英语高考英语阅读理解专项练习及解析.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解专项练习及解析.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解专项练习及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解专项练习及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Feelingsoftenrunhighwhereinsectsareconcerned,withmanypeopleevensickwhenseeingthem,letalonetouchorswallowthem.Andyetinsectspresentahugenutritionalopportunityasanincreasingglobalpopulationseeksmoresourcesoffoodandfeed.

   Insectshavegenerallyhighlevelsofanimalproteinandkeymicronutrientswithlowerenvironmentalfootprintsthantraditionalalternatives,andtheycanberaisedonleftovers.Butcultural,socialandeconomicproblemsremain,reportsanarticlepublishedtodayinNutritionBulletin.

   “Insectspresentanutritionalopportunity,butitisunclearhowtheirnutritionalqualityisinfluencedbywhattheyarefed,”saysDarjaDobermann,aresearcherattheUniversityofNottingham.“Inidealconditions,insectshaveasmallerenvironmentalimpactthanmosttraditionalwesternformsofanimalprotein;lessknownishowtoraiseinsectproductionwhilemaintainingtheseenvironmentalbenefits.”

   “Studiesoverallshowthatinsectscouldmakevaluableeconomicandnutritionalcontributionstothefoodorfedsystems,buttherearenoclearregulationsinplacetobringinsectsintosuchsupplysystemswithoutthemturningintoamoreexpensiveversionofpoultry（家禽）forfood,”saysDobermann.

   Thearticlehighlightshowinsectshavebeenasourceoffoodforhundredsofyearsinmorethan100countrieswithover2,000speciesthatcanbeeaten;incentralAfrica,upto50%ofdietaryproteinhascomefrominsects,withtheirmarketvaluehigherthanmanyalternativesourcesofanimalprotein.

   Insectsneedtobelargeenoughtomaketheeffortofcatchingthemworthwhileandeasytolocate,preferablyinpredictablylargequantities.Theyareconsumedatvariouslifestages,asraw,fried,boiled,roastedorgroundfood.

（1）Whichofthefollowingistheadvantageofraisinginsectsforfood?

A. Itwillofferpeopleworkopportunities.          

B. Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C. Itwillreplacetraditionalfood.                        

D. Itwillresultinlessleftovers

（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromDobermann'swords?

A. Raisinginsectsforfoodhasbecomepopular.         

B. Raisinginsectscan'tsolvefoodproblems.

C. Moreshouldbedonetoraiseinsectsforfood.         

D. Moremoneycanbemadebyraisinginsects.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4standfor?

A. Insects                    B. Regulations                    C. Feedsystems                    D. Supplysystems

（4）Whichisthepossibletitleofthispassage?

A. HowtoRaiseInsects                                        

B. RaisingInsectsforMoney

C. InsectsSeemNoLongerUgly                         

D. ANewSourceofFood

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的食物来源——昆虫提供了巨大的营养机会。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Insectshavegenerallyhighlevelsofanimalproteinandkeymicronutrientswithlowerenvironmentalfootprintsthantraditionalalternatives,andtheycanberaisedonleftovers.”可知，饲养昆虫为食物是环保的。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Studiesoverallshowthatinsectscouldmakevaluableeconomicandnutritionalcontributionstothefoodorfedsystems,buttherearenoclearregulationsinplacetobringinsectsintosuchsupplysystemswithoutthemturningintoamoreexpensiveversionofpoultry（家禽）forfood,”研究表明，昆虫可以为食物或食物系统做出有价值的经济和营养贡献，但目前还没有明确的规定，可以将昆虫带入这样的供应系统，而不让它们变成更昂贵的家禽饲料。

”可知，从Dobermann的话可推知应该做更多的工作来饲养昆虫。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Studiesoverallshowthatinsectscouldmakevaluableeconomicandnutritionalcontributionstothefoodorfedsystems,buttherearenoclearregulationsinplacetobringinsectsintosuchsupplysystemswithoutthemturningintoamoreexpensiveversionofpoultry（家禽）forfood,”“研究表明，昆虫可以为食物或食物系统做出有价值的经济和营养贡献，但目前还没有明确的规定，可以将昆虫带入这样的供应系统，而不让它们变成更昂贵的家禽饲料。

”由此推知，此处的them指的是insects，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Andyetinsectspresentahugenutritionalopportunityasanincreasingglobalpopulationseeksmoresourcesoffoodandfeed.”可知，本文讲述的是一种新的食物来源。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.

   Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.

   Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame. Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.

   Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.

   InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.

   Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,andhisstory,abrilliantevidencetohowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeathseemedthepreferableoption.

（1）Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.

A. presentanargument                                       

B. makepreparationsforstatement

C. arousereaders'interest                                   

D. functionasabriefintroduction

（2）Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?

A. Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.

B. GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.

C. TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.

D. Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalt"ofhisbody.

（3）WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?

A. Glenntookrecoveryexerciseinhospital.     B. Glenninspiredpeoplewithhismovingstory.

C. GlennwonthefirstplaceinMarathon.        D. Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A. Strengthendetermination                               

B. Standupafterfailure

C. Goafterdreams                                                D. Facedifficultybravely

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。

文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”

（1）推理判断题。

根据第一段中Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.和Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。

故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。

根据第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”可知本文最佳主题是B项Standupafterfailure。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。

看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:

Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?

Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

   Avoidingtemptation（诱惑）isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

   Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?

Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

   Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.

   Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

   Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanredu