Biogasphotovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas.docx

Biogasphotovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas.docx

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Biogasphotovoltaichybridpowersystemfordecentralizedenergysupplyofruralareas

Theperformancemetricsincludethesolarfraction,coefficientofperformance,solarthermalgain,primaryenergyconsumptionandindoorconditions.Comparativestudywasconductedforthehybridair-conditioningsystemworkedwiththethreecommontypesofchilledceilings,namelythechilledpanels,passivechilledbeamsandactivechilledbeams.Thesolarhybridair-conditioningsystemwasalsobenchmarkedwiththeconventionalvapourcompressionrefrigerationforofficeuse.Itisfoundthattheproposedsolarhybridair-conditioningsystemistechnicallyfeasiblethroughhightemperaturecooling.Amongthethreetypesofchilledceilings,thepassivechilledbeamsisthemostenergy-efficientoptiontoworkwiththesolaradsorptionrefrigerationforspaceconditioninginthesubtropicalcity.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.Designofsolarhybridair-conditioningsystemforhightemperaturecooling

2.1.Configurationofsolarhybridair-conditioningsystem

2.2.Typesofchilledceilings

2.3.Systemdesignofsolarhybridair-conditioningsystem

2.3.1.Sub-systemsandcomponents

2.3.2.Buildinginformationandspacecoolingload

2.3.3.Designconsiderationsofvariouscomponents

3.Developmentofdynamicsimulationmodels

3.1.Modelingdetails

3.1.1.Adsorptionchiller

3.1.2.Desiccantwheel

3.1.3.Chilledceilings

3.1.4.Solarenergycollection

3.2.Systemcontrolandoperation

3.2.1.Solarenergycollection

3.2.2.Adsorptionrefrigerationandinterrelationshipwithradiantceilingcooling

3.2.3.Desiccantdehumidificationforvariouschilledceilings

3.2.4.Radiantceilingcoolingandinterrelationshipwithadsorptionchiller

4.Performanceevaluation

5.Resultsanddiscussions

5.1.Year-roundperformances

5.2.Monthlyperformances

5.2.1.Solarfraction

5.2.2.Coefficientofperformance

5.2.3.Solarthermalgain

5.2.4.Primaryenergyconsumption

5.3.Analysisofprimaryenergyconsumptionforvariouschilledceilings

6.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

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370

MaximizationofwindenergypenetrationwiththeuseofH2production—Anexergyapproach  ReviewArticle

RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,Volume15,Issue1,January2011,Pages648-656

C.Koroneos,E.Katopodi

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Abstract

TheutilizationofwindenergyhasbeentheoutmostenergyobjectiveofmanycountriesintheEUinthepasttwodecades.Thelowvalueofitsreliabilityfactorconstitutesthebiggestdrawbackforitsuse.Theinstabilityofwindspeedsmayleadtoover-productionofelectricityfromwindpowergeneratorsatonetime,andlackofproductiontosatisfydemandatothers.Anenergycarriersuchashydrogenwouldplayasignificantroleinincreasingthereliabilityofwindpowergenerationsystems.

Therearetwoobjectivesofthiswork;thefirstoneistoinvestigatethepossibilitythathydrogencouldbetechnicallyandeconomicallyproducedbywindenergy,accordingtoup-to-nowscientificresearch,inordertoincreasethewindenergypenetrationpercentageinweakelectricsystems.Aconcisedescriptionofproblemsthatresultfromwindintegrationinthesystemsofhighwindpenetrationisenterprised,alsoreferringtotheexistingsolutionsuggestions,oneofwhichistheproductionofhydrogen.Theroleofhydrogeninhighwindpenetrationsystemsisdescribedaswell,andfinally,apreliminarytechno-economicalcasestudyofanelectrolysisunitinstallationinanexistingwindparkinCreteislandisalsopresented.

Thesecondobjectiveistoexamineandanalysethermodynamically,theefficiencyalongthehydrogenandelectricityproductioncycle,startingfromthekineticenergyofthewind.Thechangeofexergyduetolossesatdifferentpointsisbeingmappedandmathematicallycalculated.Itisshownthatthereisatwofoldchangeinexergeticefficiencyalongbothpaths.Thesamecasestudyofthewindfarmistakenasasystemforexamination.

