英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word_精品文档.doc
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TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2011)
GRADEEIGHTTIMELIMIT:
195MIN
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE
Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
Now,listentothemini-lecture.
ClassificationsofCultures
AccordingtoEdwardHall,differentculturesresultindifferentideasabouttheworld.Hallisananthropologist.Heisinterestedinrelationsbetweencultures.
I.High-contextculture
A.feature
-context:
moreimportantthanthemessage
-meaning:
(1)__________
i.e.moreattentionpaidto
(2)___________thantothemessageitself
B.examples
-personalspace
-preferencefor(3)__________
-lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace
-attentionto(4)___________
-conceptoftime
-beliefin(5)____________interpretationoftime
-noconcernforpunctuality
-nocontrolovertime
II.Low-contextculture
A.feature
-message:
separatefromcontext
-meaning:
(6)___________
B.examples
-personalspace
-desire/respectforindividuality/privacy
-lessattentiontobodylanguage
-moreconcernfor(7)___________
-attitudetowardtime
-conceptoftime:
(8)____________
-dislikeof(9)_____________
-timeseenascommodity
III.Conclusion
Awarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions
-relevanceinworkandlife
e.g.business,negotiation,etc.
-(10)_____________insuccessfulcommunication
参考答案:
(1)contextofmessage
(2)what'shappening/thecontext
(3)closenesstopeople
(4)bodylanguage
(5)poly-chronic
(6)messageitself
(7)themessage
(8)mono-chronic
(9)lateness
(10)greatinfluence/significance
TIPS:
(1)根据原文中一句“Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontextofthemessage,ortheaction,oraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.”可知答案。
(2)根据原文“Whatthismeansisthatinahigh-contextculture,moreattentionispaidtowhat'shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.”可知答案。
(3)根据原文“Generallyspeaking,inahigh-contextculture,becausethisgreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersenseofinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.”可得出答案。
(4)根据原文“Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.”可得出答案。
(5)根据原文“Peopleinhigh-contextcultures,areconsideredtohave,whatiscalledapoly-chronicattitudetowardtime.”可得出答案。
(6)根据原文“Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,havingmeaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.”可得出答案。
(7)根据原文“Andyou'llalsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguage,becauseasIsaid,themessageis,themessageiseverything.”可得出答案。
(8)原文提到在low-contextculture中,人们对时间的态度可称为mono-chronic。
(9)根据原文“Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlateness,becausetheyfeelthateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime.”可得出答案。
(10)根据文章末尾部分“Ifyou'reinbusiness,negotiations,interpersonalrelations,ifyou'redealingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesinanyway,it'sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourlife.Inanymulti-culturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.”可知,在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中,与来自不同文化的人打交道时,这些想法对成功的交际起着非常重要的作用。
script:
ClassificationsofCultures
Goodmorning,everyone!
Today,we'lllookatcultureorratherclassificationsofcultures.Usually,whenwedealwithdifferentpeople,wedealwiththemasifwewereallmembersofthesameculture.However,it'spossiblethatpeoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentassumptionsabouttheworld.Wegotinsuchimportantandbasicideasastime,personalspace.AndthisistheviewofEdwardHall.AndEdwardHallisananthropologistwhospentalargepartofhislifestudyingAmericanIndians,theirculture,theirlanguage.Buthewasdifferentfromalotofotheranthropologistswhojuststudyoneculture.Hewasinterestedintherelationsbetweencultures,howculturesinteract.WhatHallbelievesist