Using RFID for Accurate Positioning.docx
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UsingRFIDforAccuratePositioning
UsingRFIDforAccuratePositioning
Abstract.
InKorea,telematicsisregardedasthetechnologytoenhanceandmakeeveryday-drivingexperiencemorecomfortableandsafer.AnessentialpartofthetelematicsisnavigationanditismainlybasedonGPSasthechoiceofpositioningtechnology.TheaccuracyofGPS,however,isapproximatelytentotwentymeters.Combiningwithmap-matchingtechnologies,mostnavigationsystemsguidedriverswithabesteffortmanner.Inadditiontotelematics,RFID(RadioFrequencyIdentification)isanoldbutnewlyemergedtechnology.Inthispaper,weincorporateRFIDtechnologyintoanavigationsystemtoimprovetheaccuracy.Theskeletonoftheideaisasfollows:
installRFIDtagsonroadsinacertainway,storeveryaccuratelocationinformationalongwithothernecessaryinformationinthetags,addanRFIDreadermoduletothenavigationsystem,andusethisnewlocationinformationalongwithGPSandagyroscopetoproducehighlyaccuratelocationinformation.Withthisscheme,theaccuracyofpositioningcanbedramaticallyimproved,especiallyintunnelsandindowntownareas.Preliminaryresultsshowthatthisideaisfeasible.
Keywords:
Positioning,RFID,Navigation,Telematics.
1.INTRODUCTION
Telematicscanbedefinedasthetechnologythatenablesavehicletoexchangedataviawirelesscommunicationintheformofservicesorapplications.Corecomponentsofatelematicssystemincludepositioningtechnology,Human-MachineInterfaces(HMI),andanavigationmodule.Overthelastfewyears,telematicshasdrawnmuchattentioninmajorindustrialcountries.Koreaisoneofthenationsthatendeavortocapitalizeontelematics.Infact,theMinistryofInformationandCommunicationofKorea(MIC)hasrecentlyreleaseditsmasterplancalledtheIT839StrategytohelptheITindustrydevelopnewtechnologies(MIC,2004).TheIT839Strategyisaplanforactivatingeightservices(WiBro,DMB,HomeNetwork,Telematics,RFID,W-CDMA,TerrestrialDigitalTV,VoIP),implementingthreeinfrastructures(BroadbandConvergenceNetwork,UbiquitousSensorNetwork,IPv6),anddevelopingninenewgrowthengines(Next-GenerationMobileCommunications,DigitalTV,HomeNetwork,ITSoC,Next-GenerationPC,EmbeddedSW,DigitalContents,Telematics,IntelligentServiceRobot).TelematicsisoneoftheeightnewservicesandalsooneoftheninenewgrowthenginesintheIT839Strategy.
Asmentionedabove,positioningtechnologyisacorecomponentoftelematicsandmostoftelematicsdevicessoldtodayrelyonGPSasachoiceofthepositioningtechnology.WithGPS,itisinherentlydifficult,ifnotimpossible,togetapositioninatunnelorindowntownareassurroundedbyskyscrapers.ThisissueinGPSwouldnotberesolvedformanyyearstocome.Toenhancetheaccuracytoalevelatwhichlane-by-lanerouteguidancecanbepossible,usingRFIDtechnologyforpositioningisproposed.
RFIDisnotanewtechnology,ratheritsorigindatesbacktoWorldWarTwo.Recently,RFIDcomesunderthespotlightforitspotentialforchangingtheworldbyreplacingbarcodesandprovidingmanyservicesthatareunknowntoday.Inadditiontothereplacementofbarcodes,RFIDhasgaininginterestsinmobilephoneandconsumerelectronicsindustry.
TheRFIDpositioningcanbedividedintofoursteps:
inthefirststep,installRFIDtagsonroadsinacertainway,storeveryaccuratelocationinformationalongwithothernecessaryinformationtothetags,addanRFIDreadermoduletothenavigationsystem,andusethisnewlocationinformation.ApartfromtheRFIDsystem,wealsoproposetouseatagdatabase.
Duetothememoryconstraintonthetagandthedatasizethatneedsbewritteninatag,theuseofadatabasefortagsisanecessarycondition.Inaddition,thespeedoftheRFIDcommunicationalsomakestheuseofthetagdatabaseindispensable.
PreliminaryresultsshowthattheRFIDcommunicationspeeddoesnotsolelydependonthebitdatarateinthespecification.onetheless,itwillbeshownthatretrievingIDfromatagcanbedonefastevenatahighvelocity(bythehighvelocitywemean150km/h).
Anotherperformancestudyonthetagdatabaseaccesstimeindicatesthattheaccesstimeismarginal.
IntheRFIDandtelematicsliterature,thereisnotmuchresearchonRFIDpositioningpertinenttovehiclenavigation.Kubitzetal.developedatechniqueforrobotnavigationusingRFID(Kubitzetal.,1997).They,however,didnottakethevelocityofrobotsintoaccount,whereasinvehiclenavigationfastRFIDcommunicationwouldbecrucial.Penttiläetal.presentedaperformancestudyonanRFIDsystem,inwhichtheyachievedreliableidentificationaccuracyatupto40km/h(Penttiläetal.2004).
Thispaperisorganizedasfollows:
inSection2abriefoverviewoftheRFIDtechnologyisgivenasbackgroun