考研词汇完形讲义.docx
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考研词汇完形讲义
考研词汇完型讲义
上海新东方学校
语义逻辑正负关系分析法
注意两点:
1、正负是指广义的正负;2、负负得正,正负得负。
Thoughrich,hewasbetteroffthanatanyotherperiodinhislife.
A)byanymeansC)byallmeans
B)bysomemeansD)bynomeans
一、小连接
包括ratherthan,and,or,but等连接词。
1.ratherthan:
(ratherthan两端连接的成分成负关系)
1.Ithinkshehurtmyfeelingsratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.
A)virtuallyC)literally
B)deliberatelyD)appropriately
2.Oftensuchargumentshavetheeffectofratherthanclarifyingtheissuesinvolved.
A)blockingC)tackling
B)obscuringD)prejudicing
3.Competition,theybelieve,thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptsit.
A)enforcesC)intensifies
B)confirmsD)strengthens
4.Theship'sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated_______insteadof
mechanically.
A)artificiallyC)manually
B)automaticallyD)synthetically
2.and:
(and两端连接的成分成正关系)
5.Theyhavealwaysregardedamanofandfairnessasareliablefriend.
A)robustnessC)integrity
B)temperamentD)compactness
6.Thekitchenwassmallandsothatthedisabledcouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.
A)conventionalC)compatible
B)compactD)concise
7.Wemustlookbeyondandassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.
A)justificationsC)manifestations
B)illusionsD)specifications
8.Nancyisonlyasortof______ofherhusband'sopinionandhasnoideasofherown.
A)sampleB)reproduction
C)shadowD)echo
9.ItisreportedthatUruguayunderstandsand_______Chinaonhumanrightsissues.
A)grantsC)abandons
B)changesD)backs
10.ItisgenerallyknownthatNewYorkisacityfor_____andacenterforoddbitsofinformation.
A)veteransC)pedestrians
B)victimsD)eccentrics
11.Asweknow,computersareusedtostoreand_____informationefficiently.
A)reclaimC)reassure
B)reconcileD)retrieve
12.Theboxer______andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithim.
A)staggeredC)scattered
B)shatteredD)stamped
13.Insomecountries,studentsareexpectedtobequietandintheclassroom.
A)skepticalC)obedient
B)faithfulD)subsidiary
14.Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshouldnewoperatingprocedures.
A)resultinC)subjectto
B)matchwithD)proceedwith
15.TheJapanesescientistshavefoundthatscentsefficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.
A)enhanceC)foster
B)amplifyD)magnify
16.Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarelyfromhisroutine.
A)deviatedC)detached
B)disconnectedD)distorted
3.or:
(常引导同义语或说明语即两端成正关系;但若or前面有either或whether则表示非此即彼,此时两端成负关系)
17.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_______orsocialposition.
A)curiosityC)determination
B)statusD)significance
18.CertainspeciesdisappearedorbecameasnewformsarosethatwerebetteradaptedtotheEarth’schangingenvironment.
A)feebleC)extinct
B)extinguishedD)massive
19.Bodypaintorfacepaintisusedmostlybymeninpre-literatesocietiesinordertoattractgoodhealthortodisease.
A)setasideC)shrugoff
B)wardoffD)giveaway
20.Somepeoplethinkthatatranslation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.
A)literalC)liberal
B)literaryD)linear
21.Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora.
A)concessionC)submission
B)recessionD)transmission
22.Afriendshipmaybe,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.
A)identicalC)critical
B)superficialD)original
4.“,”引导的小连接:
(“,”两端连接的成分成正关系)
23.ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased,awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.
A)circulationC)manipulation
B)reproductionD)penetration
5.not……but……:
(notAbutB结构中A和B成负关系)
24.Theybelievedthatthiswasnottheoftheircampaignforequalitybutmerelythebeginning.
A)climaxC)pitch
B)summitD)maximum
6.inadditionto(两端连接的成分成正关系)
25.Inadditiontotherisingbirthrateandimmigration,the_______deathratecontributedtothepopulationgrowth.
A)incliningC)declining
B)increasingD)descending
7.另外有一些表示转变的动词如turn,transit,alter等也可理解为引导负关系的标志,如在turnAintoB和transitfromAtoB结构中,A和B必成负关系。
反过来若A和B的负关系已现,要求填动词,则应对上述表转变的动词有所期待。
26.Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsintoones.
A)turbulentC)vulnerable
B)tragicD)suspicious
27.Thefromchildhoodtoadulthoodisalwaysacriticaltimeforeverybody.
