速记符号.docx

速记符号.docx

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速记符号

一、缩写词：

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

1．Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S=sum

f=frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf=compare

e.g.=example

dept=department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol=politics

dem=democracy

lib=liberal

cap=capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres=presentation

subj=subject

ind=individual

cons=conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc=associate

biol=biology

info=information

ach=achievement

chem=chemistry

max=maximum

intro=introduction

conc=concentration

min=minimum

rep=repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd=prepared

prblm=problem

estmt=estimate

bkgd=background

gvt=government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't=amount

cont'd=continued

gov't=government

educat'l=educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts=chapters

egs=examples

fs=frequencies

intros=introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg=checking

estg=establishing

decrg=decreasing

exptg=experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&=and

w/=with

w/o=without

vs=against

/=therefore

==isorequal

常用速记符号

　　大于＞

　　小于＜

　　小于或等于≤

　　大于或等于≥

　　等于、意味着=

　　不等于≠

　　约等于≈

　　遗憾、悲哀;

　　高兴、荣兴（

　　错误、否、不、否定×

　　正确、对、好、肯定√

　　不同意N

　　同意Y

　　上升、增加↑

　　下降、减少↓

　　强、好＋

　　更强、更好＋＋

　　弱、差－

　　更弱、更差　――

　　因为　∵

　　所以∴　　

　　优秀★

　　属于∈

　　胜利V

　　问题、疑问？

　　和、与＆

　　结论是=＞　　

　　将来;

　　过去<

　　促进、发展↗

        原因←

　　导致、结果→

　　对立、冲突><

　　波折＜＜

　　会议、会面⊙

　　进入∩

　　接触、交往∞

　　分歧⊥

　　非常、十分重要**

　　坚持≡

　　关键！

　　奇观!

　　有关@

　　替换为∽

　　但是‖

　　与……比较而言∥

　　空洞○

　　代表△

口译笔记速记符号归总

1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremember

easily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournote

takingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S=sum

f=frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf=compare

e.g.=example

dept=department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol=politics

dem=democracy

lib=liberal

cap=capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres=presentation

subj=subject

ind=individual

cons=conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizable

abbreviation.

assoc=associate

biol=biology

info=information

ach=achievement

chem=chemistry

max=maximum

intro=introduction

conc=concentration

min=minimum

rep=repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonof

theword.

ppd=prepared

prblm=problem

estmt=estimate

bkgd=background

gvt=government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't=amount

cont'd=continued

gov't=government

educat'l=educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts=chapters

egs=examples

fs=frequencies

intros=introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg=checking

estg=establishing

decrg=decreasing

exptg=experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewith

shorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substitute

initialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,Center

forAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&=and

w/=with

w/o=without

vs=against

\=therefore

==isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb=German,forexample

ibid=Latin,thesamework

o=degrees

H2O=water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardab