上海交大生物化学教材上册习题答案doc.docx
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上海交大生物化学教材上册习题答案doc
Chapter2
1.(a)tropomyosin原肌球蛋白70-kd→35-kd(two-stranded)→318residues(meanresiduemass110)→477Ǻ(axialdistanceofperresidueinα-helixis1.5Ǻ)
(b)40residues→36(4forhairpinturn)→18(two-stranded)→63Ǻ
(theriseperresidue3.5Ǻinβsheet)motif基序Ǻmom基基t
2.contrastingisomer截然不同的异构体dioxane二噁烷inLeumethyl甲基isattachedtoγ-Catom,whileinIleittoβ-Catom(比较靠近主链α-碳原子,造成立体位阻,阻断α-螺旋的形成)
3.Ala <Val;Ile>Gly…Ala……Ile…..withactivity(wildtype)
…Val……Ile……loseactivity(mutanttype)
…Val……Gly…regainactivity(double-mutanttype)
4.shuffle重新洗牌,disulfide-sulfhydrylexchange二硫键-巯基互换;PDI蛋白二硫键异构酶,scrambledribonuclease杂乱的核糖核酸酶
杂乱的核糖核酸酶在PDI作用下由无序变成有序,而胰岛素则由有序变成无序,说明胰岛素结构并非热力学最稳定的形式;因为胰岛素是由(比它多33个残基的)胰岛素原形成的,后者才是热力学最稳定的形式.
5.stretchingatarget使目标(蛋白底物)伸展;protease蛋白水解酶
6.GlyhasthesmallestsidechainofAA:
tightturnsandapproachingoneanotherclosely
7.guanidiniumgroup胍基ofArg(positive):
Glu,Asp,andtheterminalcarbonylgroup(negative)
8.keratin角蛋白烫发:
加入巯基化合物(作为还原剂)和适当的温度使原来(发型中)的二硫键打断,卷曲头发(至所需型态)并加入氧化剂,使之形成新的二硫键并稳定.
Chapter3
1.(a)phenylisothiocyanate(PITC)异硫氰酸苯酯
(b)Dansylchloride丹黄酰氯(ordabsylchloride)
(c)Urea尿素;β-mercaptoethanolβ-巯基乙醇
(d)chymotrypsin糜蛋白酶(N)……R-‖-X……(C)R:
PheTrp,Tyr
(e)CNBr(N)……Met-‖-X……(C)
(f)Trypsin(N)……R-‖-X……(C)R:
ArgorLys
2.K=[H+][A-]/[HA]→pH=pK+log[A-]/[HA]
3.anhydroushydrazine无水肼:
处理多肽(蛋白质)发生裂解,羧基末端的氨基酸释放成游离氨基酸,可被鉴定.所有其他氨基酸残基变成酰肼衍生物.
4.ethyleneimine乙烯亚胺+Cys→S-aminoethyl氨乙基derivatives(S-氨乙烯半胱氨酸)→与Lys类似Cys*-‖-X
5.incident入射,transmitted透射,εextinctioncoefficient(molarabsorptioncoefficient)消光系数;I=I010-εlc A(logI0/I)=εlc
1mg/ml→5.62x10-5M(MW=17.8kd)A=15000x5.62x10-5x1=0.84=log10(I0/I)I0/I=6.96即14.4%的入射光被透射
6.tropomyosin原肌球蛋白rodshaped
7.s∝m/ff=6πηrm∝r3→s∝m2/3
8.y=kx+blog(MW)=k(RM)+by—log(MW)MW:
molecularweightX—RM:
relativemobility
log92000=0.41k+b
log30000=0.80k+bk=-1.26b=5.465
So,theapparentmassofaproteinhavingamobilityof0.62is50kd
Chapter4
1.5’GATCAA3’
3’CTAGTT5’→5’TTGATC3’(书写自左向右5’→3’)
3.17μm-15μm=2μm=20000A÷3.4A=5800basepairs
4.A(15N)B(14N)
Conservativereplication:
AA→AA+BB(F1)→AA+BB+BB+BB(F2)
Semiconservativereplication:
AA→AB+AB(F1)→AB+AB+BB+BB(F2)
6.competence感受态Bacillussubtilis枯草芽胞杆菌
possiblereason:
1.notabletotakeupDNA2.havingdeoxiribonuclease脱氧核糖核酸酶3.notabletointegratefragmentsofDNAintotheirgenome
7.propitious有利的;T2isusedbyHersheyandChase(P78)toseparateitselfintogenetic(DNA)andnongenetic(protein)parts.M13isnot.(它的蛋白外壳将嵌入宿主的内膜,离心后将随细胞沉淀)
8.(a)tritiatedthymine(orthymidine)氚标记的胸腺嘧啶(胸苷)T*→dTTP*→DNA*
(b)dNs-P*~P~P
9.
