大学英语四级分类模拟题261.docx

大学英语四级分类模拟题261.docx

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大学英语四级分类模拟题261

大学英语四级分类模拟题261

ReadingComprehension

TheFutureofWorkIsRichinTechnology

  A.Wechecke-mailassoonaswereachhome,andtakealookatourinboxesalongtheway.Werespondtocalls,texts,andmessagesevenwhileonvacation.Atwork,weuseCiscoTelepresence（远程呈现）orSkypetodiscusswithcolleaguesallovertheworld.Companiesoftenallowemployeestoworkfromhomeforoneortwodaysaweek;someletthemliveinremotelocations.Thishasallbecomethenorm.Adecadeago,wecouldnothaveimaginedbeingalwayson,alwaysconnected,withworkfollowinguswhereverwego.

  B.Thisisjustthebeginning.Thenatureofworkitselfischangingforknowledgeworkers.Duringthisdecade,locationwillceasetobeabarrier;manytypesofworkwillbedoneasmicro-tasks;andwewillbecooperatinginnewways.Whatwillbemostproblematicisthatouremployerswillmakeevengreaterdemandsonusandfurtherintrude（侵入）intoourlives.Thisisthefutureweareheadedinto,whetherwelikeitornot.

  C.Forourgrandparents,"work"wasalmostalwaysinafactoryoronafarm.Today,thefarmandfactoryjobsareperformedbyadecreasingminority.Therearestillmanyjobsintheservicessectorthatrequirephysicalwork.Butincreasinglyourworkforceisperformingtasksthataredonewiththemind—thatrequireknowledgeandskill.Theseknowledgejobscanbeassistedbytechnology.

  D.Notehowaccountingfirmsroutinelyoutsource（把……外包）boringwork,asdolawyers,andasdodoctors,fortaskssuchasmedicaltranscription.Notlongago,smallandmid-sizedprojectswereoutsourcedthroughWebsites—notjusttoIndiabutalsotoremoteworkersintheUnitedStatesandEurope.Amicro-taskeconomyisnowflourishingonsomesites,inwhichsmallertasksarefarmedout.Bigandsmalltaskssuchasdatahandling,Websitedevelopment,design,andtranscriptionarecommonlydonebyworkersindiverselocations.Crowdsourcing（众包）ismakingitpossibleforworktobedonesimultaneously（同时地）bymanypeople—nomatterwheretheyare.

  E.Businessesarebeginningtodothisaswell.Ratherthanlockingworkersindepartmentalsilos（筒仓）,companiesonthecuttingedgeareencouragingemployeestostartcommunicatingwitheachotheroninternalsocial-mediasites.Whatusedtobethequarterlye-mailfromtheCEOhasbecomeakindofinformation-sharingwithincompanies—atalllevels.Companieswillstartdesigninganddevelopingnewproductsandservicesbyengagingtheirentireemployeebase.

  F.Telepresencerobotsaretakingvideoconferencingtoanewlevel.Thereareseveralproductsonthemarket,suchasBeambySuitableTechnologiesandFellowRobots,thatallowascreenmountedonamobileplatformtomovearoundtheofficeandexperiencewhatishappeninginamorehumanway.Imaginewalkingintoyourboss'sofficewhileyouareathome,steppingintoaconferenceroomtojoinameeting,orchit-chattingwithyourpeersaroundthewaterfountain.Nextgenerationvideo-conferencingtechnologiessuchasMezzaninebyOblongIndustriesareusingmultiplescreensandspatialuserinterfaces（界面）toallowpeopleindifferentlocationstocooperateandshareelectronicinformationinasciencefiction-likesetting.

  G.WecanexpectGoogleGlass-typedevicestobringthecomputerdisplaytoourbody—sothatweviewthescreenonourglassesanddon'tneedtositatadeskanymore.Iexpectfutureversionstoprovide3Dexperiencesthatsimulatetheholodecks（全景操作平台）wesawinStarTrek.Andwhoknows,wemaywellhaveholodecksthatmakeitfeelasthoughwearetogether—butthatisgettingtoofarintothefuture.Duringthisdecade,we'llhavetosettlefor2Dinterfacesand3Dsimulations.

  H.Thisisallexciting—andterrifyingenough.Butwhatworriesmeistheintrusion（侵入）thatcompanieswillincreasinglymakeintoourlivesandtheexhaustionwewillsufferfromalwaysbeingatthecallofouremployers.Iknowfrompersonalexperiencehowharditistoturnoffe-mailanddisconnectfromsocialmedia.Thiswillonlygetworseforallofusaswebecomemoreconnected.

  I.Andthentherewillbedemandsbyouremployersforustobettermanageourlifestyles—sothattheycanreducetheirhealthbillsandgetmoreoutofus.Justascompaniesrewardworkerswhojoinhealthclubsandstopsmoking,wewillseethemmakinggreaterdemands.Theywillbeabletomeasurewhatwedobecausewewillincreasinglybewearingbiometric（生物计量的）-monitoringdevicessuchastheNikeFuelBandandFitbitFlexandoursmartphoneswillbeaddingnewsensors.Thenewgenerationofsensor-baseddeviceswillcontinuallygatherdataaboutourmovement,heartrate,weight,sleep,andotherhealth-relatedmattersanduploadthesetothecloud.Beforegivingyoumoresickleave,employerswillprobablydemandthatyouimproveyourlifestyleandhabits.