theschemewasanill-conceivedonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsiderationtheecologicaleffect.
Para.2thesisstatement:
Mysearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishasletmetotravelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis
ItraveledaroundtheworldbecauseIwantedtosee,checkandstudycasesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmental
crisis.
Thissentenceexpressesthemainideaandindicatingthedevelopmentofacausalessay.
Trans-AntarcticMountains
⏹Antarcticaisicycold.
⏹Trans-AntarcticMountainsdivideditintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.
Chinahassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsthere:
ZongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.
thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky
•thesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletion
•ahole:
ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞
aboutthetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime:
•aboutthetunnelhewasdrillingforsamplesfromtheglacier,whichestimatesthetime.Thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;
•inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglaciertellsofsituationofamuchmoreremoteperiod.
Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago:
⏹Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.
CleanAirAct:
⏹ AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.
twocontinents
⏹SouthAmericaandAntarctica
⏹leastaccessibleplaceonearth:
theplacewhichisthemostdifficulttogettointheworld
Para.3theglobalwarmingseenintheAntarctic
What’sthecauseoftheglobalwarming?
⏹Beganwiththeindustrialrevolution,
Industrymeantcoal:
⏹thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower.
--bringingrising…withitsability…warmtheearth:
⏹adverbialofresult:
⏹makingtheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrow;
⏹heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplaystheroleofacover,keepingtheheatneartheearth.
upwindfromtheicerunaway…scientistsmonitortheair…tochartthecourseofthatinexorablechange:
⏹upwindfromtheicerunawaywheretheskiplanelandsandkeepsitsenginesrunningsothatthemetalpartswillnotbefrozensolid,scientistswatchtheairseveraltimeseverydaytomarkthecourseofthatunalterablechange.
upwind:
inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblows
tochartthecourse:
toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemap
graph:
usuallyamathematicaldiagram
Para.4athinningcapastheresultofArcticairwarms
snowmobile
akindofmotorvehiclefortravelingoversnow,usuallywithsteerablerunnersatthefrontandtractortreadsattherear
rendezvouspoint:
theplacewhereasubmarinewastopickthemup
⏹Arendezvousisaplacewhereyouhavearrangedtomeetsomebodyoftensecretly.
tosecurethereleaseofpreviouslytopsecretdata:
⏹toensurethemakingpublicofdatawhichwasoriginallyclassifiedastopsecret.
sonar:
⏹[U](anacronymforsoundnavigationranging)anapparatususingsoundwavesforfindingthepositionofunderwaterobjects,suchasminesorsubmarines声纳(利用声波探测如水雷或潜艇等的水底目标的仪器)
⏹Baiqidolphinshavesonar.Batshavesonar.
Iwasstanding…whenseparatesheetscollide:
⏹Iwasstandinginthevastsceneofsnowwhichwasfearfullybeautiful,windsweptandshiningwhite,withthestretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmallridgesbecauseoftheforceofthecollisionoftheseparatelayers.
eerily:
mysteriously,especiallyinsuchawayastofrightenordisturb
snowscape:
sceneofsnow.
cf.landscapeandseascape.
theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbedisastrous:
theresultofathinningcapmayindicatethepossibilitiesofdisasters
could:
thewordindicates“possibilities”
Andwhycouldthethinningofthepolaricecapbedisastroustotheworld?
⏹Becausethepolarcapplaysanimportantroleintheworld’sweathersystem,theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbringaboutdramaticchangesintheecologicalpattern.Forexample,itwillbringlargeamountofwaterwhichwillraisetheoceanlevelandcausesomefloods.
Para.5therisingtemperatureoftheearth
thepatternoficedistribution…controversialclaim:
theregularwayiceisdistributed…
astatementwhichsomescientistsstilldonotcompletelyaccept
theArcticCircle
⏹animaginarylinedrawnroundtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint(theNorthPole),northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircle
⏹tundra:
anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregions
Para.6theimagesofdestructionattheequator
billowing:
largeswellingmassof
billowv.Whensmokeorcloudbillows,itmovesslowlyupwardsoracrossthesky
Amazonrainforest
TheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarth'sremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.
fastpastureforfast-foodbeef:
⏹Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.
⏹fastpastureforfast-foodbeef:
alliteration
⏹Payattentiontotheconnectionofthetwo“fasts”infastpastureandfastfood.Withthatcomesthe“fast”disappearanceoftherainforest.
thedryseason:
ant.inthewetseason—therainyseason
similarly:
thefootballseason,thebreedingseason,
theplantingseason,theholidayseason,
theharvestseason,thecoldseason,
thetouristseason,thegameseason,
aseasonoffilm
⏹inseason:
Ant.beoutofseason
⏹seasonv.e.g.seasonthefoodwithsalt
withmorethanoneTennessee’sworthofrainforest
theareaofrainforestburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateofTennessee.
⏹worth:
equalinareaorsize
⏹slash:
cutwithasweepingstroke
wearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard:
⏹Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.
HowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestaffecttheearth’secologicalbalance?
Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.
Para.7imagesofdestructionseenalmostanywhere
Howaretheyformed?
Onsomenights…thatsignalsthelossofecologicalbalancenowinprogress:
⏹Onsomenights,intheareaatahighnorthernlatitude,theskyalonepresentsanotherexampleofillomenshowing.Thereisecologicalimbalanceandthiskindofimbalanceisdeveloping.
⏹inhighnorthernlatitude在北纬高纬度地区
⏹cf.longitude经度
This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappears
whentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdon’tseemnatural
noctilucentcloud:
⏹nocti-meansnight;lucentmeansshining,translucent
⏹designatingorofaluminouscloudvisibleatnight
⏹translucent:
partiallytransparent
landfills:
garbagedisposal
methaneisemittedfromgarbagedisposal,fromcoalminesandricefields,frombillionsoftermites(白蚁)movinginlargenumbersthroughthefreshlycutforestland,fromtheburni