5’_______________3’-OH
3’-OH_______________5’
10.reversetranscriptase逆转录酶polyriboadenylate聚腺苷酸primer引物deoxythymudylateoligonucleotide寡聚脱氧胸苷酸
template:
poly(rA)→primeroligodT+syntheticmaterialdTTP
3’…AAAAAAAAAAA…
5’TTT(OH)…
11.RNA→DNA-RNAhybrid→DNAtranscript→double-helicalviralDNA
(+)(-+)(-)(±)
(bothbyreversetranscriptase)ribonuclease核糖核酸酶;polymerase聚合酶;逆转录酶兼具聚合酶和核糖核酸酶的功能
12.Turnip芜菁Virus→treatedwithphenol苯酚(toremoveprotein)→NA(divideintotwosamples)
1.treatedwithribonuclease核糖核酸酶
2.treatedwithdeoxyribonuclease脱氧核糖核酸酶
13.G-C→G-U(bydeamination脱氨)→G-C+A-U(afteroneroundofreplication)
→G-C+G-C+A-U+A-T(aftertworoundofreplication)
14.hydrogencyanide氰化氢(HCN)pentamer五聚体adenine腺嘌呤(H5C5N5)
15.(a)AAACAGAT24
CACCCGCT
GAGCGGGT
TATCTGTT
CHAPTER5
1.(a)dATP,dCTP,dGTP,dTTP(forDNA);ATP,CTP,GTP,UTP(forRNA)
2.(a)3’–ATTGCCATGCTA-5’
5’-UAACGGUACGAU-3’
(b)5’-UUGCCUAGUGAUUGGAUG-3’
N-Leu—Pro—Ser—Asp—Trp—Met-C
©5’-UUACUUACUUACUUACUUACUUAC…-3’Poly(UUAC)
N-Leu—Leu—Thr—Tyr--Leu—Leu—Thr—Tyr-CPoly(Leu-Leu-Thr-Tyr)
5’-UUACUUACUUACUUACUUACUUAC…-3’
N-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Thr…..Poly(Tyr-Leu-Leu-Thr)
5’-UUACUUACUUACUUACUUA-3’
N-Thr-Tyr-Leu–Leu….Poly(Thr-Tyr-Leu-Leu)
4.ccordycepin蛹虫草菌素3’-deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷ItterminatesRNAsynthesisbecauseitlacksa3’-OHgroup.
5.poly(G)聚鸟苷酸formsatriple-strandedstructure三股螺旋结构,thereforeitcan’tserveasatemplateforproteinsynthesis.Poly(A),poly(C)andpoly(U)candoassingle-strandedRNA.
6.5’…TACTACTAC…3’
3’…ATGATGATGATGATGATG…5’
↓DNA聚合酶,连接酶
5’…TACTACTACTACTACTACTAC…3’
3’…ATGATGATGATGATGATGATG…5’
↓
RNApolymerase+onlyUTP,ATP,CTP→onlypoly(UAC)
3’…ATGATGATGATGATGATG…5’
5’…UACUACUACUACUAC…3’
RNApolymerase+onlyUTP,ATP,GTP→onlypoly(GUA)
3’…CATCATCATCATCATCAT…5’
5’…GUAGUAGUAGUAGUA…3’
7.Lys:
(AAAorAAG);→(a)Asp:
GAUorGACimpossible
→(b)Arg:
AGAorAGG;Asn:
AAUorAAC;Gln:
CAAorCAG
andGlu,Ile,Met,Thrpalatable合口味
8.tripleentendre三关语
5’-AAAUGAGGA-3’3different-polypeptideproducts:
(a).5’…-