AllthedatausedinthisworkcomefromGreece,specificallytheislandofCrete.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Windparksoperationinelectricgrids

3.Hydrogenproductionbywindenergy

4.TheelectricitysystemofCrete,Greece

4.1.H2productionthroughelectrolysis[7],[8]and[9]

4.2.Electrolysisfacilityfeasibilitystudy

5.Exergyanalysis[10],[11]and[12]

5.1.Exergyanalysisofthecasestudy

6.Conclusions

References

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Probabilitydistributionsforoffshorewindspeeds  OriginalResearchArticle

EnergyConversionandManagement,Volume52,Issue1,January2011,Pages15-26

EugeneC.Morgan,MatthewLackner,RichardM.Vogel,LaurieG.Baise

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Abstract

Inplanningoffshorewindfarms,short-termwindspeedsplayacentralroleinestimatingvariousengineeringparameters,suchaspoweroutput,extremewindload,andfatigueload.Lackingwindspeedtimeseriesofsufficientlength,theprobabilitydistributionofwindspeedservesastheprimarysubstitutefordatawhenestimatingdesignparameters.Itiscommonpracticetomodelshort-termwindspeedswiththeWeibulldistribution.Using10-minwindspeedtimeseriesat178oceanbuoystationsrangingfrom1monthto20yearsinduration,weshowthatthewidely-acceptedWeibulldistributionprovidesapoorfittothedistributionofwindspeedswhencomparedwithmorecomplicatedmodels.Wecomparedistributionsintermsofthreedifferentmetrics:

probabilityplotR2,estimatesofaverageturbinepoweroutput,andestimatesofextremewindspeed.WhiletheWeibullmodelgenerallygiveslargerR2thananyother2-parameterdistribution,thebimodalWeibull,Kappa,andWakebymodelsallshowR2valuessignificantlycloserto1thantheotherdistributionsconsidered（includingtheWeibull）,withthebimodalWeibullgivingthebestfits.TheKappaandWakebydistributionsfittheuppertail（higherwindspeeds）ofasamplebetterthanthebimodalWeibull,butmaydrasticallyover-estimatethefrequencyoflowerwindspeeds.Becausetheaverageturbinepoweriscontrolledbyhighwindspeeds,theKappaandWakebyestimateaverageturbinepoweroutputverywell,withtheKappagivingtheleastbiasandmeansquareerroroutofallthedistributions.The2-parameterLognormaldistributionperformsbestforestimatingextremewindspeeds,butstillgivesestimateswithsignificanterror.Thefactthatdifferentdistributionsexcelunderdifferentapplicationsmotivatesfurtherresearchonmodelselectionbasedupontheengineeringparameterofinterest.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Data

3.Windspeeddistributions

3.1.Rayleigh

3.2.Weibull

3.3.GeneralizedRayleigh

3.4.3-parameterWeibull

3.5.Lognormal

3.6.3-parameterLognormal

3.7.GeneralizedNormal

3.8.Gamma

3.9.PearsontypeIII

3.10.LogPearsontypeIII

3.11.GeneralizedGamma

3.12.Kappa

3.13.Wakeby

3.14.BimodalWeibullmixture

4.Resultsanddiscussion

4.1.Theprobabilitydistributionofoffshorewindspeeds

4.2.BIWmixingparameter

4.3.Modelperformanceintermsofaveragepoweroutput

4.4.Modelperformanceintermsofextremewindspeeds

5.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

372

AnalysisontheenvironmentaleffectofrenewableenergyconsumptionbyruralresidentsindailylifeinChina-fromtheperspectivesofcarbonemissions  OriginalResearchArticle

EnergyProcedia,Volume5,2011,Pages1642-1646

ChenYan,ZhuYanli

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AbstractAbstract|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Energyconsumptionofruralresidentsinvolvesmanyaspectssuchasenergysecurity,environmentaleffect,thenewruralconstructionandsoon.Basedontheanalysisofthepresentsituationofrenewableenergyconsumptionbyruralresidentsindailylife,thispaperestimatesthecarbonemissionsofrenewableenergyconsumptionbyruralresidentsindailylifefrom1998-2007,andevaluatestheenvironmentaleffectoftherenewableenergyconsumptionindailylifeinruralareas.Theconclusionshows:

inthecourseofenergyconsumptionbyruralresidentsindailylife,themainbodyofcarbonemissionsiscausedbythetraditionalusageofstraws,firewoodandtheotherbiomassenergyinChina,andgivesrelevantpolicysuggestionaccordingly.

ArticleOutline

Uncitedreferences

References

373

Simulationmodelofamoltencarbonatefuelcell–microturbinehybridsystem  OriginalResearchArticle

AppliedThermalEngineering,Volume31,Issues6-7,May2011,Pages1263-1271

LuigiLeto,CelidonioDispenza,AngeloMoreno,AntonioCalabrò

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Abstract

AHybridSystembasedonHighTemperatureFuelCellscoupledtoaMicroturbineallowsahighefficiency,lowenvironmentalpollutionanditmaybeexploitedasaCHPSystemproducingheatandelectricitybothGridConnectedandStandAlone;theoverallelectricalefficiencycouldreachaveryhighvalue（upto60%）andtotalefficiencycouldbeover70%includingthecontributionduetoheatrecovery.

InthecontextofwideresearchactivitiesofENEAonHighTemperatureFuelCellsandHybridSystems–thatinvolvematerials,systemBoPandfuels–averygreatefforthasbeendevotedtodesignandbuild,