A)conversionC)turnover
B)transitionD)transformation
28.ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthefromfalltowinter.
A)transmissionC)transition
B)transformationD)transfer
8.inlightof:
(表“鉴于”的因果含义,前后连接的成分存在正关系)
29.Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryourviewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.
A)pessimisticC)distressing
B)indifferentD)optimistic
butfor:
(表“要不是”,为虚拟语气标志词,前后连接的成分存在负关系)
30.Thestatuewouldbeperfectbutforafewsmallinitsbase.
A).mistakesC).flaws
B).weaknessesD).errors
9.其他情况下若正负关系已经给出,则应对表否定关系的连词、介词(词组)有所期待。
31.Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatallsugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.
A)orratherC)butrather
B)ratherthanD)otherthan
32.WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike______thecarifIcan.
A)ratherthanC)inspiteof
B)regardlessofD)otherthan
33.popularbeliefthatclassicalmusicistoocomplex,itachievesasimplicitythatonlyageniuscancreate.
A)SubjecttoC)Familiarto
B)ContrarytoD)Similarto
34.Thegoalistomakehighereducationavailabletoeveryonewhoiswillingandcapable_____hisfinancialsituation.
A)withrespecttoC)regardlessof
B)inaccordwithD)intermsof
35.Thisisnotaneconomicalwaytogetmorewater;_____,itisveryexpensive.
A)ontheotherhandC)inshort
B)onthecontraryD)orelse
36.youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoomuchimportanceonthem.
A)AsC)Provided
B)SinceD)While
二、大连接
通过转折关系、因果关系、并列关系、解释及补充说明关系体现。
1.转折关系通常由although(though),but,even,while等连接词表示,有时when也可以。
转折关系前后连接的成分当然成负关系。
although(though):
1.Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.
A)spontaneouslyC)homogeneously
B)simultaneouslyD)instantaneously
2.Thoughherparentshermusicalability,Jerrilou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.
A)pourscornonC)giveventto
B)heappraiseuponD)castlightupon
3.Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen
.
A)identifiedC)notified
B)guaranteedD)conveyed
4.Althoughhehadnoformaleducationheisoneofthebusinessmeninthecompany.
A)nastiestC)alertest
B)shrewdestD)sternest
5.Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan
orderlyfashion.
A)incredibleC)internal
B)intricateD)initial
6.AlthoughthecoloniststosomeextentwiththenativeAmericans,theIndians’influenceonAmericancultureandlanguagewasnotextensive.
A)migratedC)mingled
B)matchedD)melted
7.Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose.
A)temperamentC)scrutiny
B)contaminationD)symmetry
8.Asfarastherankofpositionisconcerned,anassociateprofessoristoaprofessor,thoughtheyarealmostequallyknowledgeable.
A)attachedC)previous
B)subsidiaryD)inferior
9.Althoughthetwoplayersareinthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.
A)partnersC)rivals
B)enemiesD)companions
10.Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhavevision.
A)vigorousC)acute
B)exactD)vivid
but:
11.Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina.
A).scarcityC).minimum
B).shortageD).minority
12.Mr.Bloomisnotnow,buthewillbefamoussomeday.
A)significantC)magnificent
B)dominantD)prominent
13.Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistsseemedtohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.
A)identicalC)parallel
B)verticalD)specific
14.Themedicinehispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.
A)activatedC)mediated
B)alleviatedD)deteriorated
15.Grainproductionintheworldis,butstillmillionsgohungry.
A)staggeringC)soaring
B)shrinkingD)suspending
16.Overthepasttenyears,naturalgasproductionhasremainedsteady,but______hasrisensteadily.
A)dissipationC)consumption
B)disposalD)expenditure
17.Highgradesaresupposedto_____academicability,butJohn’sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.
A)certifyC)classify
B)clarifyD)notify
18.Hehadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltconsiderablyafteramealandarest.
A)renewedC)reshaped
B)recreatedD)refreshed
19.TheladydressedinthelatestParisfashionisinherappearancebutrudeinherspeech.
A)elaborateC)elegant
B)excessiveD)exaggerated
even:
20.Evenwhentextbooksarethroughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.
A)commonplaceC)competitive
B)standardizedD)generalized
21.Evensensiblemendothingssometimes.
A)abruptC)acute
B)absurdD)apt
while:
(注意:
while引导的分句中的谓语动词若为-ing形式,则分句与主句为同时进行的并列关系;若非-ing形式,则多表示转折关系“尽管”。
)
22.Whilenuclearweaponspresentgravedangers,thepredominantc