高考英语名词及主谓一致用.docx
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高考英语名词及主谓一致用
高考英语——名词和主谓一致
主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况:
1.主语为单数第三人称时,谓语要变单数,即加“S”如:
reads,sits
注意特例:
(1)-s,-ss,-o,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词要加-es
如:
misses,kisses,does,fixes,brushes,astonishes,scratches
(2)元音字母+y结尾+s;辅音字母+y结尾,要变成辅音字母+ies;
如:
says,sprays,delays,flies,studies,
(3)-fe,-f结尾的词尾要变成-ves
如:
strife(争吵),stuff(填塞),puff(喘气),
名词的变化
(1)名词的数
1)可数名词的复数形式
类别
多数情况规则
少数情况不规则
多数可数名词
加–s,如:
egg-eggsbike-bikes
film-films
test-tests
child-children
ox-oxen;foot–feet;tooth–teeth;mouse-mice;louse-lice;crisis-crises;basis-bases;emphasis----emphases,thesis---theses,analysis—analyses;medium-media;datum-data;phenomenon-phenomena;bacterium—bacteria,criterion-criteria
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词
加-es,如:
glass-glassesfox-foxes;church-churches;watch-watchesbush-bushes
词尾ch发[k]音时,加-s构成复数名词,如:
stomachs
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词
变“y”为“i”再加“-es”
如:
baby-babiesability-abilities
以“元音字母+Y”结尾的可数名词加-s,如:
monkey-monkeys
Key-keys;boy-boys
以“o”结尾的可数名词
加-es,如:
hero-heroes
Potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes
1.加-s,如:
auto,photo,memo,kilo,shampoo,radio,zoo,piano….2.加-s或-es,如:
buffalo-buffalo(e)svolcano-volcano(e)scargo-cargo(e)s
以“f”或“fe”结尾的可数名词
变“f”或“fe”为“v”再加“es”,
如:
life-lives;leaf-leaves
1.加-s,如:
serf,chief,gulf,roof,cuff,cliff,proof,safe,belief,relief,cuff…
2.加–s或变“f”或“fe”为“v”加“es”皆可,如:
scarf-scarfs(scarves)handkerchief-handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)
2)既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
有些名词属兼类名词,作可数名词时表示具体事物,作不可数名词时表抽象概念。
---- Tomrentedasingleroomtoprepareforthecomingexam.(room为可数名词)
汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。
----Youressayiswell–writtenasawhole,yetthereisstillsomeroomforimprovement.(room为不可数名词)
虽然你的文章写得不错,但还有需要改进的余地。
这样的名词有:
experience(可数为“经历”,不可数为“经验”);beauty(可数为“美人”,不可数为“美”);office(可数为“办公室”,不可数为“公职”);success(可数为“成功的人/物”,不可数为“成功”);judgment(可数为“判决”,不可数为“判断”);security(可数为“证券”,不可数为“安全”)等。
3)复合名词复数形式的特殊情况
一般说来,以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:
homework,sunlight;以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数,如:
bedrooms,bookshelves,housewives,fathers-in-law。
此外,我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况:
类别
复数形式
基数词+名词(+形容词)
其中名词一律用单数,如:
aten-year-oldgirl;a200-mile-longroad;afive-foot-highboy
以man,woman,gentleman等为修饰词的复合名词
其中所有名词都用复数,如:
menservants;womenreporters;gentlemendrivers。
但是,要说girl(boy)students,以及Germans,humans,Romans,Normans
少数复合名词:
可数名词+介词(短语)
动词/ed分词+副词
动词-ing形式+副词
名词后加-s,如comrades-in-arms;passers-by词尾加-s,如:
take-offs;go-betweens
动词-ing形式后加-s,如:
comings-in
2.Every/Each+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语
Everymanandwomaninthissocietyneedscare.
Eachboyandeachgirlhereworkshard.
No+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语
Noteacherorstudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.
Noteacherandnostudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.
2.集合名词作主语的三种情况
a)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用单数形式
furniture,equipment,jewellery,scenery,clothing,bedding,…
(2)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用复数形式
people,folk,police,cattle,militia,poultry,mankind…
(3)有些集合名词作主语,看作整体谓语只能用单数形式,看作全体成员,谓语需用复数形式。
team,club,family,class,audience,group,committee,government,cabinet,board,couple,army,jury,party,staff,faculty,personnel,union,public,…
Thegovernmenthasmadeadecisiontoeliminatedrug-abusing.
Thegovernmentarearguingaboutthepassingofanewlaw.
Thefamilyhaslivedherefor50years.
Thefamilyaregoingabroadforaholiday.
4.由bothand连接的两个名词或代词,谓语用复数,但是,由eitheror,neithernor,or,notonlybutalso连接的两个名词或代词,或在Therebe,Herebe的倒装句型中,谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。
Eitheryouorsheisneededtohelppainttheroom.
HaveneitheryounorhebeentoTibet?
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtoseethisnewfilm.
Thereisaschoolandsomesupermarketsnearby.
5.两个名词或代词由一些词(组)相连接,如aswellas,together/alongwith,
carrying,supportedby,accompaniedby,besides,apartfrom,inadditionto,
but,except,(un)like,nolessthan,otherthan等,谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。
Jane,unlikehersisters,doesn’tlikedancing.
Theteacher,inadditiontothestudents,hasseenthisfilm.
Tom,nolessthanTim,isapromisingstudent.
Anoldwoman,supportedbytwoyoungpioneers,iscrossingthestreet.
Theclub,otherthanthechairman,areinfavoroftheplan.
6.表示部分数量的词(组)+of+名词+谓语结构中,谓语的单复数取决于名词:
名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式,谓语用单数;名词为可数名词的复数形式,谓语用复数。
Alloftheworkisdone.
Allofthestudentsarehere.
Thewholeofthebirthdaycakehasbeeneaten.
Thewholeofthemuffinshavebeeneaten.
Noneofthecoffeeisleft.
Noneofthetelephoneswork/works.
Noneofthesegraduatesare/isfromparents’families.
Noneofthemarequalifiedworkers.
7.What引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数,但若表语中出现复数名词,则谓语要用复数,以与表语取得一致。
Whathesaidisright.
Whattheteachersaysanddoeshaseffectonhisstudents.
Whattheteachersaysanddoesdon’tagree(witheachother).
Whatheboughtweretwoballs.
Whattheyneedbadlyarecreativewriters.
WhatIhavesaidanddonehavenothingtodowithyou.
Whatisrealtohimarethedetail